1) corner column

at axis d-s on the etabs and c-4

at 4th floor
11.46kNm 196.6kN

10.97kNm

Cross section 200x500

C20/25
S -400
Length of column=3.4m
Length of span(beam)=4.5m

Solution
Step 1: Material characteristics
0⋅ 85∗20 400
f =
= cd =11.33 MPa f yd = =347.83 Mpa
1 ⋅5 1 ⋅15
step 2: check the slenderness limit
λ 20 ABC
lim ¿= ¿
√η
Take A=0.7 and B=1.1 and c=1.7−γ m

m01 −10 ⋅97

Where γ m= = =−0 ⋅957 , C=1.7 — 0.957=2⋅657
m02 11⋅4 σ

N sd 196 ⋅6 × 10
3
η= = =0 ⋅174
A C f Cd 11⋅33 ×200 × 500
 λ
So , lim ¿=
20 ×0.7 ×1 ⋅1 ×2 ⋅657
=98.1 ¿
√ 0 ⋅174

Step 3: slenderness

√
3
h

√
b
l
λ= 0 , ⅈ=
ⅈ
I
A
=
√ 12
bh
=
h2
12
Determine the effective length ,

l 0=( 0.5 L0 )
√( 1+
k1
0 ⋅5+ k 1
1+)( k2
0 ⋅5+k 2 )
∑ column stifness column stifness
k 1= ⇒ I coloumn=
∑ beam stifness Σbeam stifness
3
200 ×500
I column= =2083333333.33 mm 4
12
3
200× 300
I beam= =450000000 mm 4
12

2083333333.33
3⋅4
k 1= =0 ⋅31
2× 4500000000
4 ⋅5

For fixed restrained k=0 but in reality we cannot provide a fully fixed support, so we use
k2=0.1

l 0=( 0.5 L0 )
√( 1+
k1
0 ⋅5+ k 1
1+ )(
k2
0 ⋅5+k 2
l0
)
=¿ ( 0.5∗3400 ) 1+

2044.6
0.31
0⋅5+ 0.31
1+
0.1
√(
0 ⋅5+0.1
=2044..6 )( )
λ= , λ= =14.2
ⅈ 144.34
λ< λlim ¿, short column so wenegelect the second order effect ¿

Step 4: accidental eccentricity

 L0 2044.6
ee= = =5 ⋅11mm
400 400

Step 5: equivalent second order eccentricity

0 : 6 e02 + 0⋅ 4 e 01 M 02 11⋅46 × 106

e e =max ξ 0 ⋅4 e02 , e 02= = =58 ⋅29∧¿
Nsd 196 ⋅6 ×103
0 : 6∗58.29+0.4∗55.8=57.29
e e =max ξ 0 ⋅4∗58.29
e tot =e a +e 01+ eO =5.11+57.29=62.4 mm
2

3rd Floor

401.2KN
12.3kNm

10.2kNm

Column cross section 200*500

Material C20/25,S-400

Step 1: Materials
0.85∗20
fcd = =11.53Mpa
1.5
400
fyd ¿ =347.83 Mpa
1.5
Step 2 : Check slanderness limit
λ 20 ABC
lim ¿= ¿
√n
Where ; A=0.7, B=1.1, C=1.7-γ m
 10.2
γ m= =−0.83 C=1.7-(-0.83)=2.53
12.3
6
Ned 401.2∗10
n= = =0.354
fcd∗b∗h 11.33∗200∗500
λ 20∗0.7∗1.1∗2.53
lim ¿= =65.48 ¿
√ 0.354

Step 3: Slenderness

√
l0 h2
λ= , ⅈ = = 144.34mm
ⅈ 12
The calculation of the effective length is the same as 4th floor

2∗2083333333.33
3⋅4
k 1= =0 ⋅61
2 ×4500000000
4 ⋅5

l 0=( 0.5 L0 )
√( 1+
k1
0 ⋅5+ k 1 )(
1+
k2
0 ⋅5+k 2
l0
)
=¿ ( 0.5∗3400 ) 1+

2177.82
0.61
0⋅5+ 0.61
1+
√(
0.1
0 ⋅5+0.1 )(
=2177.82 mm )
λ= , λ= =15.1 m
ⅈ 144.34
λ< λlim ¿, short column so wenegelect the second order effect ¿

