Fiber Optical Interface

(1FOM-A)
For Loop AM3440-A/B/C
USER'S MANUAL

LOOP TELECOMMUNICATION INTERNATIONAL, INC.

8F, NO. 8, HSIN ANN RD.
SCIENCE-BASED INDUSTRIAL PARK
HSINCHU, TAIWAN
Tel: +886-3-578-7696
Fax: +886-3-578-7695
© 2011 Loop Telecommunication International, Inc. All rights reserved.
26 JAN 2011 Version 1
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1. PRODUCT INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Description ......................................................................................................................1
1.2 Specification ....................................................................................................................1
1.3 Application Illustration .......................................................................................................2
2. INSTALLATION..................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Site Selection ...................................................................................................................4
2.2 Mechanical Installation .....................................................................................................4
2.3 LED Indication .................................................................................................................5
3. TERMINAL OPERATION...................................................................................................................... 5
3.1 System Display ................................................................................................................6
3.2 System Setup ................................................................................................................10
4. Appendix A: Setup Procedures for 1 + 1 Protection........................................................................... 17
5. Appendix B: Setup Procedures for Ring Protection ........................................................................... 20
5.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................20
5.2 Setup Instructions .................................................................................................................... 21
5. Appendix C: Alarm Model and Alarm Type......................................................................................... 24
5.1 ccAlarmModel: Plug-in card model type ...........................................................................24
5.2 ccAlarmType: Unit alarm .................................................................................................24
6. Appendix D: Unit System Setup Configuration .................................................................................. 25
6.1 Frame............................................................................................................................25
6.2 CRC ..............................................................................................................................25
6.3 RAI................................................................................................................................25
6.4 CAS ..............................................................................................................................25
6.5 AIS ................................................................................................................................26
6.6 Idle Code .......................................................................................................................26
6.7 Facility Data Link ............................................................................................................26
6.8 OOS: Out of Service Signaling ........................................................................................26
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1 Point to Point and 1+1 Protection ............................................................................................. 2

Figure 1-2 Ring Protection.......................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2-1 Front Panel: FOM Card............................................................................................................. 4
Figure 4-1 Application for 1+1 Protection: non-revertible mode............................................................... 18
Figure 4-2 Application for 1+1 Protection: revertible mode ...................................................................... 19
Figure 5-1 Application Diagram for Ring Protection ................................................................................. 20

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 LED Indication ............................................................................................................................ 5

Table 5-1 Alarm Model Number................................................................................................................ 24
Table 5-2 Alarm Type Number.................................................................................................................. 24
 CHAPTER 1 PRODUCT INTRODUCTION

1. PRODUCT INTRODUCTION

1.1 Description

Loop Telecom’s 1FOMA fiber optical interface is a plug-in module that can be used in the standard single
slots of the AM3440-A/B/C chassis. Designed for Loop-AM3440 as an embedded 1 or 4 E1 fiber optical
modem, the 1FOMA interface is able to aggregate 1 or 4 E1 channels to single fiber optical interface and
connect with Loop-O 9310-E1, FOM interface for Loop-AM3440-A/B/C/D, 7FOM interface for O9400R and
O9500R.

1.2 Specification

Fiber Optical Interface

Source MLM Laser Line Code Scrambled NRZ
Wavelength 1310 ± 50 nm, 1550 ± 40 nm Detector Type PIN-FET
50 Km reach Protection Optional 1+1 APS
Power Consumption 2 Watts
NOTE: Longer or shorter, 15 to 120Km, on special order.

Optical Fiber Interface Characteristics

Optical Module Fiber Direction Wavelength (nm) Connector Distance (km)
Single Dual uni-direction 1310 SC (Subscriber Connector) 30
1310 SC (Subscriber Connector) 50
1310 FC (Fiber Connector) 30
1550 SC (Subscriber Connector) 20
1550 SC (Subscriber Connector) 100
Single Single bi-direction (master) 1310/1550 SC (Subscriber Connector) 30
Single bi-direction (slave) 1310/1550 SC (Subscriber Connector) 30

1
 CHAPTER 1 PRODUCT INTRODUCTION

1.3 Application Illustration

Point to Point

Other Controller Controller Other

1FOMA 1FOMA
cards Card Card cards
E1/DS1 E1/DS1/
Fiber Optical
/ Data/ Data/
AM 3440 #1 Cable AM 3440 #2
Voice Voice

1 + 1 Protection

1FOMA Working Working 1FOMA

(Slot1) (Slot1)

1FOMA Protection Protection 1FOMA

AM 3440 AM 3440
(Slot2) (Slot2)
#1 #2

Line
1FOMA Break 1FOMA
(Slot1) (Slot1)
Working Working
AM 3440 1FOMA 1FOMA AM 3440
#1 (Slot2) (Slot2) #2

Figure 1-1 Point to Point and 1+1 Protection

2
 CHAPTER 1 PRODUCT INTRODUCTION

Ring Protection

Rx Tx

AM 3440 #2
Working Working
FOM FOM
Protection Protection
FOM FOM

Tx Rx
AM 3440 FOM AM 3440
#1 Protection Ring #3
Rx Tx

Protection Protection
FOM FOM

Working Working
FOM FOM
AM 3440 #4

Tx Rx

Rx Tx

AM 3440 #2 Working
Working
FOM FOM

Protection Protection
FOM FOM

Tx Rx
AM 3440 FOM AM 3440
#1 Protection Ring #3
Rx Tx

Line
Break

Working
AM 3440 #4 FOM

Tx Rx

Figure 1-2 Ring Protection

3
 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION

2. INSTALLATION

2.1 Site Selection

The following list indicates a site selection guideline. Users need to follow this guideline to select a proper
installation site.

z Location of the Rack should be part of the central office equipment layout design. Considerations
should be given to entrance cable routing and -48 Vdc power.
z The installation site should have -48 Vdc power. An optional AC/DC power converter can be used.
Use Only with Class 2 power source, -48 Vdc, 100 watts.

2.2 Mechanical Installation

The FOM card is designed to be plugged into any of the available slots from 1 to 12 in the Loop-AM3440
devices. The front panel is shown in the following figure.

