NATIONAL ENGINEERING COLLEGEDEPARTMENT OF

CSE
19CS63C – INTERNET AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES
QUESTIONS- PREPARATORY TEST 04
Exam Date : 20/03/2025

1. How arrays are declared in PHP? Write a PHP script to demonstrate the usage of associative
array in PHP.

In PHP, arrays can be declared using the array() function or square brackets []. PHP supports three types of
arrays:

1. Indexed Array – Arrays with numeric keys.

2. Associative Array – Arrays with named keys.
3. Multidimensional Array – Arrays that contain another array as an element.

Example: Associative Array in PHP

php
<?php
// Creating an associative array
$student = array(
"name" => "John Doe",
"age" => 22,
"email" => "john@example.com",
"course" => "Computer Science"
);

// Accessing elements
echo "Student Name: " . $student["name"] . "<br>";
echo "Age: " . $student["age"] . "<br>";
echo "Email: " . $student["email"] . "<br>";
echo "Course: " . $student["course"] . "<br>";
?>

Explanation:

• The keys (name, age, email, course) are strings, making it an associative array.
• We use $array_name["key"] to access values.

2. Implement and login form validation with username, password and email fields usingPHP
regular expression.

PHP Regular Expressions (Regex )

Regular expressions are patterns used for string matching.

 • preg_match(pattern, string) is used for validation.

PHP Code for Form Validation

php
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<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
$username = $_POST["username"];
$password = $_POST["password"];
$email = $_POST["email"];

$username_pattern = "/^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{5,15}$/";
$password_pattern = "/^(?=.*[A-Za-z])(?=.*\d)[A-Za-z\d]{6,}$/";
$email_pattern = "/^[a-zA-Z0-9._%-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4}$/";

if (!preg_match($username_pattern, $username)) {
echo "Invalid Username!<br>";
}

if (!preg_match($password_pattern, $password)) {
echo "Invalid Password!<br>";
}

if (!preg_match($email_pattern, $email)) {
echo "Invalid Email!<br>";
} else {
echo "Login Successful!";
}
}
?>
<form method="post">
Username: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
Password: <input type="password" name="password"><br>
Email: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Login">
</form>

3. Create an E-mail registration form using PHP. The form should contain username, password,
Email id, gender, city using various input controls such as textboxes, radio button, combo boxes,
and submit button. When you click the submit button, the form data will be submitted into the
database.
<?php
$conn = new mysqli("localhost", "root", "", "user_db");

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
 $username = $_POST["username"];
$password = password_hash($_POST["password"], PASSWORD_BCRYPT);
$email = $_POST["email"];
$gender = $_POST["gender"];
$city = $_POST["city"];

$query = "INSERT INTO users (username, password, email, gender, city) VALUES ('$username',
'$password', '$email', '$gender', '$city')";

if ($conn->query($query) === TRUE) {

echo "Registration Successful!";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $conn->error;
}
}
?>
<form method="post">
Username: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
Password: <input type="password" name="password"><br>
Email: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
Gender: <input type="radio" name="gender" value="Male"> Male
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="Female"> Female<br>
City: <select name="city">
<option value="New York">New York</option>
<option value="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</option>
</select><br>
<input type="submit" value="Register">
</form>
4. How to create/retrieve and delete a cookie in PHP? Develop a code to demonstrate the concept of
cookies.
A cookie is a small piece of data stored in the user's web browser. It helps websites remember user
preferences and login details for future visits.
• Create a Cookie:
setcookie("name", "value", time() + 3600, "/");
• Retrieve a Cookie:
$_COOKIE["name"];
• Delete a Cookie:
setcookie("name", "", time() - 3600, "/");

<?php
if (isset($_POST['set_cookie'])) {
setcookie("user", "John", time() + 3600, "/");
echo "Cookie 'user' is set!";
} elseif (isset($_POST['get_cookie'])) {
if (isset($_COOKIE["user"])) {
 echo "Welcome, " . $_COOKIE["user"];
} else {
echo "Cookie is not set!";
}
} elseif (isset($_POST['delete_cookie'])) {
setcookie("user", "", time() - 3600, "/");
echo "Cookie 'user' is deleted!";
}
?>
<form method="post">
<button type="submit" name="set_cookie">Set Cookie</button>
<button type="submit" name="get_cookie">Get Cookie</button>
<button type="submit" name="delete_cookie">Delete Cookie</button>
</form>
5. Explain Document Type definition with its syntax. Validate the correctness of the below
XMLdocument using XML DTD with PCDATA and CDATA
<Item>
<StudentID> 010533 </StudentID>
<Name> Ramkumar </Name>
<Nationality> 01 </Nationality>
<Gender> L </Gender>
<State> 14 </State>
<Result> 2.60 </Result>
</Item>

DTD (Document Type Definition) defines the structure, elements, and attributes of an XML document. It
ensures that XML data follows a specific format, making it valid and consistent.