Step 4: Accidental eccentricity

L0 2177. 82
ee= = =5⋅ 44 mm
400 400
Step 5: First order eccentricity
0 : 6 e02 + 0⋅ 4 e 01 M 02 12 ⋅3 ×106
e e =max ξ 0 ⋅4 e02 , e 02= = =30.66 mm∧¿
Nsd 401.2 ×103
M 01 10.2× 106
e 01= = =25.42 mm∧¿
Nsd 401.2 ×103
0 : 6∗30.66+0.4∗25.42=28.56
e e =max ξ 0 ⋅4∗30.66
e tot =e a +e 01+ eO =5.44+28.56=34 mm
2

Step 6 : Design
N sd =401.2 KN M Sd=N sd∗e tot =401.2∗34=13.643 KNm
 N sd 401.2 ×10
3
V sd = = =0.354
f cd bh 11.33 ×200 ×500
M sd 13.643× 10
6
μsd = 2
= 2
=0.624
fcd∗b d 11⋅33× 200 ×500
'
d
Using =0.1 Read the mechanical steel ratio from uniaxial chart
d
ωfcdbd As , tot fyd
As , tot= , ω= =ω=0.68
fyd Ac fcd
0.68∗11.33∗( 200∗500 )
As , tot= =2214.9 mm 2
347.83
As , tot
A s=
2
Check with max and min reinforcement limit
0.1 Ned
=200mm 2
Asmin=max ξ fyd
0 ⋅02 Ac

Asmax=0.08*Ac=0.08x200x500=8000mm2

Using ϕ 16 provide 6 ϕ 16 on each face

Step 7: detailing

2nd floor
Solution
Step 1 : Material
0.85∗20
fcd = =11.53Mpa
1.5
400
fyd ¿ =347.83 Mpa
1.5
Step 2 : Check slanderness limit
λ 20 ABC ,
lim ¿= ¿
√n
Where ; A=0.7, B=1.1, C=1.7-γ m
−9.97
γ m= =0.84 C=1.7+0.84=2.54
11.83
6
Nsd 607∗10
n= = =0.54
fcd∗b∗h 11.33∗200∗500

λ 20∗0.7∗1.1∗2.54
lim ¿= =53.23 ¿
√ 0.54

Step 3: Slenderness

√
l0 h2
λ= , ⅈ = = 144.34mm
ⅈ 12
The calculation of the effective length of this floor is the same with 3rd floor l 0=2177.82 mm
l0 2177.82
λ= , λ= =15.1 m
ⅈ 144.34

λ< λlim ¿, short column so wenegelect the second order effect ¿

Step 4: Accidental eccentricity

L0 2177. 82
ee= = =5⋅ 44 mm
400 400
Step 5: First order eccentricity
0 : 6 e02 + 0⋅ 4 e 01 M 02 11.83×106
e e =max ξ 0 ⋅4 e , e 02= = =19.5 mm∧¿
02
Nsd 607 × 103
 M 01 9.97 ×10 6
e 01= = =16.43 mm∧¿
Nsd 607 ×103
0 : 6∗19.5+0.4∗16.43=18.3
e e =max ξ 0 ⋅4∗19.5
e tot =e a +e 01+ eO =5.44+18.3+ 0=23.74 mm
2

Step 6 : Design
N sd =607 KN M Sd=N sd∗e tot =607∗23.74=14.41 KNm

N sd 607 ×10
3
V sd = = =0.54
f cd bh 11.33 ×200 ×500
M sd 14.41× 10
6
μsd = 2
= 2
=0.63
fcd∗b d 11⋅33× 200 ×500
'
d
Using =0.1 Read the mechanical steel ratio from uniaxial chart for
d
V sd =0.54 ,∧μsd =0.63 , ω=0.7

ωfcdbd As , tot fyd

As , tot= , ω= =ω=0.7
fyd Ac fcd
0.7∗11.33∗( 200∗500 )
As , tot= =2280.33 mm2
347.83
As , tot
A s= =¿1140.2mm2
2