Figure 2-1 Front Panel: FOM Card

4
 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

2.3 LED Indication

The front of the Loop-AM 3440 has LED for operation and error indications. The indication can be in one or
more colors. Note that when powering up and self test is in progress, the unit front panel LED is also used
to indicate fault conditions.

Table 2-1 LED Indication

LED Color Indication
Red LOS (Loss of Signal)
Green Line in Sync
OPTICAL
Flashing Green Loopback testing
Flashing Amber Receive RAI
NOTE: When 1FOMA plug-in card is plugged into the main unit, all BPV LEDs of CPU module are off and RAI LEDs of
CPU module are flashing in amber color as long as the FOM plug-in card's LED is flashing in amber.

3. TERMINAL OPERATION

Under the Controller Menu, press “U” to choose a slot for 1FOM-A card. The Unit Menu screen will show as
below.
NOTE: To set up 1 + 1 protection for fiber optical module, please see Appendix A

SLOT 2 FOM E1_PORT 1 === Unit Menu === 12:04:06 01/18/2011

Version : HW FPGA Ver.E PCB Ver.A

[DISPLAY] [SETUP]
1 -> Unit 1-Hour Perf. Report S -> Unit System Setup
2 -> Unit 24-Hour Perf. Report L -> Unit Loopback and Test
C -> Unit Configuration M -> Unit Alarm Setup
I -> Unit Status J -> Unit APSD Setup
H -> Unit Alarm History X -> Clear Unit Alarm History
T -> Unit Optical Type A -> Clear E1 CRC Error
G -> Unit APSD Configuration B -> Clear Optical Error

[LOG] [MISC]
U -> Choose Other Slot Y -> Unit Load Default Config
P -> Choose FOM E1 Port R -> Clear All Error Counters
F -> Log Off [SETUP],[MISC] Menu K -> Unit Clear Performance Data
O -> Log On [SETUP],[MISC] Menu
E -> Return to Controller Main Menu

>>SPACE bar to refresh or enter a command ===>

5
 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

3.1 System Display

3.1.1 Unit 1-Hour Perf. Report

¾ Command Path Unit Menu > (1) Unit 1-Hour Perf. Report

¾ Function Display 1-hour performance report for each port

¾ Sample Screen of Unit 1-Hour Perf. Report:
First, select a port for 1-hour performance display. In the sample screen below, we choose the optical port
and press ENTER.
SLOT 2 F OM E1 _PO RT 1 === 1 H our Pe rfo rm ance R epo rt == = 1 5:29 :49 0 1/ 18/2 011

>> S ele ct Port ? *O PTIC AL E1 #1 E1# 2 E1#3 E 1#4

The 1-hour performance of the optical port will show up:
SLOT 2 FOM E1_PORT 1 === 1 Hour Performance Report === 15:30:08 01/18/2011
OPTICAL LINE

-- Valid Seconds in Current 15-Min Interval : 9 seconds

(ES) (SES) (UAS)
Current 15-Min Interval : 0 0 9
1st Nearest 15-Min Interval : 0 0 900
2nd Nearest 15-Min Interval : 0 0 900
3rd Nearest 15-Min Interval : 0 0 900
4th Nearest 15-Min Interval : 0 0 900

-- Valid 15-Min Intervals in Current 24-Hour Interval: 19

(ES) (SES) (UAS)
Current 24-Hour Interval : 0 0 16377
01/17/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/16/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/15/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/14/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/13/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/12/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/11/2011 : ----- ----- -----

<< ESC key to return to previous menu, SPACE bar to refresh >>

3.1.2 Unit 24-Hour Perf. Report

¾ Command Path Unit Menu > (2) Unit 24-Hour Perf. Report

¾ Function Display 24-hour performance report for each port

¾ Sample Screen of Unit 24-Hour Perf. Report:
First, select a port for 1-hour performance display. In the sample screen below, we choose the optical port
and press ENTER.
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 === 24 Hou rs Per form anc e R epor t = == 15 :46 :47 01/ 18/ 201 1

>> S ele ct Port ? *O PTIC AL E1 #1 E1# 2 E1#3 E 1#4

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 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

The 24-hour performance of the optical port will show up:

SLOT 2 FOM E1_PORT 1 === 1 Hour Performance Report === 15:30:08 01/18/2011
OPTICAL LINE

-- Valid Seconds in Current 15-Min Interval : 9 seconds

(ES) (SES) (UAS)
Current 15-Min Interval : 0 0 9
1st Nearest 15-Min Interval : 0 0 900
2nd Nearest 15-Min Interval : 0 0 900
3rd Nearest 15-Min Interval : 0 0 900
4th Nearest 15-Min Interval : 0 0 900

-- Valid 15-Min Intervals in Current 24-Hour Interval: 19

(ES) (SES) (UAS)
Current 24-Hour Interval : 0 0 16377
01/17/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/16/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/15/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/14/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/13/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/12/2011 : ----- ----- -----
01/11/2011 : ----- ----- -----

<< ESC key to return to previous menu, SPACE bar to refresh >>

3.1.3 Unit Configuration

¾ Command Path Unit Menu > (C) Unit Configuration

¾ Function Display the unit’s configuration.

Please see appendix C for detailed information of each configuration.

