Certy IQ

Premium exam material

Get certification quickly with the CertyIQ Premium exam material.
Everything you need to prepare, learn & pass your certification exam easily. Lifetime free updates
First attempt guaranteed success.
https://www.CertyIQ.com
 Google

(Cloud Digital Leader)

Cloud Digital Leader

Total: 287 Questions

Link: https://certyiq.com/papers/google/cloud-digital-leader
Question: 1 CertyIQ
You are migrating workloads to the cloud. The goal of the migration is to serve customers worldwide as quickly as
possible According to local regulations, certain data is required to be stored in a specific geographic area, and it
can be served worldwide. You need to design the architecture and deployment for your workloads.
What should you do?

A. Select a public cloud provider that is only active in the required geographic area
B. Select a private cloud provider that globally replicates data storage for fast data access
C. Select a public cloud provider that guarantees data location in the required geographic area
D. Select a private cloud provider that is only active in the required geographic area

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C, selecting a public cloud provider that guarantees data location in the required
geographic area. This choice best addresses the scenario's core requirements: global service delivery coupled
with specific data residency regulations. Option A, selecting a public cloud provider active only in the specific
geographic area, fails to meet the global service requirement. Option B, using a private cloud with global data
replication, may not fulfill strict data residency mandates and introduces complexity related to private
infrastructure management. Option D, a private cloud active only in the specific area, also restricts global
reach.

Public cloud providers offer diverse global regions and zones, allowing for strategic workload deployment.
They can guarantee data residency through compliance certifications and controlled data storage within
specified geographic boundaries. This allows serving global customers while adhering to local data
regulations. By deploying workloads and data to relevant regions, low latency can be achieved for users
worldwide. Moreover, a public cloud's inherent scalability allows for easy adjustment to fluctuating customer
demands.

This approach uses the best of both worlds: cloud's scalability and accessibility while maintaining regional
compliance. Cloud providers offer tools to manage data locations, simplifying regulatory adherence.

Further Research:

Google Cloud Global Infrastructure: https://cloud.google.com/about/locations

Data Residency in Cloud Computing: https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/data-
residency
Cloud Computing Compliance: https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/ (Example of AWS's Compliance
Program, concepts are applicable to other cloud providers)

Question: 2 CertyIQ
Your organization needs a large amount of extra computing power within the next two weeks.
After those two weeks, the need for the additional resources will end.
Which is the most cost-effective approach?

A. Use a committed use discount to reserve a very powerful virtual machine

B. Purchase one very powerful physical computer
C. Start a very powerful virtual machine without using a committed use discount
D. Purchase multiple physical computers and scale workload across them

Answer: C
 Explanation:

The correct answer is C: Start a very powerful virtual machine without using a committed use discount. Here's
why:

The scenario describes a short-term, two-week surge in computing demand. Option A, using a committed use
discount, is unsuitable because these discounts require a commitment for a year or more, making it inefficient
for a temporary need. Purchasing physical hardware (options B and D) is also not cost-effective. The
procurement process is lengthy, and the hardware will be underutilized after the two-week period, resulting in
wasted investment and resources.

Option C, using an on-demand virtual machine, aligns perfectly with the requirement. Virtual machines can be
provisioned rapidly, fulfilling the immediate demand, and can be de-provisioned just as quickly when the extra
resources are no longer needed. On-demand pricing allows for paying only for the time the resources are
used, optimizing costs for short-term needs.

Cloud providers like Google Cloud Platform offer flexible pricing models, including on-demand pricing for
virtual machines. This makes option C significantly more cost-effective than incurring the expenses and
commitments associated with other options. The lack of a long-term contract and flexible usage are crucial
for a transient workload. By avoiding long-term commitment or the capital costs associated with physical
hardware, this approach best utilizes the pay-as-you-go nature of cloud computing.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Pricing Overview: https://cloud.google.com/pricing/

Compute Engine Pricing: https://cloud.google.com/compute/pricing
Understanding Committed Use Discounts: https://cloud.google.com/docs/cud
On-Demand Pricing: https://cloud.google.com/compute/vm-instance-pricing

Question: 3 CertyIQ
Your organization needs to plan its cloud infrastructure expenditures.
Which should your organization do?

A. Review cloud resource costs frequently, because costs change often based on use
B. Review cloud resource costs annually as part of planning your organization's overall budget
C. If your organization uses only cloud resources, infrastructure costs are no longer part of your overall budget
D. Involve fewer people in cloud resource planning than your organization did for on-premises resource
planning

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A: "Review cloud resource costs frequently, because costs change often based on use."
Here's why:

Cloud computing operates on a consumption-based model. Unlike traditional on-premises infrastructure,

where costs are largely fixed after initial investment, cloud costs are dynamic and directly tied to resource
utilization. Factors like compute power, storage, network bandwidth, and data transfer all contribute to
ongoing charges. Therefore, periodic review is crucial for cost optimization. Cloud providers offer granular
visibility into resource usage and associated costs, enabling organizations to identify areas of overspending or
inefficient resource allocation. Regular reviews allow for adjustments such as scaling resources up or down,
rightsizing instances, leveraging reserved instances, and utilizing cost-saving features. Annual reviews (option
B) are insufficient given the fluctuations in consumption. Option C is incorrect as cloud resources still
 represent an infrastructure cost that must be factored into the budget. Option D is misleading since
collaborative planning involving relevant stakeholders, irrespective of cloud or on-premises environments,
facilitates effective cost management. Therefore, frequent monitoring and adjustments based on dynamic
cloud usage is the only appropriate method for planning cloud infrastructure expenditures.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Cost Management: https://cloud.google.com/cost-management (Provides resources on Google

Cloud's cost management tools and best practices)
Cloud Financial Management (FinOps): https://www.finops.org/ (Offers a framework and resources on cloud
cost management)
AWS Cost Management: https://aws.amazon.com/cost-management/ (Illustrates AWS cost management
capabilities, which mirror many cloud cost optimization concepts)

Question: 4 CertyIQ
The operating systems of some of your organization's virtual machines may have a security vulnerability.
How can your organization most effectively identify all virtual machines that do not have the latest security
update?

A. View the Security Command Center to identify virtual machines running vulnerable disk images
B. View the Compliance Reports Manager to identify and download a recent PCI audit
C. View the Security Command Center to identify virtual machines started more than 2 weeks ago
D. View the Compliance Reports Manager to identify and download a recent SOC 1 audit

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A: "View the Security Command Center to identify virtual machines running vulnerable
disk images." This choice is most effective because Google Cloud's Security Command Center is specifically
designed for identifying and managing security risks within your cloud environment. It provides a centralized
view of your security posture, actively scanning resources for vulnerabilities, including outdated operating
system images. By inspecting the disk images, Security Command Center can pinpoint virtual machines
running versions with known security flaws. Options B and D, focusing on Compliance Reports Manager and
PCI/SOC audits, are inappropriate because these reports primarily assess adherence to regulations and
standards rather than identifying specific vulnerabilities in your systems' configurations. Option C, while
partially relevant by considering age, is insufficient because a VM's age isn't a direct indicator of its patching
status; newer VMs can also have security gaps and older ones may be patched. The Security Command Center
actively checks the image used, providing the direct and timely intelligence needed. This allows you to quickly
take actions, such as updating the affected VM images, thus significantly mitigating security risk.

Supporting Concepts:

Security Command Center: Google Cloud's central security service. https://cloud.google.com/security-

command-center
Vulnerability Scanning: The automated process of identifying potential security weaknesses in systems.
Disk Image Scanning: Examining the contents of virtual machine disk images for known vulnerabilities.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Security Command Center Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/security-command-

center/docs
Google Cloud Best Practices for Security: https://cloud.google.com/security/best-practices
Question: 5 CertyIQ
You are currently managing workloads running on Windows Server for which your company owns the licenses.
Your workloads are only needed during working hours, which allows you to shut down the instances during the
weekend. Your Windows Server licenses are up for renewal in a month, and you want to optimize your license cost.
What should you do?

A. Renew your licenses for an additional period of 3 years. Renew your licenses for an additional period of 3
years. Negotiate a cost reduction with your current hosting provider wherein infrastructure cost is reduced
when workloads are not in use
B. Renew your licenses for an additional period of 2 years. Negotiate a cost reduction by committing to an
automatic renewal of the licenses at the end of the 2 year period
C. Migrate the workloads to Compute Engine with a bring-your-own-license (BYOL) model
D. Migrate the workloads to Compute Engine with a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) model

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D, migrating to Compute Engine with a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) model, because it directly
addresses the scenario's core concern: optimizing license costs for Windows Server workloads used only
during working hours. The existing licensing model requires paying for licenses regardless of instance usage,
making it inefficient. BYOL (option C) still involves paying for licenses your company owns, which is
suboptimal as licenses are unused over weekends, unlike PAYG. PAYG provides licensing on a per-second
basis, aligning costs with actual usage. This aligns with the pay-per-use principle of cloud computing,
ensuring you only pay for what you consume. Options A and B focus on extending existing license
commitments, thereby increasing costs rather than reducing them. With the PAYG model, instances can be
automatically shut down during non-working hours, eliminating licensing costs for those periods, and
significantly decreasing overall expenditure. This approach also simplifies license management, as it shifts
the burden to the cloud provider.

Further research:

Google Cloud Compute Engine Licensing:

https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/windows/licensing
Google Cloud Pricing Calculator: https://cloud.google.com/products/calculator (Use this to compare BYOL
vs. PAYG costs)
Understanding Cloud Pricing Models: https://www.bmc.com/blogs/cloud-pricing-models/

Question: 6 CertyIQ
Your organization runs a distributed application in the Compute Engine virtual machines. Your organization needs
redundancy, but it also needs extremely fast communication (less than 10 milliseconds) between the parts of the
application in different virtual machines.
Where should your organization locate this virtual machines?