Check with max and min reinforcement limit

0.1 Ned
=200mm 2
Asmin=max ξ fyd
0 ⋅02 Ac

Asmax=0.08*Ac=0.08x200x500=8000mm2

Using ϕ 16 provide 6 ϕ 16 on each face

Step 7: detailing

6 ∅ 16
1st floor
11.3KNM 813.6KN

17.3KNM

Given data

Cross section 200x500

C20/25
S -400

Solution
Step 1: material characteristics
0.85∗20
fcd = =11.53Mpa
1.5
400
fyd ¿ =347.83 Mpa
1.5
step 2: : slenderness limit
λ 20 ABC 11.3 Nsd 813.6∗10 3
lim ¿= γm = =−0.65 ,n= = =0.72 ¿
√η 17.3 fcd∗b∗h 11.33∗200∗500
 C=1.7+0.65=2.35
λ 20∗0.7∗1.1∗2.35
lim ¿= =42.65 ¿
√ 0.72
Step 3: Slenderness

√
l0 h2
λ= , ⅈ = = 144.34mm
ⅈ 12
The calculation of the effective length of this floor is the same with 3rd floor l 0=2177.82 mm
l0 2177.82
λ= , λ= =15.1 m
ⅈ 144.34

λ< λlim ¿, short column so wenegelect the second order effect ¿

Step 4: Accidental eccentricity

L0 2177. 82
ee= = =5⋅ 44 mm
400 400
Step 5: First order eccentricity
0 : 6 e02 + 0⋅ 4 e 01 M 02 17.3× 106
e e =max ξ 0 ⋅4 e02 , e 02= = =21.3 mm∧¿
Nsd 813 ×103
M 01 11.3× 106
e 01= = =13.9 mm∧¿
Nsd 813.6 ×103
0 : 6∗21.3+0.4∗13.9=18.34
e e =max ξ 0 ⋅4∗21.3
e tot =e a +e 01+ eO =5.44+18.34 +0=23.78 mm
2

Step 6: design
N sd =813.6 KN M Sd=N sd∗e tot =19 ⋅343 KNm
3
p 813.6 ×10
V sd = = =0 ⋅72
f cd bh 11.33 ×200 ×500
M sd 19 ⋅343 ×10
6
μsd = 2
= 2
=0.534
fcd∗b d 11⋅33× 200 ×500
'
d
By using =0⋅1 , read the mechanical steel ratio from uniaxial intermediate chart for
d
V sd =0.72 ,∧μ sd=0.534 , ω=0.45

As , tot fyd
ω=
Ac fcd
 ωAc fcd o .45 ( 200∗500 ) 11.33
¿ which , As , tot= , As , tot= = 2732.376mm2
fyd 347.83

As , tot
A s= =¿1366.188mm2
2

Check with maximum and minimum reinforcement limit

0.1 Nsd
=300.1 mm2
AS min=max ξ fyd …………………… ok ǃ
0 ⋅02 Ac

ASmax=0.08*Ac=0.08x200x500=8000mm2……………ok ǃ

Using ϕ 16 provide 4 ϕ 16 on each face

Step 7: detailing

Ground floor

105.6KN 10.3kNm

4.2Knm
Given data

Cross section 200x500

C20/25
 S -400

Solution
Step 1: material characteristics
0.85∗20
fcd = =11.53Mpa
1.5
400
fyd ¿ =347.83 Mpa
1.5
step 2: : slenderness limit
λ 20 ABC 4.2 Nsd 105.6∗10 3
lim ¿= γm = =−0.41, n= = =0.93 ¿
√η 10.3 fcd∗b∗h 11.33∗200∗500
C=1.7+0.41=2.11
λ 20∗0.7∗1.1∗2.11
lim ¿= =33.7 ¿
√0.93
Step 3: Slenderness

√
l0 h2
λ= , ⅈ = = 144.34mm
ⅈ 12
The calculation of the effective length of this floor is the same with 3rd floor l 0=2177.82 mm
l0 2177.82
λ= , λ= =15.11
ⅈ 144.34

λ< λlim ¿, short column so wenegelect the second order effect ¿

Step 4: Accidental eccentricity

L0 2177. 82
ee= = =5⋅ 44 mm
400 400
Step 5: First order eccentricity

{
M 10.3 × 106
e e =max 0 :6 e 02+ 0⋅ 4 e 01 , e 02= 02 = =9.75 mm∧¿
0 ⋅ 4 e 02 Nsd 105.6 × 103

M 01 4.2 ×10
6
e 01= = =3.98 mm∧¿
Nsd 105.6 ×103
0 : 6∗9.75 +0.4∗3.98=7.44 mm
e e =max ❑0 ⋅ 4∗9.75
e tot =e a +e 01+ eO =5.44+7.44 +0=12.88 mm
2