¾ Sample Screen of Unit Configuration:
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 = == Unit Co nfi gura tio n = == 1 5:48 :28 01 /18/ 201 1

FRA ME = ON
CRC = ON
RAI = O FF
CAS = O FF
AIS = O FF
IDL E = D5
Sab it = S a4
SSM = O FF
OOS = 1 000

<< E SC key to ret urn to pre vio us m enu , S PACE ba r t o re fre sh >>

7
 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

3.1.4 Unit Status

¾ Command Path Unit Menu > (I) Unit Status

¾ Function Display the unit’s optical, E1 port and diagnostic status

¾ Sample Screen of Unit Status:
SLOT 2 FOM E1_PORT 1 === Unit Status === 15:52:50 01/18/2011

[------------- LOCAL -------------]

TYPE: FOM-8M-Card
SERIAL NO: 28653

-- OPTICAL --
LOS : YES
LOF : YES
FRAMING ERROR : 0
FRAME CHECKSUM ERROR : 0
EOC-M FRAME CHECKSUM ERROR: 0

-- E1 --
LOF : YES
RCV AIS : NO
RCV RAI : NO
XMT AIS : AIS
XMT RAI : NO
CRC ERROR: 0

-- LOOPBACK STATUS --
OPTICAL LOOPBACK: OFF
E1 LOOPBACK: OFF

-- TEST --
E1 PATTERN TRANSMITTED: OFF

<< ESC key to return to previous menu, SPACE bar to refresh >>

3.1.5 Unit Alarm History

¾ Command Path Unit Menu > (H) Unit Alarm History

¾ Function Display the unit’s alarm history by port

¾ Sample Screen of Unit Alarm History
First, select a port for unit alarm history display. In the sample screen below, we choose the optical port and
press ENTER.
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 = == Unit Al arm His tor y = == 1 6:36 :06 01 /18/ 201 1

>> S ele ct ? *O PTI CAL E1 #1 E1 #2 E1# 3 E1#4

The unit alarm history of the optical port will show up.
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 = == Unit Al arm His tor y = == 1 6:58 :56 01 /18/ 201 1
OPTI CAL
[--- -Al arm Typ e-- --] [Co unt ] [ Stat e] [-S etup -] [Th resh old ]
LOF, LOC AL- OPTI CAL 0 DIS DI SABL E
LOS, LOC AL- OPTI CAL 0 DIS DI SABL E
RAI, LOC AL- OPTI CAL 0 DIS DI SABL E
ES , LO CAL -OPT ICA L 0 DIS DI SABL E 1
SES, LO CAL -OPT ICA L 0 DIS DI SABL E 1
UAS, LO CAL -OPT ICA L 0 DIS DI SABL E 1

<< E SC key to ret urn to pre vio us m enu , S PACE ba r t o re fre sh >>

8
 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

3.1.6 Unit Optical Type

¾ Command Path Unit Menu > (H) Unit Optical Type

¾ Function Display the unit’s optical type

¾ Sample Screen for Unit Optical Type
SLOT 2 FOM E1_PORT 1 === Unit Optical Type === 17:11:24 01/18/2011

OUTLINE : FC
TYPE : Dual-1310
XMT DISTANCE : S(20~49Km)

<< ESC key to return to previous menu, SPACE bar to refresh >>

3.1.7 Unit APSD Configuration

¾ Command Path Unit Menu > (G) Unit APSD Configuration

¾ Function Display the configuration for auto power shut down function
¾ Sample Screen for APSD Configuration
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 = == Uni t AP SD Con figu rat ion === 1 7:13 :56 01 /18/ 201 1

Opti cal AP SD E nab le : OFF

Puls e r epe titi on tim e fo r a uto mati c r est art( sec ) : 300
Manu al Res tart : OFF
Lase r Sta tus : LASE R O N

<< E SC key to ret urn to pre vio us m enu , S PACE ba r t o re fre sh >>
Note: When APSD is in action, any in-band sign go through, it will experience temporarily ON/OFF
matching laser ON/OFF sequence.

9
 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

3.2 System Setup

3.2.1 Unit System Setup

¾ Command Path Unit Menu > (S) Unit System Setup

¾ Function Setup the configuration of the system.

Please see appendix C for detailed information of each configuration.

¾ Configuration

Field Setting Options Default

Frame ON, OFF ON

CRC ON, OFF ON

RAI ON, OFF OFF

AIS ON, OFF OFF

IDLE ON, OFF OFF

Sabit Sa4, Sa5, Sa6, Sa7, Sa8 Sa4

SSM ON, OFF OFF

OOS binary number (0~1) 1000

¾ Setup Procedure
Use arrow keys to move the cursor at a desired item and TAB key to roll up a desired option.
Note: When user does In-band setup, slot 12 (port 4) cannot do unframed mode setup.
SLOT 2 FOM E1_PORT 1 === Unit Setup === 17:19:43 01/18/2011
ARROW KEYS: CURSOR MOVE, TAB: ROLL OPTIONS

FRAME = ON
CRC = ON
RAI = OFF
CAS = OFF
AIS = OFF
IDLE = D5
Sabit = Sa4
SSM = OFF
OOS = 1000

<< Press ESC key to return to previous menu >>

10
 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

3.2.2 Unit Loopback and Test

¾ Command Path Unit Menu > (S) Unit System Setup

¾ Function Setup loopback type and test patterns. 1FOM-A Card supports three loopback
types:

Local Optical Loopback (to line):

1FOM-A Card

Data Host Server

CPU Port or
RTU

Local Optical
Loopback to Line

Local E1 Loopback (to payload):

1FOM-A Card

Data Host Server

CPU Port or
RTU

Local E1 Loopback
to Payload

Local E1 Loopback (to local):

11
 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

¾ Setup Procedure
To do loopback test, press "L" from the "Unit Menu". Both optical and E1 loopbacks of local side and remote
side are available. Users can also enable or disable test pattern sending through this menu. The current
selection will be highlighted by an asterisk (*).
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 === Un it L oop bac k an d T est === 1 7:25 :14 01 /18/ 201 1
ARRO W K EYS : C URS OR MOVE , ENT ER K EY : I TEM SEL ECT

LOCA L OPT ICAL LO OPB ACK: *O FF LIN E

LOCA L E1 LO OPB ACK: *O FF LOC AL PA YLOA D
ACCE PT REM OTE LO OPB ACK: *E NAB LE DIS ABL E
SEND TE ST PATT ERN : *O FF ON

<< P res s E SC k ey to retu rn to prev iou s m enu >>

3.2.3 Unit Alarm Setup

¾ Command Path Unit Menu > (M) Unit Alarm Setup

¾ Function Setup loopback type and test patterns

¾ Configuration

Field Setting Options Default

LOF,LOCAL-OPTICAL

LOS,LOCAL-OPTICAL Major

Critical Disable
RAI,LOCAL-OPTICAL
Minor
ES , LOCAL-OPTICAL
Disable
SES, LOCAL-OPTICAL