A. In a single zone within a single region

B. In different zones within a single region
C. In multiple regions, using one zone per region
D. In multiple regions, using multiple zones per region

Answer: B

Explanation:
 The correct answer is B. In different zones within a single region. Here's why:

The primary requirement is low-latency communication (less than 10ms) between virtual machines, which
implies they need to be physically close. Within Google Cloud, a region is a geographical location consisting of
multiple zones. Zones are physically separate data centers within a region, providing fault tolerance. Placing
VMs in different zones within the same region ensures they are close enough to achieve the desired low
latency.

Option A, placing all VMs in a single zone, would meet the latency requirement, but it creates a single point of
failure. If that zone experiences an issue, the entire application goes down, defeating the redundancy
requirement. Options C and D, involving multiple regions, introduce considerable network latency due to the
geographical distances involved, making the under 10ms communication requirement impossible to achieve.
They are also not needed for redundancy of applications.

By spreading VMs across different zones within the same region, we achieve both redundancy (if one zone
fails, the application can continue running in other zones) and low latency (because all zones within a region
are connected by a high-bandwidth, low-latency network). This approach balances availability with
performance, fulfilling the requirements stated in the prompt.

Further research on regions and zones in Google Cloud can be found here:

Google Cloud Regions and Zones: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/regions-zones

Google Cloud Global Networking: https://cloud.google.com/network-connectivity/docs/concepts/global-
networking

Question: 7 CertyIQ
An organization decides to migrate their on-premises environment to the cloud. They need to determine which
resource components still need to be assigned ownership.
Which two functions does a public cloud provider own? (Choose two.)

A. Hardware maintenance
B. Infrastructure architecture
C. Infrastructure deployment automation
D. Hardware capacity management
E. Fixing application security issues

Answer: AD

Explanation:

The correct answer is A. Hardware maintenance and D. Hardware capacity management. In a public cloud
model, the cloud provider assumes responsibility for the underlying physical infrastructure. This encompasses
tasks such as maintaining the physical servers, storage devices, and network equipment (Hardware
maintenance). Furthermore, the provider also manages the capacity of these resources, ensuring sufficient
hardware is available to meet the needs of all their clients (Hardware capacity management). This is a core
benefit of the cloud, as it alleviates the customer from the burden of purchasing, maintaining, and scaling
physical infrastructure. Cloud customers, conversely, focus on managing their virtualized resources and
applications. The other options, like Infrastructure architecture and deployment automation, are often the
customer's responsibility when they decide how they want to use cloud resources. Fixing application security
issues is predominantly a shared responsibility, but in general, the application security itself is handled by the
customer that developed the app.

Here are some resources for further research:

 Google Cloud Shared Responsibility Model: https://cloud.google.com/security/shared-responsibility
NIST Definition of Cloud Computing: https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-145/final (See section
2.1.1 Characteristics of Cloud Computing, On-demand self-service)
AWS Shared Responsibility Model: https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/shared-responsibility-model/
(Similar principles apply across major cloud providers)

Question: 8 CertyIQ
You are a program manager within a Software as a Service (SaaS) company that offers rendering software for
animation studios. Your team needs the ability to allow scenes to be scheduled at will and to be interrupted at any
time to restart later. Any individual scene rendering takes less than 12 hours to complete, and there is no service-
level agreement (SLA) for the completion time for all scenes. Results will be stored in a global Cloud Storage
bucket. The compute resources are not bound to any single geographical location. This software needs to run on
Google Cloud in a cost-optimized way.
What should you do?

A. Deploy the application on Compute Engine using preemptible instances

B. Develop the application so it can run in an unmanaged instance group
C. Create a reservation for the minimum number of Compute Engine instances you will use
D. Start more instances with fewer virtual centralized processing units (vCPUs) instead of fewer instances with
more vCPUs

Answer: A

Explanation:

The most cost-effective solution for this scenario is deploying the rendering application on Compute Engine
using preemptible instances (Option A). Preemptible instances are significantly cheaper than regular
instances, making them ideal for workloads that can tolerate interruptions. Since the individual scene
rendering takes less than 12 hours and there's no SLA for completion time, the possibility of preemption is
acceptable. The ability to interrupt and restart rendering jobs aligns perfectly with the nature of preemptible
instances. Option B, developing for an unmanaged instance group, doesn't directly address the cost
optimization focus. Option C, creating reservations, is designed for consistent capacity, not cost savings.
Option D, focusing on CPU core counts, is a general optimization technique but not specific to the cost savings
from preemptible instances. Preemptible instances allow the rendering process to run as long as they are
available, and if preempted, the application can handle the interruption and resume where it left off later. This
aligns perfectly with the requirement for interruptible and resumable rendering. For detailed information,
refer to the Google Cloud documentation on preemptible VMs:
https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/preemptible

Question: 9 CertyIQ
Your manager wants to restrict communication of all virtual machines with internet access; with resources in
another network; or with a resource outside Compute
Engine. It is expected that different teams will create new folders and projects in the near future.
How would you restrict all virtual machines from having an external IP address?

A. Define an organization policy at the root organization node to restrict virtual machine instances from having
an external IP address
B. Define an organization policy on all existing folders to define a constraint to restrict virtual machine
instances from having an external IP address
C. Define an organization policy on all existing projects to restrict virtual machine instances from having an
external IP address
 D. Communicate with the different teams and agree that each time a virtual machine is created, it must be
configured without an external IP address

Answer: A

Explanation:

Option A is the most effective solution due to its centralized and proactive nature. Defining an organization
policy at the root level ensures that all projects and folders within the organization inherit this policy,
preventing VMs from being created with external IPs. This approach simplifies management by enforcing the
restriction across the entire organization without requiring manual configuration in each new project or folder.
It addresses the requirement that teams will create new folders and projects in the future, as the policy will
automatically apply to them. Option B is less efficient because it would require the policy to be applied to
each existing folder individually. Option C is even less manageable, requiring the policy on all existing
projects, which would be tedious and error-prone, especially as new projects are added. Option D relies on
manual compliance, which is not guaranteed and does not scale well, leading to potential security gaps.
Organization policies provide a centralized way to control resources, ensuring consistency and security.
Setting the policy at the root node makes it robust to changes, including the addition of new projects and
folders. This approach minimizes the risk of oversight and ensures consistent policy application across the
entire organization.

Supporting Concepts:

Organization Policy: A centralized way to control your Google Cloud resources, allowing you to configure
restrictions at various levels (organization, folder, or project) to define constraints.
Root Node: The highest level in the Google Cloud Resource Hierarchy, encompassing all folders and projects.
Inheritance: Organization policies are inherited down the resource hierarchy, meaning policies set at the root
organization node apply to all underlying folders and projects.

Authoritative Links:

Organization Policy Service Overview: https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/organization-

policy/overview
Creating and Managing Organization Policies: https://cloud.google.com/resource-
manager/docs/organization-policy/creating-managing-policies
Constraints: https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/organization-policy/constraints-list (search
for compute.disableDefaultExternalIP)

Question: 10 CertyIQ
Your multinational organization has servers running mission-critical workloads on its premises around the world.
You want to be able to manage these workloads consistently and centrally, and you want to stop managing
infrastructure.
What should your organization do?

A. Migrate the workloads to a public cloud

B. Migrate the workloads to a central office building
C. Migrate the workloads to multiple local co-location facilities
D. Migrate the workloads to multiple local private clouds

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A, migrating the workloads to a public cloud. This addresses the desire for consistent
 and central management while eliminating the burden of infrastructure management. Public cloud providers
like Google Cloud Platform (GCP), AWS, or Azure offer services that abstract away the underlying
infrastructure, allowing organizations to focus on their applications. Migrating to a public cloud enables
organizations to leverage managed services, such as compute, storage, and databases, without needing to
maintain the physical hardware. This approach provides scalability, global reach, and reduces capital
expenditure. Option B, migrating to a central office, concentrates risk and doesn't solve the infrastructure
management problem. Options C and D, co-location and private clouds, still require infrastructure
management, failing to meet the core requirement of the question. Public clouds also facilitate consistent
policies and security practices across all workloads, improving overall operational efficiency and security.
Furthermore, they offer advanced tools for monitoring, logging, and automation, which simplify management
at scale. The economies of scale provided by public cloud providers often translate into cost savings and
increased business agility, allowing faster innovation and time to market. By moving to the public cloud, the
organization can meet its goals of consistent management, central control, and elimination of infrastructure
maintenance.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Overview: https://cloud.google.com/what-is-cloud

NIST Definition of Cloud Computing: https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-145/final
Benefits of Cloud Computing: https://www.salesforce.com/solutions/cloud-computing/benefits-of-cloud-
computing/

Question: 11 CertyIQ
Your organization stores highly sensitive data on-premises that cannot be sent over the public internet. The data
must be processed both on-premises and in the cloud.
What should your organization do?

A. Configure Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) in your Google Cloud VPC network

B. Create a Cloud VPN tunnel between Google Cloud and your data center
C. Order a Partner Interconnect connection with your network provider
D. Enable Private Google Access in your Google Cloud VPC network

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C. Order a Partner Interconnect connection with your network provider. Here's why:

The scenario requires processing highly sensitive on-premises data both locally and in the cloud without
transmitting it over the public internet. Options A, B, and D fall short for this specific need.

Option A (Identity-Aware Proxy - IAP): IAP focuses on controlling access to applications and resources based
on user identity and context. While it's excellent for security, it doesn't address the core issue of securely
transporting the data between environments. IAP doesn't establish a dedicated, private connection needed to
avoid the public internet.
Option B (Cloud VPN): Cloud VPN establishes an encrypted connection over the public internet. Although
encrypted, the data still traverses the internet, which is explicitly prohibited by the scenario's requirements
for highly sensitive data. This is unsuitable for this use case.
Option D (Private Google Access): Private Google Access allows Google Cloud VMs without external IPs to
access Google APIs and services via Google's internal network. It doesn't facilitate secure, private
connectivity between a private on-premises data center and Google Cloud. It addresses internal Google Cloud
connectivity but not connectivity between your on-prem and Google Cloud.
 Option C (Partner Interconnect): Partner Interconnect provides a dedicated, private connection between your
on-premises infrastructure and Google Cloud through a third-party network provider. This method bypasses
the public internet entirely, ensuring data privacy and security during transport. It fulfills the explicit
requirements in the scenario by delivering a dedicated, secure, and non-internet-based network path for
transferring sensitive data between the on-premises and cloud environments.