Step 6: design
 N sd =105.6 KN M Sd=N sd∗e tot =13 ⋅602 KNm
3
p 105.6 ×10
V sd = = =0 ⋅ 93
f cd bh 11.33 ×200 ×500
M sd 13 ⋅602 ×10
6
μsd = 2
= 2
=0.62
fcd∗b d 11⋅33× 200 ×500
'
d
By using =0⋅1 , read the mechanical steel ratio from uniaxial intermediate chart for
d
V sd =0.93 ,∧μ sd=0.62 , ω=0.85

As , tot fyd
ω=
Ac fcd
ωAc fcd o .85 ( 200∗500 ) 11.33
¿ which , As , tot= , As , tot= = 2768.74mm2
fyd 347.83

As , tot
A s= =¿1384.4mm2
2

Check with maximum and minimum reinforcement limit

0.1 Nsd
=303.6 mm 2
AS min=max ξ fyd …………………… ok ǃ
0 ⋅02 Ac

ASmax=0.08*Ac=0.08x200x500=8000mm2……………ok ǃ

Using ϕ 16 provide 4 ϕ 16 on each face

Step 7: detailing
Flat slab (using Equivalent method)

Solution
Flat slab thickness from deflection reinforcement

(
d=( 0 ⋅ 4+
0 ⋅6 fyk Lx
400 Ba )
Lx=5 ⋅56 βa=24 for flat slab

(
d=( 0 ⋅ 4+
0 ⋅6 x 400 5.56
400 24 )
=232 mm
D=232+15 +6=253use D=260 mm
Loads
Self weight of the slab=25x0.26=6.5KN/m2
Dead load from floor finish and others=4.3KN/m2
Live load for residential is 3kN/m2
Hence ultimate design load becomes Pd=1⋅ 35 DL +1⋅5 ≪¿
Pd=1⋅ 35 x 10.8+1 ⋅5 x 3=19.08 KN/m2

There is only vertical load ,hence each strip of floor can be arranged at the separate form

3.4

A B C

3.4

2.15 5.56 4.5

( )
3
4 Ec I s 5560× 260
4 Ec
For slab: k s= L
= 12
L SL =4641866.67
5560

( )
3
4 Ec I s 4 Ec 200× 500
: k c= = L
12
Lcol =2450980.39
3400

Using cross method of moment distribution

Using the advantage of symmetry

 A B
Joint Cols AB BA BC Cols
Member 2450980 4641866.67 4641866.67 2320933.34 2450980
DF 0.35 0.65 0.49 0.32 0.19
FEM 0 273.29 -273.29 273.29 0
-177.64 -88.82
-95.65 21.76 43.52 28.42 16.88
-4.95 -14.14 -7.07
1.73 346 2.26 1.34
-0.61 -112 -0.56
0.27 0.18 0.11
-0.047 -0.135
0.085
Final moment -101.255 101.257 -322.49 304.15 18.33

As the characteristics imposed load does not exceed 1.25 times the characteristic dead load we
can use the load case of the span member at
 ( )
2
2
p L L,− ⋅h ⋅c
RA d 2 3 =
8

( )
2
1 5.56
101.257−322.49+ 106.85 x =257.253 kN
556 12

RBL=106.85x5.56-257.253=336.833KN and RBr=106.85 x4.5/2=240.41 KN

2
106 ⋅85 x
Interior span (panel): Mx=240.41 x− −304 ⋅15
2
ⅆMx
=240.41-106.85x=0
ⅆx
X=2.25m
2
106 ⋅85 x 2.25
Mmax=240.41 x 2.25− −304 ⋅15=33.69 KNm
2
Composition of moment at support B shows that left side moment is larger. hence take moment
at the left face of the support B.
Exterior span (panel)