UAS, LOCAL-OPTICAL

12
 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

¾ Setup Procedure
Select a port for alarm setup.
SLOT 2 FOM E1_PORT 1 === Unit Alarm Setup === 17:28:35 01/18/2011

>> Select ? *OPTICAL E1#1 E1#2 E1#3 E1#4

The following screen will appear. This menu is used to set major alarm, critical alarm, minor alarm, or disable
alarm for optical and E1's alarm types.
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 === Uni t A lar m Se tup == = 1 5:44 :28 01 /19/ 201 1
ARRO W K EYS : CU RSO R M OVE, TA B: ROLL OP TIO NS
OPTI CAL
[--- --- TYP E--- --- -] [THR ESH OLD ] [A LAR M]
LOF, LOC AL- OPTI CAL DI SAB LE
LOS, LOC AL- OPTI CAL DI SAB LE
RAI, LOC AL- OPTI CAL DI SAB LE
ES , LO CAL -OPT ICA L 00 1 DI SAB LE
SES, LO CAL -OPT ICA L 00 1 DI SAB LE
UAS, LO CAL -OPT ICA L 00 1 DI SAB LE

<< P res s E SC k ey to retu rn to prev iou s m enu >>

3.2.4 Unit APSD Setup

¾ Command Path Unit Menu > (J) Unit APSD Setup

¾ Function Setup APSD (Automatic Power Shutdown) function

¾ Configuration

Field Setting Options Default

Optical APSD Enable ON, OFF OFF

Pulse repetition time for automatic restart (sec) 100~300 300

¾ Setup Procedure
Press "J" from the "Unit Menu" to set up APSD (automatic power shut down) function. This menu is used to
enable or disable optical APSD function, manual restart, and laser. Users are also allowed to set up
automatic restart time for pulse repetition.
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 === Uni t A PSD Set up === 1 8:11 :58 01 /18/ 201 1
ARRO W K EYS : CU RSO R M OVE, TA B: ROLL OP TIO NS

Opti cal AP SD E nab le : OFF

Puls e r epe titi on tim e fo r a uto mati c r est art( sec ) : 300
Manu al Res tart : OFF
Lase r Sta tus : LASE R O N

<< P res s E SC k ey to retu rn to prev iou s m enu >>

13
 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

3.2.5 Clear Unit Alarm History

To clear alarm history, press "X" from the "Unit Menu". Then press "Y" to confirm or "N" to abort.
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 === Uni t M enu === 1 8:12 :12 01 /18/ 201 1

Vers ion : HW FP GA V er. E P CB V er. A

[DIS PLA Y] [SET UP]

1 -> Un it 1-Ho ur Per f. R epo rt S -> Un it Syst em Set up
2 -> Un it 24-H our Pe rf. Rep ort L -> Un it Loop bac k a nd T est
C -> Un it Conf igu rat ion M -> Un it Alar m S etu p
I -> Un it Stat us J -> Un it APSD Se tup
H -> Un it Alar m H ist ory X -> Cl ear Uni t A lar m Hi sto ry
T -> Un it Opti cal Ty pe A -> Cl ear E1 CRC Er ror
G -> Un it APSD Co nfi gura tio n B -> Cl ear Opt ica l E rror

[LOG ] [MIS C]
U -> Ch oos e Ot her Sl ot Y -> Un it Load De fau lt C onf ig
P -> Ch oos e FO M E 1 P ort R -> Cl ear All Er ror Cou nte rs
F -> Lo g O ff [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu K -> Un it Clea r P erf orma nce Da ta
O -> Lo g O n [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu
E -> Re tur n to Co ntr olle r M ain Men u

>> C lea r a larm hi sto ry - ar e y ou s ure ? [Y/N ]

3.2.6 Unit E1 CRC Error

To clear E1 CRC error, press "A" from the "Unit Menu". Then press "Y" to confirm or "N" to abort.
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 === Uni t M enu === 1 8:12 :12 01 /18/ 201 1

Vers ion : HW FP GA V er. E P CB V er. A

[DIS PLA Y] [SET UP]

1 -> Un it 1-Ho ur Per f. R epo rt S -> Un it Syst em Set up
2 -> Un it 24-H our Pe rf. Rep ort L -> Un it Loop bac k a nd T est
C -> Un it Conf igu rat ion M -> Un it Alar m S etu p
I -> Un it Stat us J -> Un it APSD Se tup
H -> Un it Alar m H ist ory X -> Cl ear Uni t A lar m Hi sto ry
T -> Un it Opti cal Ty pe A -> Cl ear E1 CRC Er ror
G -> Un it APSD Co nfi gura tio n B -> Cl ear Opt ica l E rror

[LOG ] [MIS C]
U -> Ch oos e Ot her Sl ot Y -> Un it Load De fau lt C onf ig
P -> Ch oos e FO M E 1 P ort R -> Cl ear All Er ror Cou nte rs
F -> Lo g O ff [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu K -> Un it Clea r P erf orma nce Da ta
O -> Lo g O n [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu
E -> Re tur n to Co ntr olle r M ain Men u

>> C lea r E 1 CR C E rro r - are yo u su re ? [ Y/N]

14
 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

3.2.7 Clear Optical Error

To clear optical error, press "B" from the "Unit Menu". Then use TAB key to select "ALL", "FE", "FCS", or
"EOC".
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 === Uni t M enu === 1 8:12 :12 01 /18/ 201 1

Vers ion : HW FP GA V er. E P CB V er. A

[DIS PLA Y] [SET UP]

1 -> Un it 1-Ho ur Per f. R epo rt S -> Un it Syst em Set up
2 -> Un it 24-H our Pe rf. Rep ort L -> Un it Loop bac k a nd T est
C -> Un it Conf igu rat ion M -> Un it Alar m S etu p
I -> Un it Stat us J -> Un it APSD Se tup
H -> Un it Alar m H ist ory X -> Cl ear Uni t A lar m Hi sto ry
T -> Un it Opti cal Ty pe A -> Cl ear E1 CRC Er ror
G -> Un it APSD Co nfi gura tio n B -> Cl ear Opt ica l E rror