This approach provides consistent and reliable network connectivity with lower latency and greater
bandwidth than internet-based options and is ideal for highly sensitive data, making it the most suitable
solution.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Interconnect Overview: https://cloud.google.com/interconnect/docs/overview

Google Cloud Partner Interconnect: https://cloud.google.com/interconnect/docs/how-to/partner
Cloud VPN: https://cloud.google.com/vpn/docs/concepts/overview
Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP): https://cloud.google.com/iap/docs/concepts
Private Google Access: https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/private-access

Question: 12 CertyIQ
Your company's development team is building an application that will be deployed on Cloud Run. You are designing
a CI/CD pipeline so that any new version of the application can be deployed in the fewest number of steps possible
using the CI/CD pipeline you are designing. You need to select a storage location for the images of the application
after the CI part of your pipeline has built them.
What should you do?

A. Create a Compute Engine image containing the application

B. Store the images in Container Registry
C. Store the images in Cloud Storage
D. Create a Compute Engine disk containing the application

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Store the images in Container Registry.

Here's the justification:

Container Registry (now part of Artifact Registry) is Google Cloud's managed service specifically designed for
storing, managing, and securing container images. Cloud Run, as a serverless container execution
environment, directly consumes container images. By storing images in Container Registry, the CI/CD pipeline
can seamlessly push the built application images, and Cloud Run can then pull and deploy them with minimal
configuration. This streamlined approach avoids the extra steps and overhead associated with alternatives.
Creating a Compute Engine image (A) or disk (D) is unsuitable as these are designed for virtual machines, not
container deployments on Cloud Run. While Cloud Storage (C) can store various file types, including container
images, it lacks the metadata, image management, and security features offered by Container Registry. Using
Cloud Storage would also require additional steps to configure Cloud Run to utilize images stored there.
Container Registry provides version control, vulnerability scanning, and fine-grained access control,
enhancing both security and manageability for containerized applications. Therefore, Container Registry is the
most efficient and appropriate storage location for container images used with Cloud Run. It aligns with
containerized best practices and simplifies the CI/CD pipeline.

Authoritative Links:
 Artifact Registry (includes Container Registry): https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry
Cloud Run Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/run/docs
Container Registry Overview: https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/docs/overview (Note: Now largely
superseded by Artifact Registry, but provides context)

Question: 13 CertyIQ
Each of the three cloud service models - infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and
software as a service (SaaS) - offers benefits between flexibility and levels of management by the cloud provider
and the customer.
Why would SaaS be the right choice of service model?

A. You want a balance between flexibility for the customer and the level of management by the cloud provider
B. You want to minimize the level of management by the customer
C. You want to maximize flexibility for the customer.
D. You want to be able to shift your emphasis between flexibility and management by the cloud provider as
business needs change

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B because SaaS is designed to minimize customer management overhead. In the SaaS
model, the cloud provider handles nearly everything, including infrastructure, platform, and application
management. This means the customer simply consumes the software as a service, without needing to worry
about underlying technical complexities. Option A is incorrect as it describes the balance characteristic of
PaaS, where the customer manages the application and data, but not the underlying platform. Option C is
wrong because IaaS offers the highest level of flexibility but requires the most customer management.
Finally, Option D isn't aligned with a specific model like SaaS; cloud-based approaches generally allow you to
shift your strategy, but it's not a defining attribute of the SaaS model itself. SaaS prioritizes ease of use and
rapid deployment, making it ideal for businesses seeking ready-made solutions without IT expertise to
manage technical details. Examples include Google Workspace, Salesforce, and Zoom, where users focus on
utilizing the application rather than infrastructure setup or maintenance. This significantly reduces
operational burdens and allows businesses to focus on their core competencies.

Authoritative Links for further research:

1. NIST Definition of Cloud Computing: https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-145/final - This

document provides the official definitions of cloud service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) and their
characteristics.
2. Microsoft Azure Documentation on Cloud Computing: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-
us/overview/what-is-cloud-computing/ - Offers detailed information on various cloud concepts and
service models with practical examples.
3. AWS Cloud Computing Overview: https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-cloud-computing/ - Explains
cloud computing concepts, including the different service models and their benefits.

Question: 14 CertyIQ
As your organization increases its release velocity, the VM-based application upgrades take a long time to perform
rolling updates due to OS boot times. You need to make the application deployments faster.
What should your organization do?

A. Migrate your VMs to the cloud, and add more resources to them
 B. Convert your applications into containers
C. Increase the resources of your VMs
D. Automate your upgrade rollouts

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Convert your applications into containers. Here's why:

The core issue is slow application deployment due to lengthy OS boot times associated with VM-based rolling
updates. Containers address this directly. Unlike VMs, containers do not require a full OS boot; instead, they
package an application and its dependencies into isolated user-space environments, utilizing the host OS
kernel. This significantly reduces startup time, leading to faster deployments.

Containerization allows for lightweight and portable application deployment, making rolling updates much
quicker. A container orchestrator like Kubernetes can handle container deployments and updates gracefully,
ensuring zero downtime during releases. This approach facilitates a more agile development and release
cycle, aligning with the goal of increased release velocity. Options A and C, while potentially beneficial for
overall performance, don't resolve the fundamental problem of long boot times during updates. Option D,
automating rollouts, is helpful but does not inherently solve the slow deployment of VM-based applications.
Containerizing applications allows them to be deployed and updated faster than traditional VMs due to the
smaller package size and faster boot process. The isolation provided by containers also improves stability,
allowing for more rapid application updates with reduced risk.

Here are some authoritative links for further research:

Google Cloud Documentation on Containers: https://cloud.google.com/containers

Kubernetes Documentation: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/
Docker Documentation: https://docs.docker.com/

These resources will help you delve deeper into the concepts of containerization and its benefits for faster
application deployments.

Question: 15 CertyIQ
Your organization uses Active Directory to authenticate users. Users' Google account access must be removed
when their Active Directory account is terminated.
How should your organization meet this requirement?

A. Configure two-factor authentication in the Google domain

B. Remove the Google account from all IAM policies
C. Configure BeyondCorp and Identity-Aware Proxy in the Google domain
D. Configure single sign-on in the Google domain

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. Configure single sign-on in the Google domain. This solution effectively addresses
the requirement of automatically removing Google account access upon Active Directory account termination.
Single Sign-On (SSO) establishes a centralized authentication system, linking user identities between Active
Directory (the identity provider) and Google Workspace (the service provider). When an Active Directory
account is terminated, the associated user's authentication tokens are revoked by the identity provider, which
 automatically denies access to Google services. This ensures seamless and automated deprovisioning,
meeting the prompt's demand for access removal after termination.

Options A, B, and C are less suitable for this specific scenario. Two-factor authentication (A) only adds an
extra layer of security and does not revoke access upon account termination. Removing Google accounts from
IAM policies (B) is manual and does not provide automatic deactivation. BeyondCorp and Identity-Aware Proxy
(C) are security mechanisms that don't directly tie Google account access to Active Directory status. SSO
directly links authentication and authorization, thus offering the most efficient and automated way to meet
the organization’s requirements.

Here are some authoritative links for further research:

Google Workspace Admin Help on Single Sign-On: https://support.google.com/a/answer/60224?hl=en

Microsoft Azure Active Directory SSO: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/manage-
apps/what-is-single-sign-on
General overview of SSO: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_sign-on

Question: 16 CertyIQ
Your company has recently acquired three growing startups in three different countries. You want to reduce
overhead in infrastructure management and keep your costs low without sacrificing security and quality of service
to your customers.
How should you meet these requirements?

A. Host all your subsidiaries' services on-premises together with your existing services.
B. Host all your subsidiaries' services together with your existing services on the public cloud.
C. Build a homogenous infrastructure at each subsidiary, and invest in training their engineers.
D. Build a homogenous infrastructure at each subsidiary, and invest in hiring more engineers.

Answer: B

Explanation:

The most effective approach to managing newly acquired, geographically dispersed startups while minimizing
overhead, controlling costs, and maintaining security and service quality is to consolidate their services on a
public cloud platform (Option B).

On-premises hosting (Option A) would introduce significant overhead in terms of infrastructure management,
hardware procurement, and maintenance across multiple locations. It also increases capital expenditure.

Building homogenous infrastructures at each subsidiary (Options C & D) would also lead to higher costs and
staffing complexities. It would also require maintaining expertise across multiple locations.

Public cloud providers offer economies of scale, where resources can be provisioned on demand, significantly
reducing infrastructure management burden. Cloud platforms like Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Amazon Web
Services (AWS), or Microsoft Azure provide readily available, scalable, and secure infrastructure, allowing the
company to avoid the complexities of managing physical servers. Cloud providers also offer built-in security
features, allowing for consistent security policies across the entire infrastructure and a simplified method of
keeping them updated. The inherent pay-as-you-go model of cloud computing helps optimize costs.
Furthermore, cloud services are often equipped with robust monitoring tools, enabling proactive performance
management. This approach also allows for better collaboration and resource sharing within the newly formed
conglomerate, which would be difficult to accomplish using a traditional on-premises infrastructure.

Supporting Links:
 Cloud Computing Benefits: https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-cloud-computing (Google Cloud)
Public Cloud vs. On-Premise: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/resources/cloud-computing-dictionary/what-
is-public-cloud/ (Microsoft Azure)
Cloud Cost Optimization: https://aws.amazon.com/cost-optimization/ (Amazon Web Services)

Question: 17 CertyIQ
What is the difference between Standard and Coldline storage?