2
106 ⋅85 x
M x =336833 x− −322.49
2

( )
2
2 hc
L ( gd + qd ) L2 L1− 3
negative moment greater than c arenot required provide that
2 M0 ≥
2
M +vⅇmax =164 ⋅92 kNm
1
M 0=164.92+ ( 101.257+322 ⋅ 49 )=376.7 KNm ( average of negative∧ positive moment )
2
Dead load=1.35DL=1.35X10.8KN/m2
Live load =1.5x3=4.5KN/m2
Pd=1⋅ 35 DL +1⋅5 ≪¿
19.08 KN
Pd=14.58+ 4 ⋅5=
m2
Area of column=200x500=100000mm2

hC=
√ 4 A col
π
=356.91~ 357mm L1=5 ⋅5 m , L2=4 . 5 m

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
P d L 2 L 1 − hc 19.08 x 4.5 5.5− 0.357
therefore, 3 3
= =297.1 KNm ≤ M 0 ⋅⋯⋯ 0 k !
8 8
 hc
hence reduce the moment at the support to moment at
2

hc 0.357
= =0.179 m
2 2

( )
2
hc x
Therefore M @ x = ¿ center of columns =336.833 x−106⋅ 85 −322.49
2 2
2
0.179
¿ 336.833 x 0.179−106 ⋅85 −322.49=¿ -276.65KNm
2

(𝑘𝑁𝑚)
Direction of span Total BM BM on Column BM on Middle

(𝑘𝑁𝑚) (𝑘𝑁𝑚)
strip strip

Long 𝑀𝑠 = -276.65 0.75𝑀s=-207.49 0.25𝑀s=-69.16

𝑀𝑓=164.92
direction
0.55𝑀f=90.706 0.45𝑀f=74.214

Short 𝑀𝑠=-276.65 0.75𝑀s=-207.49 0.25𝑀s=-69.16

𝑀𝑓=164.92
direction
0.55𝑀f=90.706 0.45𝑀f=74.214

Design constants
C 20/25 fck=20MPa
fcd=11.33MPa
s-400 fyk=400MPa
fyd=347.83 MPa
f yd
m¿ =38.37
0 ⋅8 fcd
Check d for flexure
The largest moment , Mmax=-207.49KNm , b=2780mm(for column strip)
Assuming 0 % redistribution , kx=0.448

d=
√ M max
0 ⋅8 f cd ⋅b k x (1−0 ⋅4 kx ) √
=
207.49 x 10−6
0 ⋅8 x 11.33 ⋅2780 x 0.448 ( 1−0⋅ 4 x 0.448 )
=182.48mm

Assuming 15𝑚𝑚 concrete cover, 𝜙12𝑚𝑚 diameter bars :

The overall depth of the slab 𝐷:
 D=183+15+6=203.48mm≤ 260 mm ⋅⋯⋯ 0 k !
Use d=260-15-6=239mm
Check d for punching shear
Based on the tributary area of the loaded floor

dy =239mm
dx =223mm
1
davg= ( dy +dx ) =233mm
2

u0=2 ( C x +Cy ) =2 ( 200+500 ) =1400mm

U1=2 ( C x +Cy ) +2x3.14x2x2.33=4326mm

2 −π
Punched area A0 =( 200+4 ×233 ) −4 ( 2 ×2 33 ) 2 ( 2× 233 ) 2=46602.076mm2
4
Tributary area, At for balancing the critical shear

At=( 5560 )2−4660 2.076=30866997.924 mm2=30.867m2

 Punching shear due to applied load

V ed =P × A t=19.08x30.867=588.94KN

Effective shear force (Equivalent Punching shear adjacent to columns)

[ES EN 1992-1- 1:2015 section 6.4.2]

factor, 𝛽 is used to obtain effective of shear stress by taking into account of local concentrations.
Generally, moment is transferred to the columns so the shear distribution is not uniform and a

𝑉𝐸𝑑 at the column face.

For a slab-column connection the design is based on the total shear force,
 v Ed
v Ed =β
U0 d

f
Shear distribution due to an unbalanced moment at a slab internal column connection
(Source: Adopted ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 section 6.4.3)
According eccentricity due to imbalanced moment on the slab(moment at the column)Equivalent
concentric load V ed becomes;
a) Check at perimeter of column
Punching shear adjacent to interior column
v Ed
v Ed =β ≤v
U 0 d Rd ,max

columns, and where the adjacent spans do not differ in length by more than 25%, simplified
For structures where the lateral stability does not depend on frame action between the slabs and

values of 𝛽 may be u

Equivalent Punching shear adjacent to interior columns (𝜷 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓)

v Ed 588 ⋅94 ×10
3
 v Ed =β =1.15× =2.022 MPa ≤ v Rd ,max ⋅⋯ ⋯ 0 k !
U0 d 1400 × 233
 (
v Rd , max=0⋅5 1−
250)
f ck
(
f cd =0 ⋅5 1− )
20
250
11.33=5.213 MPa