[LOG ] [MIS C]
U -> Ch oos e Ot her Sl ot Y -> Un it Load De fau lt C onf ig
P -> Ch oos e FO M E 1 P ort R -> Cl ear All Er ror Cou nte rs
F -> Lo g O ff [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu K -> Un it Clea r P erf orma nce Da ta
O -> Lo g O n [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu
E -> Re tur n to Co ntr olle r M ain Men u

>> U se TAB key to se lect , a nd ENTE R k ey to c lea r e rror co unt er: ALL

After done with the selection of the above menu, press ENTER to clear error counter. Then press "Y" to
confirm or "N" to abort.
SLOT C FOM E1_ POR T 1 === Uni t M enu === 1 7:42 :47 04 /19/ 200 5

Vers ion : HW FP GA V er. A P CB V er. A

[DIS PLA Y] [SET UP]

C -> Un it Conf igu rat ion S -> Un it Syst em Set up
I -> Un it Stat us L -> Un it Loop bac k a nd T est
H -> Un it Alar m H ist ory M -> Un it Alar m S etu p
T -> Un it Opti cal Ty pe J -> Un it APSD Se tup
G -> Un it APSD Co nfi gura tio n X -> Cl ear Uni t A lar m Hi sto ry
A -> Cl ear E1 CRC Er ror
B -> Cl ear Opt ica l E rror

[LOG ] [MIS C]
U -> Ch oos e Ot her Sl ot Y -> Un it Load De fau lt C onf ig
P -> Ch oos e FO M E 1 P ort R -> Cl ear All Er ror Cou nte rs
F -> Lo g O ff [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu
O -> Lo g O n [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu
E -> Re tur n to Co ntr olle r M ain Men u

>> C lea r A LL C OUN TER S - are yo u su re ? [ Y/N]

15
 CHAPTER 3 TERMINAL OPERATION

3.2.8 Unit Load Default Config

To return to default, press "Y" from the "Unit Menu". Then press "Y" to confirm or "N" to abort.
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 === Uni t M enu === 1 8:15 :33 01 /18/ 201 1

Vers ion : HW FP GA V er. E P CB V er. A

[DI SPL AY] [SE TUP ]

1 -> Un it 1-Ho ur Per f. R epo rt S -> Un it Syst em Set up
2 -> Un it 24-H our Pe rf. Rep ort L -> Un it Loop bac k a nd T est
C -> Un it Conf igu rat ion M -> Un it Alar m S etu p
I -> Un it Stat us J -> Un it APSD Se tup
H -> Un it Alar m H ist ory X -> Cl ear Uni t A lar m Hi sto ry
T -> Un it Opti cal Ty pe A -> Cl ear E1 CRC Er ror
G -> Un it APSD Co nfi gura tio n B -> Cl ear Opt ica l E rror

[LOG ] [MIS C]
U -> Ch oos e Ot her Sl ot Y -> Un it Load De fau lt C onf ig
P -> Ch oos e FO M E 1 P ort R -> Cl ear All Er ror Cou nte rs
F -> Lo g O ff [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu K -> Un it Clea r P erf orma nce Da ta
O -> Lo g O n [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu
E -> Re tur n to Co ntr olle r M ain Men u

>> R etu rn to d efa ult - a re you sur e ? [Y /N]

Note: When you load the default configuration, the current daughter card map will not be
cleared.
3.2.9 Clear All Error Counters
To clear all error counter for local side or remote side, press "R" from the "Unit Menu". Use TAB key to select
"LOCAL" or "REMOTE". After done the selection, press ENTER to clear error counter. Then press "Y" to
confirm or "N" to abort.
SLOT 2 FO M E1 _PO RT 1 === Uni t M enu === 1 8:15 :33 01 /18/ 201 1

Vers ion : HW FP GA V er. E P CB V er. A

[DIS PLA Y] [SET UP]

1 -> Un it 1-Ho ur Per f. R epo rt S -> Un it Syst em Set up
2 -> Un it 24-H our Pe rf. Rep ort L -> Un it Loop bac k a nd T est
C -> Un it Conf igu rat ion M -> Un it Alar m S etu p
I -> Un it Stat us J -> Un it APSD Se tup
H -> Un it Alar m H ist ory X -> Cl ear Uni t A lar m Hi sto ry
T -> Un it Opti cal Ty pe A -> Cl ear E1 CRC Er ror
G -> Un it APSD Co nfi gura tio n B -> Cl ear Opt ica l E rror

[LOG ] [MIS C]
U -> Ch oos e Ot her Sl ot Y -> Un it Load De fau lt C onf ig
P -> Ch oos e FO M E 1 P ort R -> Cl ear All Er ror Cou nte rs
F -> Lo g O ff [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu K -> Un it Clea r P erf orma nce Da ta
O -> Lo g O n [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu
E -> Re tur n to Co ntr olle r M ain Men u

>> U se TAB key to se lect , a nd ENTE R k ey to c lea r e rror co unt er: LOC AL

16
 CHAPTER 4 Appendix A: Setup Procedures for 1 + 1 Protection

3.2.10 Unit Clear Performance Data

To clear the performance data, press “K” from the “Unit Menu”. A prompt will ask for your
confirmation. Press “Y” to confirm.
SLOT 2 FOM E1_PORT 1 === Unit Menu === 18:15:33 01/18/2011

Vers ion : HW FP GA V er. E P CB V er. A

[DIS PLA Y] [SET UP]

1 -> Un it 1-Ho ur Per f. R epo rt S -> Un it Syst em Set up
2 -> Un it 24-H our Pe rf. Rep ort L -> Un it Loop bac k a nd T est
C -> Un it Conf igu rat ion M -> Un it Alar m S etu p
I -> Un it Stat us J -> Un it APSD Se tup
H -> Un it Alar m H ist ory X -> Cl ear Uni t A lar m Hi sto ry
T -> Un it Opti cal Ty pe A -> Cl ear E1 CRC Er ror
G -> Un it APSD Co nfi gura tio n B -> Cl ear Opt ica l E rror

[LOG ] [MIS C]
U -> Ch oos e Ot her Sl ot Y -> Un it Load De fau lt C onf ig
P -> Ch oos e FO M E 1 P ort R -> Cl ear All Er ror Cou nte rs
F -> Lo g O ff [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu K -> Un it Clea r P erf orma nce Da ta
O -> Lo g O n [ SET UP] ,[MI SC] Me nu
E -> Re tur n to Co ntr olle r M ain Men u

>> C lea r P erfo rma nce Dat a - ar e yo u s ure ? [ Y/N ]

4. Appendix A: Setup Procedures for 1 + 1 Protection

Follow the command path: Controller menu> (S) System Setup > (G) Link Backup Function to access 1+1
protection setup. A screen as below will show up. To set link1 and link2 for 1+1 protection, select “ON” for the
backup function for both link 1and link 2. Under link 1, select “link 2” as its backup link (see the highlighted
section). The 1+1 protection setup is then complete.