A. Coldline storage is for data for which a slow transfer rate is acceptable.
B. Standard and Coldline storage have different durability guarantees.
C. Standard and Coldline storage use different APIs.
D. Coldline storage is for infrequently accessed data.

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. Coldline storage is for infrequently accessed data.

Here's a detailed justification:

Google Cloud Storage offers different storage classes optimized for varying access patterns and cost
considerations. Standard storage is designed for frequently accessed data that requires high availability and
low latency. This class is ideal for active applications and frequently used files. In contrast, Coldline storage is
specifically designed for data that is infrequently accessed, typically less than once a month. It offers lower
storage costs compared to Standard but comes with higher access costs, including retrieval fees and slightly
longer retrieval times.

Option A is incorrect because while Coldline may have a slightly lower performance compared to Standard it's
not primarily about transfer rates but more about access frequency and latency. Options B and C are also
incorrect because both Standard and Coldline offer the same durability guarantees and utilize the same APIs
for interaction. They differ only in performance, access costs, and pricing. The key differentiator between the
storage classes is their suitability for different data access patterns. Standard excels with frequent access,
while Coldline is cost-optimized for infrequently accessed data archives, backups, and compliance storage.
Choosing the right storage class significantly impacts both cost and performance. Therefore, option D
accurately reflects the fundamental distinction between Standard and Coldline storage, highlighting their
target use cases based on access frequency.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Storage: Storage classes: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/storage-classes

Choosing a storage option: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/choose-storage-option

Question: 18 CertyIQ
What would provide near-unlimited availability of computing resources without requiring your organization to
procure and provision new equipment?

A. Public cloud
B. Containers
C. Private cloud
D. Microservices
 Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A, Public cloud. Public clouds, such as Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Amazon Web
Services (AWS), and Microsoft Azure, offer on-demand access to a vast pool of computing resources,
including processing power, storage, and networking. This eliminates the need for organizations to invest in
and maintain their own physical infrastructure. Public clouds utilize a shared resource model, allowing users
to scale resources up or down quickly based on demand, providing near-unlimited availability. This elasticity
enables organizations to handle fluctuating workloads and peak traffic without experiencing performance
bottlenecks. Furthermore, the service provider manages the underlying hardware, ensuring redundancy and
high availability. This inherent scalability and availability, combined with pay-as-you-go pricing, makes public
clouds a highly suitable solution for organizations seeking near-unlimited resources without incurring capital
expenditures. Containers (B), while useful for application deployment, don't inherently provide infrastructure;
they still need to run on compute resources. Private clouds (C) require organizations to own and manage their
infrastructure, so they don't offer the same level of on-demand scalability or availability as public clouds.
Microservices (D) are an architectural approach and don't directly relate to infrastructure provisioning.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud: What is Cloud Computing? https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-cloud-computing

NIST Definition of Cloud Computing: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-
145.pdf
AWS: What is Cloud Computing? https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-cloud-computing/

Question: 19 CertyIQ
You are a program manager for a team of developers who are building an event-driven application to allow users to
follow one another's activities in the app. Each time a user adds himself as a follower of another user, a write
occurs in the real-time database.
The developers will develop a lightweight piece of code that can respond to database writes and generate a
notification to let the appropriate users know that they have gained new followers. The code should integrate with
other cloud services such as Pub/Sub, Firebase, and Cloud APIs to streamline the orchestration process. The
application requires a platform that automatically manages underlying infrastructure and scales to zero when
there is no activity.
Which primary compute resource should your developers select, given these requirements?

A. Google Kubernetes Engine

B. Cloud Functions
C. App Engine flexible environment
D. Compute Engine

Answer: B

Explanation:

Cloud Functions is the optimal choice because it aligns perfectly with the described requirements for an
event-driven application. The core functionality revolves around responding to real-time database writes,
which Cloud Functions directly supports through its event triggers. These triggers automatically initiate
function execution upon specific database events, removing the need for manual polling or complex
orchestration. Being serverless, Cloud Functions abstracts away the underlying infrastructure management,
allowing developers to focus solely on the code itself, thus reducing operational overhead. The platform
scales automatically based on the volume of events, including scaling to zero when inactive, which satisfies
the requirement for cost efficiency and resource optimization. Furthermore, Cloud Functions readily
integrates with other Google Cloud services like Pub/Sub, Firebase, and various APIs, facilitating streamlined
 data flow and orchestration for the application. Unlike Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE), which involves
managing container clusters, or App Engine flexible environment, which still requires some infrastructure
configuration, Cloud Functions delivers a truly serverless, event-driven execution environment ideal for this
use case. Compute Engine involves manually managing virtual machines, which would not be an ideal solution
for lightweight serverless computations.

Supporting Links:

Cloud Functions Overview: https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/concepts/overview

Event-Driven Cloud Functions: https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/concepts/event-driven
Cloud Functions Triggers: https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/concepts/triggering

Question: 20 CertyIQ
Your organization is developing an application that will capture a large amount of data from millions of different
sensor devices spread all around the world. Your organization needs a database that is suitable for worldwide,
high-speed data storage of a large amount of unstructured data.
Which Google Cloud product should your organization choose?

A. Firestore
B. Cloud Data Fusion
C. Cloud SQL
D. Cloud Bigtable

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. Cloud Bigtable. Here's why:

Cloud Bigtable is a fully managed, scalable NoSQL database service designed for massive workloads. Its key
strengths align perfectly with the scenario: handling huge volumes of unstructured data, offering high-speed
reads and writes, and scaling globally. The application's need for worldwide data storage and high velocity
ingestion of sensor data makes Bigtable a particularly apt choice. Firestore (A) is better suited for mobile and
web app data with a strong document-oriented model, not the unstructured data from sensors. Cloud Data
Fusion (B) is an ETL service, it is used to extract, transform and load data, not a database to store large
amounts of unstructured data. Cloud SQL (C) is a relational database service and does not work well for large
quantities of unstructured data nor is it designed for global scalability at the same level as Bigtable. Bigtable
uses a column-oriented storage model, which is optimized for write-heavy scenarios and allows efficient data
retrieval across very large datasets. Its capability to auto-scale helps in handling fluctuating traffic and data
growth, making it robust for a worldwide sensor network. Bigtable's global replication further ensures low
latency access from different geographic locations. It's highly reliable and designed for operational analytics
and real-time applications. Therefore, for the specific requirements of high-speed, global storage of
unstructured data from millions of sensors, Cloud Bigtable is the most suitable Google Cloud offering.

Authoritative Links:

Cloud Bigtable Overview: https://cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs/overview

Cloud Bigtable Use Cases: https://cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs/use-cases
Choosing a database on Google Cloud: https://cloud.google.com/learn/choose-the-right-database-service-
on-google-cloud

Question: 21 CertyIQ
Your organization needs to build streaming data pipelines. You don't want to manage the individual servers that do
the data processing in the pipelines. Instead, you want a managed service that will automatically scale with the
amount of data to be processed.
Which Google Cloud product or feature should your organization choose?

A. Pub/Sub
B. Dataflow
C. Data Catalog
D. Dataprep by Trifacta

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Dataflow.

Dataflow is Google Cloud's fully managed, serverless data processing service for both batch and stream data.
It's designed for building and executing data pipelines that transform and enrich data. The core requirement is
for a managed service that avoids server management while automatically scaling with data volume, which
perfectly aligns with Dataflow's capabilities. Dataflow leverages Apache Beam, an open-source programming
model, allowing users to define their pipelines in a portable and scalable way. The service handles resource
allocation, scaling, and fault tolerance, abstracting away the complexities of infrastructure management. This
automation enables organizations to focus on the business logic of their data pipelines instead of
infrastructure concerns. Pub/Sub (A) is a messaging service used for asynchronous communication between
applications but does not process the data itself. Data Catalog (C) is a metadata management service for
discovering and understanding data assets. Dataprep by Trifacta (D) is a data preparation service for cleaning
and transforming data interactively. While these services may complement Dataflow, they do not provide the
managed data processing and auto-scaling capabilities required. Dataflow is specifically designed for the
described scenario, making it the ideal choice. It seamlessly handles large datasets in real-time, a key aspect
when discussing streaming data pipelines.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Dataflow Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/dataflow/docs

Apache Beam: https://beam.apache.org/
Google Cloud Dataflow Product Page: https://cloud.google.com/dataflow

Question: 22 CertyIQ
Your organization is building an application running in Google Cloud. Currently, software builds, tests, and regular
deployments are done manually, but you want to reduce work for the team. Your organization wants to use Google
Cloud managed solutions to automate your build, testing, and deployment process.
Which Google Cloud product or feature should your organization use?

A. Cloud Scheduler
B. Cloud Code
C. Cloud Build
D. Cloud Deployment Manager

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C. Cloud Build. Cloud Build is a fully managed, serverless continuous integration and
continuous delivery (CI/CD) platform provided by Google Cloud. It enables automated building, testing, and
 deployment of software projects. Unlike the other options, Cloud Build is explicitly designed to handle the
entire CI/CD pipeline. Cloud Scheduler (A) is for scheduling tasks but doesn't provide build or deployment
functionality. Cloud Code (B) is an IDE extension for developing cloud-native applications, but it does not
handle the automation aspects of builds and deployments. Cloud Deployment Manager (D) is an
Infrastructure-as-Code tool for provisioning Google Cloud resources, and although deployment plays a part of
the larger build and release cycle, its primary function isn't software builds and automation. Cloud Build
integrates with other Google Cloud services and various code repositories. It allows defining build
configurations with steps for compiling code, running tests, creating container images and ultimately
deploying the application to different environments, aligning with the organization's goal of automating these
processes. By leveraging Cloud Build, the team can reduce manual effort and achieve faster, reliable software
releases through automation, while still having oversight and control over the build process. This aligns with
best practices in DevOps and the desire to achieve CI/CD.