1. Syntax of DTD

DTD can be defined in two ways:

1. Internal DTD – Defined within the XML file.

2. External DTD – Stored in a separate .dtd file and linked to the XML file.

Internal DTD for Given XML Document:

xml
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE Item [
<!ELEMENT Item (StudentID, Name, Nationality, Gender, State, Result)>
<!ELEMENT StudentID (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Name (#PCDATA)>
 <!ELEMENT Nationality (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT State (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Result (#PCDATA)>
]>
<Item>
<StudentID>010533</StudentID>
<Name>Ramkumar</Name>
<Nationality>01</Nationality>
<Gender>L</Gender>
<State>14</State>
<Result>2.60</Result>
</Item>
External DTD (student.dtd) for Given XML Document:
xml
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<!ELEMENT Item (StudentID, Name, Nationality, Gender, State, Result)>
<!ELEMENT StudentID (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Nationality (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT State (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Result (#PCDATA)>
XML File (student.xml) Referencing External DTD:
xml
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE Item SYSTEM "student.dtd">
<Item>
<StudentID>010533</StudentID>
<Name>Ramkumar</Name>
<Nationality>01</Nationality>
<Gender>L</Gender>
<State>14</State>
<Result>2.60</Result>
</Item>

6. Explain XML Scheme Definition with its syntax. Validate the correctness of the below XML
document using XSD (XML Scheme Definition).
XML Schema Definition (XSD) Explanation

XML Schema Definition (XSD) is used to define the structure and rules for an XML document. It ensures that
the XML document follows a predefined format by specifying:

• Elements and attributes

• Data types (string, integer, boolean, etc.)
• Restrictions on values (e.g., min/max length, patterns)
• Required or optional fields

XSD for the Given XML Document

xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:element name="studentsList">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="student" maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="firstName" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="lastName" type="xs:string"/>
 <xs:element name="certificate" type="xs:boolean"/>
<xs:element name="scores">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="module1" type="xs:integer"/>
<xs:element name="module12" type="xs:decimal"/>
<xs:element name="module3" type="xs:integer"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:integer" use="required"/>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>

Validation of the Given XML Document

Issues in the Given XML Document

1. Attribute Name Mismatch:

o In the first <student> element, the ID attribute is named id="1", but in the second <student>, it is
ind="2" instead of id="2".
o Fix: Rename ind to id.
2. Data Type Mismatch:
o The <certificate> value is "True", but XSD defines it as xs:boolean.
o Fix: Use true or false in lowercase.

Corrected XML Document

xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<studentsList>
<student id="1">
<firstName>Greg</firstName>
<lastName>Dean</lastName>
<certificate>true</certificate>
<scores>
<module1>70</module1>
<module12>80</module12>
<module3>90</module3>
</scores>
 </student>
<student id="2">
<firstName>Wirt</firstName>
<lastName>Wood</lastName>
<certificate>true</certificate>
<scores>
<module1>80</module1>
<module12>80.2</module12>
<module3>80</module3>
</scores>
</student>
</studentsList>

7. Implement the XML document for student object and represent the student data as tableview using
XSL.
XML Document (student.xml)
xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="student.xsl"?>
<Students>
<Student>
<ID>010533</ID>
<Name>Ramkumar</Name>
<Nationality>India</Nationality>
<Gender>Male</Gender>
<State>Tamil Nadu</State>
<Result>2.60</Result>
</Student>
<Student>
<ID>010534</ID>
<Name>Anjali</Name>
<Nationality>India</Nationality>
<Gender>Female</Gender>
<State>Karnataka</State>
<Result>3.50</Result>
</Student>
</Students>

XSL Document (student.xsl)

xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
 <html>
<head>
<title>Student Data</title>
<style>
table { width: 50%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; }
th, td { border: 1px solid black; padding: 8px; text-align: left; }
th { background-color: #f2f2f2; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Student Data</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Nationality</th>
<th>Gender</th>
<th>State</th>
<th>Result</th>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="Students/Student">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="ID"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="Name"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="Nationality"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="Gender"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="State"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="Result"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>