LOOP AM3440-A === System Setup (Backup) === 16:11:01 01/24/2011

ARROW KEYS: CURSOR MOVE, TAB: ROLL OPTIONS

Backup function : ON
Mode : non-revertible

Link : Link-A Link-B Link-C Link-D Link-1 Link-2 Link-3 Link-4

Model : FOM FOM FOM FOM
=========== ==============================================================
Backup Link : ------ ------ ------ ------ Link-2 ------ ------ ------
Backup Fun : OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF
Link Status : Normal Normal Normal Normal Work Idle Normal Normal
Force Switch:

Link : Link-5 Link-6 Link-7 Link-8 Link-9 Link10 Link11 Link12

Model : FOM FOM 3E1
=========== ==============================================================
Backup Link : ----- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Backup Fun : OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
Link Status : Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal
Force Switch: NO

Note!! Please check both backup link have the same FRAME and CAS setting.

17
 CHAPTER 4 Appendix A: Setup Procedures for 1 + 1 Protection

The following diagrams provide an overview for 1+1 backup application:

Figure 4-1 Application for 1+1 Protection: non-revertible mode

18
 CHAPTER 4 Appendix A: Setup Procedures for 1 + 1 Protection

* Backup function: On
* Mode: revertible 1FOM-A card 1 + 1 Protection
* Backup Link: Link 2

Before Link 1 fails -

Backup function: On
Mode: revertible
Backup Link: Link 1
Link status for Link 1 : Slot A's 1FOM-A card is working
Link status for Link 2 : Slot B's 1FOM-A card is idle
Map: Link 1 map to Link 3, Link 2 map to Link 4

AM3440 AM3440
TSI TSI
(E1) (1FOM-A) (1FOM-A) (E1)
Link 1 Link 1 Link 3
Link 3

(E1) (1FOM-A) (1FOM-A) (E1)

Link 4 Link 2 Link 2 Link 4

When Link 1 fails - 1 2 3

Backup function: On
Mode: revertible
Backup Link: Link 1 (when Link 1 is idle)
Link status for Link 1 : Slot 1's 1FOM-A card is idle
Link status for Link 2 : Slot 2's 1FOM-A card is working
Map: Exchange 1, 2 map
Link 1 map to Link 4, Link 2 map to Link 3

AM3440 AM3440
TSI 1 3 TSI
(E1) (1FOM-A) fail idle (1FOM-A) (E1)
Link 3 Link 1 Link 1 Link 3
2 2 2
(1FOM-A) (1FOM-A) (E1)
(E1) working
Link 2 Link 2 Link 4
Link 4

When Link 1 recovers - 4 5

Backup function: On
Mode: revertible
Backup Link: Link 2 (when Link 1 recovers)
Link status for Link 1 : Slot A's FOM card is working
Link status for Link 2 : Slot B's FOM card is idle
Map: Exchange 1, 2 map
Link 1 map to Link 3, Link 2 map to Link 4

AM3440 AM3440
TSI 4 4 TSI
(E1) (1FOM-A) recover ......working (1FOM-A) 4 (E1)
Link 3 Link 1 Link 1 Link 3
5
(E1) (1FOM-A) idle (1FOM-A) (E1)
Link 4 Link 2 Link 2 Link 4

Figure 4-2 Application for 1+1 Protection: revertible mode

19
 CHAPTER 5 Appendix B: Setup Procedures for Ring Protection

5. Appendix B: Setup Procedures for Ring Protection

5.1 Overview
In a PDH Shared Protection Ring, each line is split in two directions. The working line (outside line in the
diagram below) travels in a counter-clockwise direction. The protection line (inside line) travels in a clockwise
direction.

While the is no theoretical limit to the number of nodes in a ring, each node needs 2-3 seconds to stabilize
SSM clock switching after a break occurs. In our sample diagram below we have used five nodes.

Note: ULSR ring does not suport E1 unframe mode. Users must use E1 frame mode to set up a ULSR ring.

Figure 5-1 Application Diagram for Ring Protection

20
 CHAPTER 5 Appendix B: Setup Procedures for Ring Protection

5.2 Setup Instructions

1. Nodes
Set up four nodes, each of which consists of a Loop-AM3440-A device equipped with four
1FOM-A cards. Each of these nodes will be referred to as Slaves.
2. Master Unit
Set up a Master unit, which consists of a Loop-AM3440-A device equipped with three
1FOM-A cards, and a single Router card.
3. VT-100
Each AM3440-A can be set up individually using a VT-100 monitor.
4. Clocks
The clocks must be set up on each of the AM3440 units. If you have no SSM source at the
MASTER unit, set the clock for this unit at NORMAL. SLAVE units must have their clock
set at SSM.