Authoritative Links:

Cloud Build Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/build/docs

CI/CD Overview on Google Cloud: https://cloud.google.com/solutions/devops/ci-cd
Google Cloud DevOps Guide: https://cloud.google.com/devops

Question: 23 CertyIQ
Which Google Cloud product can report on and maintain compliance on your entire Google Cloud organization to
cover multiple projects?

A. Cloud Logging
B. Identity and Access Management
C. Google Cloud Armor
D. Security Command Center

Answer: D

Explanation:

Security Command Center (SCC) is the correct answer because it's specifically designed to provide a
comprehensive security and compliance overview across an entire Google Cloud organization. It aggregates
security findings and identifies misconfigurations, allowing you to monitor and enforce compliance policies
across multiple projects from a centralized dashboard. This holistic view is crucial for maintaining consistent
security posture and adhering to industry regulations. Cloud Logging, while valuable for audit trails, doesn't
offer the proactive compliance monitoring and remediation features of SCC. Identity and Access Management
(IAM) controls user access but doesn't analyze the system's compliance state. Google Cloud Armor provides
web application security, not organizational compliance management. SCC, conversely, has features like
Security Health Analytics, which automatically detects vulnerabilities and compliance violations based on
pre-defined rules, and integrated reporting capabilities that demonstrate adherence to various compliance
standards like PCI DSS, HIPAA, and SOC 2. Its centralized approach simplifies the complexity of managing
compliance across multiple projects.

https://cloud.google.com/security-command-centerhttps://cloud.google.com/security-command-
center/docs/overview

Question: 24 CertyIQ
Your organization needs to establish private network connectivity between its on-premises network and its
workloads running in Google Cloud. You need to be able to set up the connection as soon as possible.
Which Google Cloud product or feature should you use?

A. Cloud Interconnect
B. Direct Peering
C. Cloud VPN
D. Cloud CDN

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C, Cloud VPN. Cloud VPN provides a quick and cost-effective way to establish an
encrypted, private connection between your on-premises network and Google Cloud. It uses IPSec tunnels
over the public internet, making it a readily available solution with minimal setup time compared to
alternatives. While Cloud Interconnect (A) offers dedicated, higher-bandwidth connections, it involves longer
provisioning times and greater complexity. Direct Peering (B) is a highly specialized option for large-scale
networks and is not suitable for rapid deployment. Cloud CDN (D) is a content delivery network and does not
provide private network connectivity. Cloud VPN's ease of setup and reliance on the public internet make it
the fastest option to establish initial connectivity. Furthermore, Cloud VPN offers a secure channel for data
transfer through IPSec encryption. This meets the immediate need for private network connectivity while also
ensuring data confidentiality in transit. For initial hybrid connectivity needs with an emphasis on speed, Cloud
VPN is the ideal choice over more complex or irrelevant alternatives.

Supporting Links:

Cloud VPN Overview: https://cloud.google.com/vpn/docs/concepts/overview

Cloud Interconnect Overview: https://cloud.google.com/network-
connectivity/docs/interconnect/concepts/overview
Direct Peering Overview: https://cloud.google.com/network-connectivity/docs/peering/concepts/overview

Question: 25 CertyIQ
Your organization is developing a mobile app and wants to select a fully featured cloud-based compute platform
for it.
Which Google Cloud product or feature should your organization use?

A. Google Kubernetes Engine

B. Firebase
C. Cloud Functions
D. App Engine

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Firebase. Firebase is a comprehensive platform specifically designed for building and
scaling mobile and web applications. It offers a wide array of services including backend infrastructure,
databases, authentication, analytics, cloud storage, and more, which are readily available and require minimal
setup and management. This makes it ideal for organizations seeking a fully featured cloud-based compute
platform for a mobile app. While Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) and App Engine (mentioned in options A
and D) are powerful compute platforms, they are generally more complex to set up and manage compared to
Firebase. They are also not specifically geared towards mobile app development. Cloud Functions (option C)
provides a serverless compute environment, which is a useful component, but it is just a part of a larger
 solution. Firebase integrates serverless functions with its backend services as well. Firebase offers a simpler
path for mobile app development by providing out-of-the-box solutions for common features, reducing the
development overhead and accelerating the time-to-market.

Further Research:

Firebase Overview: https://firebase.google.com/docs/

Firebase Product Features: https://firebase.google.com/products
Comparing Compute Options on Google Cloud: (Consider searching for comparison articles on "Firebase vs
App Engine vs GKE" for more detailed breakdowns, such as
https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-development/compare-compute-options-on-google-
cloud which although not directly comparing firebase, offers insights into different compute choices).

Question: 26 CertyIQ
Your company has been using a shared facility for data storage and will be migrating to Google Cloud. One of the
internal applications uses Linux custom images that need to be migrated.
Which Google Cloud product should you use to maintain the custom images?

A. App Engine flexible environment

B. Compute Engine
C. App Engine standard environment
D. Google Kubernetes Engine

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Compute Engine. Here's why:

Compute Engine is Google Cloud's Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) offering. It provides virtual machines
(VMs) where you have full control over the operating system and environment, including custom images. This
is crucial for maintaining and utilizing the existing Linux custom images specified in the scenario. You can
import your custom images into Compute Engine and use them to create VM instances.

App Engine, in both its standard and flexible environments, is a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) offering focused
on application deployment and scalability. While App Engine supports applications, it doesn't directly manage
or provide granular control over custom VM images. You generally deploy code, not VM images, onto App
Engine. Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) is a container orchestration service, best suited for managing
containerized applications, not raw custom VM images. It would be an unnecessary layer of complexity for the
stated task of managing and utilizing custom images. The question specifically mentions "maintaining"
custom images, which Compute Engine directly addresses through its image management features. With
Compute Engine, you can store, version, and manage your custom Linux images. This makes it the ideal
service for this requirement.

Therefore, the most appropriate and efficient choice for managing and migrating custom Linux images is
Compute Engine due to its IaaS nature and direct support for custom image utilization and maintenance.

Authoritative Links for Further Research:

Compute Engine: https://cloud.google.com/compute

Importing custom images to Compute Engine: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/import/import-
images
App Engine: https://cloud.google.com/appengine
Google Kubernetes Engine: https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine
 IaaS vs. PaaS: https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-iaas

Question: 27 CertyIQ
Your organization wants to migrate its data management solutions to Google Cloud because it needs to
dynamically scale up or down and to run transactional
SQL queries against historical data at scale. Which Google Cloud product or service should your organization use?

A. BigQuery
B. Cloud Bigtable
C. Pub/Sub
D. Cloud Spanner

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. Cloud Spanner. Here's why:

Cloud Spanner is a globally distributed, scalable, and strongly consistent database service. It's designed to
handle transactional workloads with the ability to scale horizontally, meeting the requirement of dynamically
scaling up or down. Furthermore, Cloud Spanner supports SQL for querying data, which enables running
transactional SQL queries against historical data at scale, as the organization needs.

BigQuery (option A) is primarily designed for analytical workloads and large datasets, not transactional
processing. While it uses SQL, its focus is on data warehousing and analysis rather than real-time
transactional operations. Cloud Bigtable (option B) is a NoSQL database ideal for high throughput and low
latency data access, but it doesn't offer SQL capabilities for complex queries. Pub/Sub (option C) is a
messaging service used for asynchronous communication between applications and isn't a database solution.

Therefore, Cloud Spanner is the only option that provides both the dynamic scaling capabilities and the
transactional SQL querying against historical data at scale as required. It offers the best fit for the described
scenario, supporting online transaction processing (OLTP) with strong consistency while providing horizontal
scalability.

For further research, explore these official Google Cloud resources:

Cloud Spanner Overview: https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/overview

When to use Spanner: https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/choose-spanner
Cloud Spanner features: https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/features

Question: 28 CertyIQ
Your organization needs to categorize objects in a large group of static images using machine learning. Which
Google Cloud product or service should your organization use?

A. BigQuery ML
B. AutoML Video Intelligence
C. Cloud Vision API
D. AutoML Tables

Answer: C

Explanation:
 The correct answer is C. Cloud Vision API. Here's why:

Cloud Vision API is a powerful service within Google Cloud specifically designed for image analysis and
understanding. It provides pre-trained models capable of performing tasks such as object detection, label
detection, facial recognition, text recognition (OCR), and more, directly from images. This aligns perfectly with
the stated requirement of categorizing objects within a group of static images using machine learning.

BigQuery ML (Option A) is primarily used for creating and executing machine learning models on data stored
within BigQuery. While it's great for data analysis and prediction tasks using structured data, it's not directly
suited for analyzing image content.

AutoML Video Intelligence (Option B) focuses on analyzing video content, not static images. Although video
analysis can involve extracting information from frames, the core purpose and features of this service are
geared towards temporal data.

AutoML Tables (Option D) is a tool for building custom machine learning models using tabular data, which
again doesn't fit the need for image analysis.

Therefore, Cloud Vision API provides the ready-to-use, pre-trained models that are ideal for the task of object
categorization in static images. It abstracts away the complexities of training custom models, making it a
time-efficient and cost-effective solution. The other options would require significantly more effort and would
not be the appropriate choice for this specific use case.

For further research, please refer to the official Google Cloud documentation:

Cloud Vision API Overview: https://cloud.google.com/vision/docs/overview

BigQuery ML Overview: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/bigqueryml-intro
AutoML Video Intelligence Overview: https://cloud.google.com/video-intelligence/automl/docs/
AutoML Tables Overview: https://cloud.google.com/automl-tables/docs

Question: 29 CertyIQ
Your organization runs all its workloads on Compute Engine virtual machine instances. Your organization has a
security requirement: the virtual machines are not allowed to access the public internet. The workloads running on
those virtual machines need to access BigQuery and Cloud Storage, using their publicly accessible interfaces,
without violating the security requirement.
Which Google Cloud product or feature should your organization use?

