ANIMAL KINGDOM

PHYLA PORIFERA COELEN TERATA CTENOPHORA PLATYHELMINTHES NEMATODA ANNELIDA ARTHROPODA MOLLUSCA ECHINODERMATA
OR OR OR
CNIDARIA ACNIDARIA ASCHEL./NEMAT.
CHARACTERS
Common feature Pore bearing Have Cnidoblast for Comb Jellies Flat Worms Round Worm or Have Rings (Annuli) Jointed Soft Body Spiny Skin
(sponges) offense and defense Thread Worm Appendages
Flukes Tape worm
Habit & Habitat Sessile Marine Marine Marine Aquatic / Terrestrial Aquatic / Terrestrial / Air Aquatic / Marine
Aquatic Aquatic Free living / Parasite Free living / Parasite Terrestrial
Fresh Fresh
Body Organisation Cellular Tissue grade Organ grade Organ System grade
Symmetry Mostly Radial symmetric Bilateral symmetric Bilateral but in Bilateral [Larva]
Asymmetrical some Asymmetrical Pentamerous Radial
due to Torsion [Adult]
Germ Layer Diploblastic Triploblastic
Coelom Acoelomate Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate Schizocoelomate Enterocoelomate
Fate of Blastopore Protostomes [Mouth First] Deuterostomes[Anus First]
Segmentation Absent Absent Absent Pseudometameric Absent Metameric External Metameric Absent except Absent
Segmentation (External Segmantaion) Neopilina
Internal
Body Plan Cell aggregate Blind sac Blind sac Tube within tube
Body Wall / Outer Pinacoderm, Outer epidermis, Tegument, syncytial Cuticle, Syncytial Cuticle, Epidermis Chitinous Exoskeleton CaCO3 Pedicillariae
Covering Mesenchyme, Inner Mesogloea, epidermis, Muscles Epidermis, Muscles L Shell Skin
Choanoderm Inner gastrodermis (only longitudinal) Muscles Conchiolin Spines
C
Digestion Intracellular First extra then Mostly Extracellular with Extracellular with
Intracellular Incomplete alimentary canal Complete alimentary canal Various Mouth parts Radula Incomplete in Brittle star
Respiration Diffusion by By moist skin and gills Gills, Book gills Minute gills(Ctenidia), Dermal branchiae,
surface Book lungs, Tracheae Pulmonary sac Peristomial gills,
Cloacal respiratory tree
Blood Circulation Closed Open, Pigment - Absent Open (Except Open, heart & respiratory
Erythrocruorine Cephalopoda),
Pigments pigment - absent
Chlorocruorin Pigment - Haemocyanin
Excretion Diffusion by Flame cells-NH3 H-shaped excretory Nephridia-NH3 & Urea Green gland, Coxal gland Keber's Organ Or Body Surface
surface-NH3 canals or Renette Malpighian tubules organ of Bojanus
cell-NH3 NH3 & Uric Acid NH3 & Uric acid
Sensory Structure Statocyst for balancing Statocyst Eyes ® Simple & Comp., Eyes, statocyst,
Statocyst (Aquatic), Osphradium (Chemo)
Antennae
Nervous System Only apolar Neurons Ladder like Nerve ring and Nerve ring and Cerebral Reduced & without
(Diffused type) longitudinal nerve ventral, double, solid Paired brain
Pedal
cords ganglionated nerve cord Ganglia
Visceral
Asexual External Budding, Binary fission
Reproduction Budding eg : Planaria
Gemmule
Regeneration Well developed Reduced Well depeloped with
autotomy & Evisceration
Sexual Reproduction Bisexual [Protogynous] Uni/Bisexual Bisexual, External Bisexual except schistosoma Unisexual & show sexual Uni/Bisexual Unisexual Unisexual, External Fert.
& Fertilization Cross & Internal fert. fertilization self/cross, Internal dimorphism, Internal Fert. Internal/ External Fert. Internal/ External Fert.

Larva Amphiblastula Planula [Obelia] Cydippid larva Miracidium, Sporocyst, Rhabditiform and Trochophore larva Catterpiller, Grub Trochophore, Veliger Bipinnaria, Doliolaria etc.
paranchymula Ephyra [Aurelia] Redia, Cercaria, Metacercaria, microfilariae Maggot, Wriggler Glochidium
Onchospere, Hexacanth,
Bladerworm, Cysticercus
Unique Features Canal system and Polymorphism 8 Ciliary comb Dorso-ventrally Pseudocoel, Syncytial Metamericsegmentation, Chitinous exoskeleton, Calcareous Shell, Water Vascular system
Choanocytes plate, Lasso cells, flattened body epidermis and only Setae & Parapodia Jointed appendages, Muscular foot, & tube feet for
Meta
Polyp genesis Medusa Bioluminiscence longitudinal muscles for locomotion Malpighian tubules, Radula locomotion
Cnidoblasts Tracheal system
Example Sycon, Euplectella Hydra, Obelia, Physalia, Pleurobrachia, Planaria, Taenia, fasciola Ascaris, Wuchereria Nereis, Aphrodite, Apis, Bombyx, Laccifer Pila, Pinctada, Sepia Asterias, Echinus
Spongilla, Euspongia Adamsia Pennatula, Ctenoplana hepatica, Schistosoma Ancylostoma Pheretima, Hirudinaria, Anopheles, Culex & Loligo, Octopus, Aplysia Antedon, Cucumeria
Gorgonia, Meandrina Enterobius Aedes, Locusta, Limulus Dentalium, Chaetopluera Ophiura
 CHORDATA : COMPARATIVE FLOW CHART
Character Pisces Amphibians Reptiles Aves Mammals
Habitat Aquatic Amphibius Terrestrial
Respiratory Gills Mainly skin & lungs Lungs
organs
Exoskeleton Dermal scales Usually absent Epidermal scales Feathers Hair, Nails
Body Variable Constant
Temperature (Poikilothermal / Cold blooded) (Homeiothermic or endothermic
or warm blooded)
Kidneys Mesonephric Metanephric
Extra-embryonic Absent (Anamniotes) Present (Amniotes)
membrane
Excretory Urea/NH3 Mainly urea Uric acid Urea
product
1
Heart chambers 2 3 32 4
(venous heart) (except crocodiles)
Circulation Single Mixed double circulation Complete double circulation
Sinus venosus Present Reduced Absent
Conus arteriosus Present Absent
Hepatic portal Present Well developed
system
Renal portal Well developed Reduced Absent
system
Ear Internal Internal + Middle Complete without ear pinna Ear pinna
also present
Ear ossicles Absent Single (Columella auris) 3(Malleus + Incus
+ Stapes)
Skull Mono di Mono condylic Dicondylic
Cranial nerves 10 pairs 12 pairs
Vertebrae Amphicoelus Mainly procelus Heterocoelus Acoelus
or
Amphiplatyan
Goledn age Devonian Carbaniferous Mesozoic Coenozoic era (recent era)
period period era