For the master unit, Press K from the controller menu to access Clock Source Setup.
LOOP AM3440-A === System Setup (CLOCK-Normal Mode) === 15:16:51 03/24/2006
ARROW KEYS: CURSOR MOVE, TAB: ROLL OPTIONS

Master_Clk Source : INTERNAL

Second_Clk Source : INTERNAL
Current Clock : MASTER_CLK
Clk_Recover_Mode : MANUAL
Clock Status : NORMAL
Ext. Clock Type : E1

<< Press ESC key to return to previous menu >>

Then, follow the same command path and set up the clocks on the SLAVE units as shown in
the screen below.
LOOP AM3440-A === System Setup (CLOCK-SSM Mode) === 15:19:39 03/24/2006
ARROW KEYS: CURSOR MOVE, TAB: ROLL OPTIONS

First Clock Source : SLOT_1 P1

Second Clock Source : SLOT_1 P2
Third Clock Source : NONE
Current Clock : FIRST_CLK
Clock Status : NORMAL

<< Press ESC key to return to previous menu >>

21
 CHAPTER 5 Appendix B: Setup Procedures for Ring Protection

5. SSM Function
On the Port System Setup screen, select ON for SSM option. This setting is highlighted on the
sample setup screen below.

SLOT 2 FOM E1_PORT 1 === Unit Setup === 10:36:55 01/26/2011

ARROW KEYS: CURSOR MOVE, TAB: ROLL OPTIONS

FRAME = ON
CRC = ON
RAI = OFF
CAS = OFF
AIS = OFF
IDLE = D5
Sabit = Sa4
SSM = ON
OOS = 1000

<< Press ESC key to return to previous menu >>

6. TSI Function
The TSI function for all the AM3440 devices on the ring must be set at 1: N (Multicast). Follow
the command path: Controller menu> (S) System Setup> (A) System. The TSI setting is
highlighted on the sample setup screen below.
LOOP AM3440-A === System Setup (SYSTEM) === 11:28:07 01/26/2011
ARROW KEYS: CURSOR MOVE, TAB: ROLL OPTIONS
[System]
Time/Date : 11:28:08 01/26/2011
Device Name : LOOP AM3440-A

[Network]
NI EN IPAddress SubnetMask Frame LB Timer
LAN :OFF 000.000.000.000 000.000.000.000 Ethernet
WAN :OFF 000.000.000.000 000.000.000.000 HDLC 00000001
Gateway Interface: LAN Gateway IPAddr: 000.000.000.000

[CONSOLE port]
Baud Rate : 9600
Data Length : 8-Bits
Stop Bit : 1-Bit
Parity : NONE
XON_XOFF : XOFF

[TSI map]
TSI Function : 1:N(Multicast) Clock Mode : Normal
Idle Signalling: 1010

<< Press ESC key to return to previous menu >>

22
 CHAPTER 5 Appendix B: Setup Procedures for Ring Protection

7. Map Setup
You must do your mapping for the Master Unit. This is a sample TSI map for the Master unit.
The source port is Slot1, Port 3 and the target port is Slot2, port 1.
LOOP AM3440-A === System Setup (MAP) === 15:20:40 03/24/2006
ARROW KEYS: CURSOR MOVE, TAB: ROLL OPTIONS
MAP NO: MAP_1
Target FOM NON-CAS Source FOM v c NON-CAS
Target PO/TS D SL/PO TS PO/TS D SL/PO TS PO/TS D SL/PO TS PO/TS D SL/PO TS
Slot : 2 ===== ========== ===== ========== ===== ========== ===== ==========
Port : P1 1 1 d 1 3 1 1 17 d 1 3 17 3 1 d 1 2 1 3 17 d 1 2 17
T.S. : 01 1 2 d 1 3 2 1 18 d 1 3 18 3 2 d 1 2 2 3 18 d 1 2 18
1 3 d 1 3 3 1 19 d 1 3 19 3 3 d 1 2 3 3 19 d 1 2 19
1 4 d 1 3 4 1 20 d 1 3 20 3 4 d 1 2 4 3 20 d 1 2 20
T.S.# : 31 1 5 d 1 3 5 1 21 d 1 3 21 3 5 d 1 2 5 3 21 d 1 2 21
Clear : No 1 6 d 1 3 6 1 22 d 1 3 22 3 6 d 1 2 6 3 22 d 1 2 22
d/v : d 1 7 d 1 3 7 1 23 d 1 3 23 3 7 d 1 2 7 3 23 d 1 2 23
1 8 d 1 3 8 1 24 d 1 3 24 3 8 d 1 2 8 3 24 d 1 2 24
1 9 d 1 3 9 1 25 d 1 3 25 3 9 d 1 2 9 3 25 d 1 2 25
Source 1 10 d 1 3 10 1 26 d 1 3 26 3 10 d 1 2 10 3 26 d 1 2 26
Slot : 1 1 11 d 1 3 11 1 27 d 1 3 27 3 11 d 1 2 11 3 27 d 1 2 27
Port : P3 1 12 d 1 3 12 1 28 d 1 3 28 3 12 d 1 2 12 3 28 d 1 2 28
T.S. : 01 1 13 d 1 3 13 1 29 d 1 3 29 3 13 d 1 2 13 3 29 d 1 2 29
1 14 d 1 3 14 1 30 d 1 3 30 3 14 d 1 2 14 3 30 d 1 2 30
Confirm?Yes 1 15 d 1 3 15 1 31 d 1 3 31 3 15 d 1 2 15 3 31 d 1 2 31
1 16 d 1 3 16 3 16 d 1 2 16

<< Press ESC to return to Controller Setup menu, then Press D to active >>

8. Ring Enabling
To set up PDH Ring Protection, follow the command path: Controller Menu> (S) System Setup >
(R) PDH Ring Protection. The PDH Ring Protection screen will appear. Enable the 1FOM-A port
for PDH ring setup.
LOOP AM3440-A === PDH Ring Protection === 14:26:00 01/26/2011
ARROW KEYS: CURSOR MOVE, TAB: ROLL OPTIONS
PDH Ring Protection: DISABLE
Switching Interval : 05 Station : MASTER

Slot(Model) Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4

============== ======= ======= ======= =======
A ( ) ------- ------- ------- -------
B ( ) ------- ------- ------- -------
C ( ) ------- ------- ------- -------
D ( ) ------- ------- ------- -------
1 ( ) ------- ------- ------- -------
2 (FOM ) ENABLE ENABLE ENABLE ENABLE
3 ( ) ------- ------- ------- -------
4 ( ) ------- ------- ------- -------
5 ( ) ------- ------- ------- -------

<< Press ESC key to return to previous menu >>

You must now repeat steps 7 and 8 for each of the AM3440-A Slave units in order to
complete the PDH Shared Protection Ring setup procedure.