A. Identity-Aware Proxy
B. Cloud NAT (network address translation)
C. VPC internal load balancers
D. Private Google Access

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. Private Google Access. Here's why:

Private Google Access allows virtual machine instances within a VPC network that do not have external IP
addresses to access Google Cloud services (like BigQuery and Cloud Storage) via Google's private network.
This fulfills the requirement of no public internet access for the VMs while still enabling communication with
necessary Google services. It achieves this by routing traffic to these services through Google's internal
network, bypassing the public internet.

Option A, Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP), is primarily used for controlling access to web applications hosted on
 Google Cloud, not for enabling general service access without public IPs. Option B, Cloud NAT, enables VMs
without external IPs to initiate outbound connections to the public internet, which directly contradicts the
security requirement. Option C, VPC internal load balancers, distribute traffic within a VPC but do not provide
connectivity to external Google services.

Private Google Access aligns perfectly with the scenario: VMs needing secure access to Google services
without public IPs, by utilizing Google's internal network for service communication. It maintains the required
security posture by preventing public internet exposure, making it the ideal solution.

Further Research:

Private Google Access: https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/private-google-access

VPC network overview: https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/vpc

Question: 30 CertyIQ
Which Google Cloud product is designed to reduce the risks of handling personally identifiable information (PII)?

A. Cloud Storage
B. Google Cloud Armor
C. Cloud Data Loss Prevention
D. Secret Manager

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C, Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP). DLP is specifically designed to identify, classify,
and protect sensitive data, including Personally Identifiable Information (PII). It achieves this through various
techniques like pattern matching, regular expressions, and context analysis, which enable it to detect PII in
diverse data formats and locations. Cloud Storage (A) is a general-purpose storage service and lacks built-in
PII detection capabilities. Google Cloud Armor (B) primarily provides web application security, focusing on
protecting against threats like DDoS attacks rather than PII management. Secret Manager (D) securely stores
secrets, such as API keys and passwords, and is not intended for discovering or masking PII in datasets. Cloud
DLP, on the other hand, offers features like data masking and redaction to safeguard PII during processing
and storage, aligning with data privacy regulations. By utilizing DLP, organizations can minimize the risks
associated with handling PII by actively identifying and mitigating potential exposures. Therefore, it is the
most suitable Google Cloud product for reducing PII risks.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP): https://cloud.google.com/dlp

Google Cloud Data Loss Prevention documentation: https://cloud.google.com/dlp/docs
Google Cloud Storage: https://cloud.google.com/storage
Google Cloud Armor: https://cloud.google.com/armor
Google Cloud Secret Manager: https://cloud.google.com/secret-manager

Question: 31 CertyIQ
Your organization is migrating to Google Cloud. As part of that effort, it needs to move terabytes of data from on-
premises file servers to Cloud Storage. Your organization wants the migration process to be automated and to be
managed by Google. Your organization has an existing Dedicated Interconnect connection that it wants to use.
Which Google Cloud product or feature should your organization use?
 A. Storage Transfer Service
B. Migrate for Anthos
C. BigQuery Data Transfer Service
D. Transfer Appliance

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A, Storage Transfer Service. This service is specifically designed to automate the
transfer of large datasets into Google Cloud Storage. It supports various source locations, including on-
premises file systems, making it ideal for the scenario described. The key requirement of automation and
management by Google is directly addressed by Storage Transfer Service, which handles the entire transfer
process. It also integrates with existing Dedicated Interconnect connections, allowing for secure and efficient
data migration over the organization's existing infrastructure, leveraging its high bandwidth capacity. Unlike
Migrate for Anthos, which is focused on migrating virtual machines, and BigQuery Data Transfer Service,
which specializes in data loading into BigQuery, Storage Transfer Service is purpose-built for bulk data
transfer to Cloud Storage. Transfer Appliance, while a valid option for large-scale transfers, involves a
physical appliance, making it less suitable for the automation requirements in this case where an existing
interconnect exists. Therefore, the Storage Transfer Service is the most appropriate tool for a large,
automated data transfer from on-premises to Google Cloud Storage using an existing Dedicated Interconnect.
This service provides robust management and is optimized for this type of migration task.

Supporting links:

Google Cloud Storage Transfer Service: https://cloud.google.com/storage-transfer-service

Google Cloud Dedicated Interconnect: https://cloud.google.com/network-connectivity/docs/interconnect/

Question: 32 CertyIQ
Your organization needs to analyze data in order to gather insights into its daily operations. You only want to pay
for the data you store and the queries you perform. Which Google Cloud product should your organization choose
for its data analytics warehouse?

A. Cloud SQL
B. Dataproc
C. Cloud Spanner
D. BigQuery

Answer: D

Explanation:

BigQuery is the correct choice for a data analytics warehouse that adheres to a pay-per-usage model (storage
and queries). It's a fully managed, serverless data warehouse, meaning you don't need to provision or manage
infrastructure. This contrasts with options like Cloud SQL, which is a relational database service where you
manage the underlying infrastructure and pay for the instance's uptime, regardless of query volume. Dataproc
is a managed Hadoop and Spark service, suited for data processing rather than a dedicated data warehouse.
Cloud Spanner, while also fully managed, is a globally distributed, scalable database designed for
transactional workloads, not analytical ones, and it charges based on nodes provisioned. BigQuery's
serverless architecture ensures you're only charged for the data you store and the actual compute time used
by your queries. This cost-effective model makes it ideal for businesses that need on-demand analytics
without the overhead of managing infrastructure or paying for idle resources. Its columnar storage format
also optimizes performance for analytical queries, and its seamless integration with Google's ecosystem
 facilitates efficient data processing.

Here are some authoritative links to further research:

BigQuery Overview: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/introduction

BigQuery Pricing: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/pricing
Cloud SQL Overview: https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/introduction
Dataproc Overview: https://cloud.google.com/dataproc/docs/concepts/overview
Cloud Spanner Overview: https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/overview

Question: 33 CertyIQ
Your organization wants to run a container-based application on Google Cloud. This application is expected to
increase in complexity. You have a security need for fine-grained control of traffic between the containers. You
also have an operational need to exercise fine-grained control over the application's scaling policies.
What Google Cloud product or feature should your organization use?

A. Google Kubernetes Engine cluster

B. App Engine
C. Cloud Run
D. Compute Engine virtual machines

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A, Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). GKE is the most suitable option because it directly
addresses the stated requirements of managing a complex containerized application with fine-grained control
over traffic and scaling. Kubernetes, the underlying technology for GKE, provides robust features for network
policies that enforce access restrictions between containers, fulfilling the security need for fine-grained
control. Furthermore, Kubernetes enables highly customized scaling policies through its Horizontal Pod
Autoscaler and other features, allowing for intricate management of application resources based on various
metrics. App Engine (B) is a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) offering that simplifies deployment, but it lacks the
granular control over networking and scaling necessary for a complex container application. Cloud Run (C)
provides serverless container execution, ideal for stateless workloads, but might not be the best fit for
applications requiring intricate custom scaling strategies and networking configurations. Compute Engine
virtual machines (D) offer flexibility, but the responsibility of managing container orchestration and
networking rests with the user, adding significant operational overhead. GKE, by contrast, provides a
managed Kubernetes environment, abstracting away much of this complexity while still providing extensive
control over the platform. Therefore, GKE is the optimal choice for managing a growing application with
stringent security and scaling requirements.

Authoritative Links for Further Research:

Google Kubernetes Engine: https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine

Kubernetes Network Policies: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/
Kubernetes Autoscaling: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale/
Cloud Run: https://cloud.google.com/run
App Engine: https://cloud.google.com/appengine
Compute Engine: https://cloud.google.com/compute

Question: 34 CertyIQ
Which Google Cloud product or feature makes specific recommendations based on security risks and compliance
violations?

A. Google Cloud firewalls

B. Security Command Center
C. Cloud Deployment Manager
D. Google Cloud Armor

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B, Security Command Center. Security Command Center is Google Cloud's central
security and risk management service. It actively scans your Google Cloud environment for vulnerabilities,
misconfigurations, and policy violations. Crucially, it doesn't just report findings; it provides prioritized,
actionable recommendations on how to remediate these issues. These recommendations are often specific,
guiding users on how to correct security risks and compliance issues, like weak permissions or insecure
network configurations. In contrast, Google Cloud firewalls (A) control network traffic based on predefined
rules, Cloud Deployment Manager (C) automates infrastructure deployments, and Google Cloud Armor (D)
provides web application firewalls. These tools contribute to security but don't provide specific, risk-based
recommendations like Security Command Center. Security Command Center goes beyond reactive detection
by proactively helping you strengthen your security posture. Its focus on both identifying issues and
suggesting remediation steps makes it the ideal product for providing specific recommendations related to
security and compliance. It leverages threat intelligence and compliance benchmarks to provide context to
these recommendations.

For more information, see:

Google Cloud Security Command Center Overview: https://cloud.google.com/security-command-

center/docs/overview
Security Command Center Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/security-command-center/docs

Question: 35 CertyIQ
Which Google Cloud product provides a consistent platform for multi-cloud application deployments and extends
other Google Cloud services to your organization's environment?

A. Google Kubernetes Engine

B. Virtual Public Cloud
C. Compute Engine
D. Anthos

Answer: D

Explanation:

Anthos is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to provide a consistent platform for managing
and deploying applications across multiple cloud environments, including Google Cloud, on-premises data
centers, and other public clouds. This hybrid and multi-cloud capability is a core feature of Anthos. It achieves
this through a unified control plane built on Kubernetes, allowing users to manage workloads consistently
regardless of where they are running. Unlike Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) which primarily focuses on
Kubernetes management within Google Cloud, Anthos extends GKE capabilities to other locations. Virtual
Private Cloud (VPC) is a networking service within Google Cloud, not a multi-cloud platform, and Compute
Engine provides virtual machines within Google Cloud, lacking the multi-cloud reach of Anthos. Anthos
 enables consistent policy enforcement, security management, and observability across the entire multi-cloud
landscape, making it ideal for organizations seeking a unified management experience. It also allows for the
extension of Google Cloud services like AI/ML and data analytics to these diverse environments. Anthos
leverages technologies like Config Sync, Policy Controller, and Service Mesh to deliver these capabilities.

For further research, consider the following resources:

Google Cloud Anthos Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/anthos/docs

Anthos Overview: https://cloud.google.com/anthos
TechCrunch Article on Anthos: https://techcrunch.com/2019/04/09/google-launches-anthos-its-hybrid-
cloud-platform/

Question: 36 CertyIQ
Your organization is developing an application that will manage payments and online bank accounts located
around the world. The most critical requirement for your database is that each transaction is handled consistently.
Your organization anticipates almost unlimited growth in the amount of data stored.
Which Google Cloud product should your organization choose?

A. Cloud SQL
B. Cloud Storage
C. Firestore
D. Cloud Spanner

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D, Cloud Spanner. Here's why:

The core requirement is consistent transaction handling (ACID properties), particularly with payments and
financial data. This mandates a database with strong consistency guarantees. Cloud Spanner excels in this
area, offering globally distributed, strongly consistent transactions. It's specifically designed for applications
that need high availability and consistency at a global scale.

Cloud SQL (option A) provides relational database services, but scaling and maintaining strong consistency
across regions can become complex. Cloud Storage (option B) is object storage; it's inappropriate for
transactional data that needs consistent writes and reads. Firestore (option C) is a NoSQL document
database, suitable for unstructured or semi-structured data; it does not provide the same level of global
transactional consistency as Spanner.

Cloud Spanner's architecture enables horizontal scalability, allowing it to handle the organization’s
anticipated data growth without sacrificing data consistency. It achieves this by utilizing a globally distributed
architecture and a unique consensus algorithm that guarantees data consistency across all replicas. Its ability
to perform cross-region transactions and its support for SQL make it suitable for a global payments
application. For a system managing payments and bank accounts, data accuracy and integrity are paramount.
Cloud Spanner provides the most appropriate balance between scalability, consistency, and availability for
this use case.

Authoritative Links:

Cloud Spanner Overview: https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/overview

Cloud Spanner Use Cases: https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/use-cases
Cloud Spanner Consistency: https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/concepts/data-consistency
Question: 37 CertyIQ
Your organization wants an economical solution to store data such as files, graphical images, and videos and to
access and share them securely.
Which Google Cloud product or service should your organization use?

A. Cloud Storage
B. Cloud SQL
C. Cloud Spanner
D. BigQuery

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A. Cloud Storage. Cloud Storage is Google Cloud's object storage service designed for
storing unstructured data like files, images, and videos. It offers highly scalable and durable storage, making
it suitable for large datasets. Its cost-effectiveness arises from its pay-as-you-go model and various storage
classes (e.g., Standard, Nearline, Coldline, Archive) that optimize costs based on access frequency. Cloud
Storage also integrates with Identity and Access Management (IAM) for granular control over data access and
sharing, ensuring security. Options B, C, and D are inappropriate for this scenario. Cloud SQL (B) is a managed
relational database service, ideal for structured data. Cloud Spanner (C) is a globally distributed, scalable
database, again for structured data and not optimized for file storage. BigQuery (D) is a data warehouse
service designed for large-scale analytics, not general file storage. Therefore, Cloud Storage aligns perfectly
with the requirements of economical, secure storage and sharing of files, images, and videos.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Storage Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs

Cloud Storage Pricing: https://cloud.google.com/storage/pricing

Question: 38 CertyIQ
Your organization wants to predict the behavior of visitors to its public website. To do that, you have decided to
build a machine learning model. Your team has database-related skills but only basic machine learning skills, and
would like to use those database skills.
Which Google Cloud product or feature should your organization choose?

A. BigQuery ML
B. LookML
C. TensorFlow
D. Cloud SQL

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A. BigQuery ML.

Here's why:

BigQuery ML allows users to create and execute machine learning models using standard SQL queries
directly within the BigQuery data warehouse. This leverages the existing database skills of the team,
eliminating the need for extensive coding in Python or other specialized languages typically required for
machine learning. This alignment with SQL makes it accessible for data professionals comfortable with
 database concepts, fostering easier adoption and faster development cycles.

The other options are less suitable for the team's skillset and requirements:

B. LookML is a modeling language for data analytics within the Looker platform. It focuses on defining data
relationships and metrics, not machine learning model creation.
C. TensorFlow is a powerful open-source machine learning framework. While widely used, it requires
specialized skills in Python and deep learning concepts, which the team lacks.
D. Cloud SQL is a managed database service, not a machine learning platform. It stores and manages data but
doesn't offer built-in machine learning capabilities.

BigQuery ML's tight integration with BigQuery also enables seamless data access and model deployment,
further streamlining the machine learning workflow. The ability to train and deploy models directly on data
residing in BigQuery reduces data movement and complexity. This approach is optimal for organizations
wanting to utilize machine learning with existing database proficiency.

Authoritative Links:

BigQuery ML documentation: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/bqml-introduction

Google Cloud's overview of BigQuery ML: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/ml

Question: 39 CertyIQ
Your organization needs to restrict access to a Cloud Storage bucket. Only employees who are based in Canada
should be allowed to view the contents.
What is the most effective and efficient way to satisfy this requirement?

A. Deploy the Cloud Storage bucket to a Google Cloud region in Canada

B. Configure Google Cloud Armor to allow access to the bucket only from IP addresses based in Canada
C. Give each employee who is based in Canada access to the bucket
D. Create a group consisting of all Canada-based employees, and give the group access to the bucket

Answer: D

Explanation:

The most effective and efficient solution is D. Create a group consisting of all Canada-based employees, and
give the group access to the bucket. This leverages Google Cloud's Identity and Access Management (IAM)
capabilities. Here's why:

Option D utilizes Google Groups, enabling you to manage permissions for multiple users simultaneously.
Instead of assigning access individually, you can add all Canada-based employees to a group and grant the
group the necessary Cloud Storage bucket access through IAM roles. This simplifies administration, reduces
errors, and ensures consistent policies.

Option A, deploying the bucket to a specific region, doesn't inherently restrict access based on employee
location. It merely dictates the geographical location of the data storage, not who can access it. Option B,
using Cloud Armor based on IP addresses, is unreliable for several reasons. IP addresses can be dynamic, and
employees might access resources from outside the expected IP range. Furthermore, managing a constantly
updated list of Canadian IPs is an administrative burden and difficult to maintain. Option C, individual access
assignment, is inefficient and difficult to maintain for a large number of employees. It also poses a challenge
when users join or leave the company.

Therefore, option D provides a manageable and scalable method for controlling access based on employee
location, adhering to the principle of least privilege, and making effective use of Google Cloud IAM's group
 access management.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud IAM: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs

Google Groups: https://support.google.com/groups/answer/2464926?hl=en
Cloud Storage IAM: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/access-control/iam

Question: 40 CertyIQ
Your organization is moving an application to Google Cloud. As part of that effort, it needs to migrate the
application's working database from another cloud provider to Cloud SQL. The database runs on the MySQL
engine. The migration must cause minimal disruption to users. Data must be secured while in transit.
Which should your organization use?

A. BigQuery Data Transfer Service

B. MySQL batch insert
C. Database Migration Service
D. Cloud Composer

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C. Database Migration Service (DMS). Here's a detailed justification:

DMS is specifically designed for migrating databases to Google Cloud with minimal downtime. It supports
various database engines, including MySQL, making it suitable for this scenario. The service facilitates both
homogeneous (same engine) and heterogeneous (different engine) migrations. DMS offers features for
continuous replication, allowing data changes to be synchronized from the source database to Cloud SQL
while the source database remains operational, minimizing user disruption. During the migration, DMS handles
data transfer securely using encrypted connections, adhering to the requirement for in-transit data security.

Option A, BigQuery Data Transfer Service, is primarily for importing data into BigQuery for analytics, not for
migrating operational databases like the one described. Option B, MySQL batch insert, involves manual data
export and import, which can be time-consuming and introduce significant downtime, failing to meet the
"minimal disruption" requirement. Cloud Composer (option D) is a managed workflow orchestration service,
which is not directly involved in database migration. Therefore, DMS is the optimal choice for a seamless and
secure MySQL database migration to Cloud SQL.

Supporting Links:

Database Migration Service: https://cloud.google.com/database-migration

Migrate MySQL to Cloud SQL: https://cloud.google.com/database-migration/docs/mysql/migrate-mysql
Database Migration Overview: https://cloud.google.com/database-migration/docs/overview

Question: 41 CertyIQ
Your organization is developing and deploying an application on Google Cloud. Tracking your Google Cloud
spending needs to stay as simple as possible.
What should you do to ensure that workloads in the development environment are fully isolated from production
workloads?

A. Apply a unique tag to development resources

 B. Associate the development resources with their own network
C. Associate the development resources with their own billing account
D. Put the development resources in their own project

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. Put the development resources in their own project.

Here's why: Google Cloud projects are the fundamental building blocks for organizing resources. They offer a
strong isolation boundary that encapsulates all resources within them. This means that resources in one
project are logically and administratively separated from resources in another.

By placing development resources into their own project and production resources into a separate project,
you achieve complete isolation. This prevents accidental interference, misconfiguration, or unintended
dependencies between the two environments. Furthermore, billing is tracked per project, making it
straightforward to understand spending for each.

Using tags (option A) is useful for metadata and resource identification but doesn't provide strong isolation. A
unique network (option B) can contribute to isolation, but project-level separation offers more comprehensive
boundaries including security policies, access control, and separate billing. While a separate billing account
(option C) could technically work, it's typically not the recommended approach for environment separation.
Projects are designed for this purpose, providing a better separation of concerns while keeping billing
manageable. Projects are the fundamental unit of organization and resource management in GCP.