23
 CHAPTER 6 Appendix C: Alarm Model and Alarm Type

6. Appendix C: Alarm Model and Alarm Type

6.1 ccAlarmModel: Plug-in card model type

Table 6-1 Alarm Model Number
Card Type Model Number Card Description
Fom 29 Fiber optical interface

6.2 ccAlarmType: Unit alarm

ccAlarmType for unit alarm has two formats: Vendor Spec and Assigned. Vendor Spec is the
original format that displays only the alarm number. Assigned is the new format that displays
the alarm type description. Select the format in V1: Trap Setup (Command Path: Main
Menu> (S) System Setup >(S) SNMP Setup > (B) V1: Trap Setup). The alarm type on the
SNMP screen will show in the format that you choose.
Table 6-2 Alarm Type Number
Vendor Spec Assigned Alarm type
20 fom-opt-local-lof (601) LOF,LOCAL-OPTICAL
21 fom-opt-local-los (602) LOS,LOCAL-OPTICAL
22 fom-opt-local-rai (603) RAI,LOCAL-OPTICAL
23 fom-opt-remote-lof(604) LOF,REMOTE-OPTICAL
24 fom-opt-remote-los(605) LOS,REMOTE-OPTICAL
25 fom-opt-local-es (606) ES, LOCAL-OPTICAL
26 fom-opt-local-ses (607) SES, LOCAL-OPTICAL
27 fom-opt-local-uas (608) UAS, LOCAL-OPTICAL
36 fom-e1-local-lof (617) LOF, LOCAL-E1
37 fom-e1-remote-lof (618) LOF, REMOTE-E1
38 fom-e1-local-es (619) ES, LOCAL-E1
39 fom-e1-local-ses (620) SES, LOCAL-E1
40 fom-e1-local-uas (621) UAS, LOCAL-E1
41 fom-e1-local-bpv (622) BPV, LOCAL-E1

24
 CHAPTER 7 Appendix D: Unit System Setup Configuration

7 Appendix D: Unit System Setup Configuration

7.1 Frame

The frame format is ITU G.704. Either 2-frame, or 16-frame can be selected and the frame
structure goes with CRC setting. To use 2-frame structure, select ON for Frame and OFF for
CRC. To use 16-frame structure, select ON for Frame and ON for CRC.

7.2 CRC

E1 can be used in two frame or multi-frame mode. Choose CRC OFF for 2-frame, and CRC
ON for 16-frame. The cyclic redundancy check function can be turned ON or OFF. Unlike
bipolar violation, which can monitor only one span, CRC allows error monitoring through
multiple spans of DS0 lines. If CAS is ON, an 16-frame structure is used, which is independent
of the 16-frame structure for CRC. A proprietary facility data link is implemented in both modes
to facilitate remote system control and performance and statistics monitoring.

7.3 RAI

Remote Alarm Indication (RAI) transmits a return signal back out to indicate loss of signal and
loss of frame sync at the receiving side of the port. This action can be turned ON or OFF.

7.4 CAS

For voice channels, the signaling information, which included such signals as on-hook, and
ringing, can be carried by two methods. One is by a completely independent channel
managed by the system operator, in which case no action is needed by the local equipment
(CAS is OFF). Another is by CAS where the signaling information is carried in the same bit
stream as the voice channel. In this second method, for time slot interchange, the signaling
bits must be routed along with the voice channels to the proper destination. Thus the
Loop-AM3440 must be told, when CAS is used, to turn the CAS option to ON.

CAS (Channel-Associated Signaling) is a method for sending signaling information where time
slot 16 of the E1 format is shared for each of 30 other time slots within the same E1. OFF
designation is for CAS disabled. When disabled, the 256N multi-frame is used when time slot
16 is available to the user. The maximum number of time slots available for payload is 31.
ON designation is for CAS enabled. When enabled, the 256S multi-frame is used when time
slot 16 is reserved for the transmission for end-to-end signaling using CAS. The maximum
number of times slots available for payload is then 30.

25
 CHAPTER 7 Appendix D: Unit System Setup Configuration

7.5 AIS

AIS, alarm indication signal, notifies the far end when one of the following conditions occurs.
One condition is when a loopback and diagnostic test are in progress. Thus customer signals
are blocked. The other is when an alarm (LOS, LOF, AIS, RAI) occur on received site. The AIS
can be sent two ways. In the framed mode, all time slots will have all ones sent but the framing
pattern will be preserved. In the unframed mode, all ones are sent for all time slots.
When all ones are sent in both directions for a given port, due to the TSI (time slot interchange)
within the Loop-AM4300, the corresponding time slots in other ports will also have all ones.

7.6 Idle Code

Any DS0 time slot, which is not assigned to a DTE port, is an idle time slot. An idle code is
transmitted on idle DS0 time slots. The idle time slot may be programmed to any bit pattern
from 0x00 to 0xFF. (The prefix 0x is to indicate that hex follows.)
NOTE: Due to ones-density requirement, it is advised that idle code to be set as 0xD5.
Otherwise, the idle code must be programmed to contain at least two bits of '1'.

7.7 Facility Data Link

This FDL, for E1 only, can be turned ON or OFF. The Sa-bit (Sa4-Sa8) can be set to select
FDL channel. In the ITU G.704 specifications, within Time Slot 0 of the E1 format, five bits are
designated as "National Bits.” These bits can be used by each national network as
appropriate. These bits are called Sa4, Sa5, Sa6, Sa7, and Sa8. For the Loop products, Sa4
is the default bit for use as EOC (embedded operational channel) between any two Loop
products. Using this channel, remote configuration commands and performance data are
passed between the two units.

7.8 OOS: Out of Service Signaling

For normal CGA option, when failure of the facility occurs, if there are calls in progress, the
billing system should be notified to stop charging the customer at the time of facility failure. The
1FOMA interface provides idle/busy/AIS sequences to suit the network needs. The signaling
bit for BUSY is 1101, for IDLE is 0001, for AIS is 1111, and for default is 1000.

26