Therefore, using separate projects is the most efficient and effective method to keep development and
production workloads isolated and ensure simple spending tracking for each. This approach aligns well with
the best practices for managing cloud resources in Google Cloud.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Resource Hierarchy: https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/cloud-platform-

resource-hierarchy
Organizing your Google Cloud Resources: https://cloud.google.com/docs/terraform/resource-
management/organization
Best practices for enterprise organizations: https://cloud.google.com/architecture/best-practices-for-
enterprise-organizations

Question: 42 CertyIQ
Your company is running the majority of its workloads in a co-located data center. The workloads are running on
virtual machines (VMs) on top of a hypervisor and use either Linux or Windows server editions. As part of your
company's transformation strategy, you need to modernize workloads as much as possible by adopting cloud-
native technologies. You need to migrate the workloads into Google Cloud.
What should you do?

A. Export the VMs into VMDK format, and import them into Compute Engine
B. Export the VMs into VMDK format, and import them into Google Cloud VMware Engine
C. Migrate the workloads using Migrate for Compute Engine
D. Migrate the workloads using Migrate for Anthos

Answer: D

Explanation:
 The correct answer is D. Migrate the workloads using Migrate for Anthos. Here's why:

The question emphasizes "modernizing workloads" and adopting "cloud-native technologies." While options A
and B focus on lifting and shifting VMs (which involves moving existing infrastructure directly to the cloud
with minimal changes), they don't directly enable modernization. Importing VMs to Compute Engine (A) simply
replicates the existing environment in Google Cloud, failing to leverage cloud-native benefits. Importing to
Google Cloud VMware Engine (B) still maintains a VMware environment rather than embracing Google Cloud's
ecosystem.

Migrate for Anthos (D), on the other hand, is specifically designed for application modernization. It allows you
to migrate VM-based applications into containers, which is a key step towards cloud-native adoption. Migrate
for Anthos automatically transforms VMs into Kubernetes containers, taking advantage of Google Kubernetes
Engine (GKE) which facilitates scalability, flexibility, and better resource utilization. While the question uses
the term "modernize workloads as much as possible" instead of a pure containerization requirement, the
context and phrasing heavily point towards that direction because that is where modernization is achieved the
most.

Option C, Migrate for Compute Engine, while useful for migrating VMs, doesn’t directly address the
modernization and cloud-native aspect that the question demands. It moves virtual machines as-is, similar to
options A and B, without taking advantage of Kubernetes and containerization.Thus, Migrate for Anthos is the
most suitable solution for modernizing and migrating workloads to Google Cloud, fulfilling the requirements
to embrace cloud-native technologies.

Authoritative Links:

Migrate for Anthos: https://cloud.google.com/migrate/anthos

Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF): https://www.cncf.io/
Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE): https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine
Modernization strategy: https://cloud.google.com/solutions/application-modernization

Question: 43 CertyIQ
Your organization is running all its workloads in a private cloud on top of a hypervisor. Your organization has
decided it wants to move to Google Cloud as quickly as possible. Your organization wants minimal changes to the
current environment, while using the maximum amount of managed services Google offers.
What should your organization do?

A. Migrate the workloads to Google Cloud VMware Engine

B. Migrate the workloads to Compute Engine
C. Migrate the workloads to Bare Metal Solution
D. Migrate the workloads to Google Kubernetes Engine

Answer: B

Explanation:

The optimal choice is B. Migrate the workloads to Compute Engine. Here's why:

The question emphasizes speed of migration, minimal changes, and leveraging managed services. Compute
Engine provides virtual machines (VMs), mirroring the organization's current hypervisor-based private cloud
setup. This allows a "lift and shift" migration, requiring minimal modifications to applications. Unlike Google
Cloud VMware Engine (A), which would maintain a VMware environment, Compute Engine is a more native
Google Cloud experience offering more potential for future optimization. Bare Metal Solution (C) is unsuitable
as it's not a managed service, requiring more maintenance. Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) (D) involves
containerizing applications, demanding significant changes and is not aligned with the requirement for
 minimal changes. Compute Engine allows the organization to rapidly move their existing VMs to Google Cloud,
benefiting from Google's infrastructure and managed services at the VM level. Furthermore, a lift-and-shift
migration to Compute Engine allows the organization to later modernize and embrace services like GKE, once
they are better positioned for it, allowing for a phased approach to cloud adoption. Compute Engine also
simplifies resource management with managed services like autoscaling, instance groups and load balancing.

Authoritative Links:

Google Compute Engine: https://cloud.google.com/compute

Migration to Compute Engine: https://cloud.google.com/migrate/compute-engine
Lift and Shift Migration: https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure/lift-and-shift-your-way-to-
google-cloud

Question: 44 CertyIQ
Your organization is releasing its first publicly available application in Google Cloud. The application is critical to
your business and customers and requires a 2- hour SLA.
How should your organization set up support to minimize costs?

A. Enroll in Premium Support

B. Enroll in Enhanced Support
C. Enroll in Standard Support
D. Enroll in Basic Support

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Enroll in Enhanced Support. Here's a detailed justification:

Google Cloud offers various support tiers, each catering to different business needs and criticality levels. The
tiers range from Basic (free) to Premium (most comprehensive, highest cost). The organization needs a 2-hour
SLA (Service Level Agreement) for its critical application. This implies a need for faster response times during
incidents, beyond the capabilities of Basic or Standard support. Basic support offers very limited response
times and lacks phone/chat support, making it unsuitable for a critical, customer-facing application with a 2-
hour SLA requirement. Standard Support offers business day email/chat response, which is insufficient for
the needed SLA.

Premium Support provides a 15-minute response time for P1 cases, along with technical account management.
However, the 2-hour SLA suggests that the organization doesn’t need the highest level of response and its
associated cost, making Enhanced Support a more cost-effective option for this scenario. Enhanced Support
offers 1-hour response time for P1 cases and 4-hour response time for P2 cases along with 24/7 support
making it the appropriate choice, balancing the required responsiveness with cost considerations. The need
for faster response times indicates that the application's criticality surpasses the capabilities of basic or
standard options. Choosing a higher-tier support like Premium may provide more support than needed, which
would increase the costs. Enhanced support matches the needed SLA, providing cost-effective 24/7 support.

Key Concepts:

Service Level Agreement (SLA): A commitment to a specific level of performance, availability, and support.
Support Tiers: Different levels of support offered by cloud providers, each with varying response times,
channels, and features.
Incident Priority: Classification of issues based on their business impact, allowing support teams to prioritize
resolution.
Cost Optimization: Balancing cost and service needs to ensure optimal resource utilization.
 Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Support: https://cloud.google.com/support - Official Google Cloud documentation detailing

support plans and SLAs.
Choosing the Right Support Package: https://cloud.google.com/support/docs/choose-the-right-support-
package - Guide on selecting the appropriate support package based on needs.

Question: 45 CertyIQ
Your organization offers public mobile apps and websites. You want to migrate to a Google Cloud-based solution
for checking and maintaining your users' usernames and passwords and controlling their access to different
resources based on their identity.
Which should your organization choose?

A. VPN tunnels
B. Identity Platform
C. Compute Engine firewall rules
D. Private Google Access

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B, Identity Platform. Identity Platform is a fully managed service designed for user
authentication and authorization. It provides a robust and scalable solution for managing user identities,
including usernames and passwords, and controlling access to applications and resources. This aligns
perfectly with the organization's need to manage user credentials and access for their public mobile apps and
websites.

VPN tunnels (Option A) establish secure connections between networks, not for managing user identities.
Compute Engine firewall rules (Option C) control network traffic to and from virtual machines, not user
authentication. Private Google Access (Option D) enables Google Cloud services within a private network to
access Google APIs and services, also unrelated to user identity management for external applications.

Identity Platform offers features such as multi-factor authentication, social logins, and password reset
functionality. It integrates seamlessly with Google Cloud and other services, enabling a centralized approach
to identity and access management. By choosing Identity Platform, the organization can offload the
complexities of user management, reduce security risks, and improve the overall user experience. Its focus on
authentication and authorization makes it the ideal solution for the specified requirements.

For more information, refer to:

Google Cloud Identity Platform documentation: https://cloud.google.com/identity-platform/docs

Google Cloud IAM documentation: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs

Question: 46 CertyIQ
Which Google Cloud service or feature lets you build machine learning models using Standard SQL and data in a
data warehouse?

A. BigQuery ML
B. TensorFlow
C. AutoML Tables
 D. Cloud Bigtable ML

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A. BigQuery ML.

BigQuery ML is a feature of Google BigQuery that allows users to create and execute machine learning
models directly within the data warehouse environment using standard SQL. This eliminates the need to
transfer data to separate machine learning platforms, streamlining the workflow. By integrating ML
capabilities into BigQuery, users can leverage their existing SQL skills and infrastructure to perform tasks like
model training, prediction, and evaluation. This enables analysts and data scientists to build and deploy ML
models more efficiently on large datasets stored in BigQuery. BigQuery ML supports various model types,
including linear regression, logistic regression, k-means clustering, and more complex models through
integration with TensorFlow. It is particularly suitable for applications requiring batch prediction and for
creating models from structured data.

TensorFlow (B) is a powerful open-source library for building and training machine learning models. However,
it is not a service, and doesn't directly enable using SQL within a data warehouse environment. AutoML Tables
(C) is a service for building custom machine learning models without requiring coding skills, but does not
focus on enabling ML within a data warehouse using SQL. Cloud Bigtable (D) is a NoSQL database service, not
a machine learning platform, and also does not use Standard SQL for ML model building. Therefore, BigQuery
ML is the only option that aligns with the specific question requirements.

Authoritative Links:

BigQuery ML Overview: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/bqml-introduction

BigQuery ML Supported Models: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-
sql/bigqueryml-syntax-create

Question: 47 CertyIQ
Your organization runs an application on virtual machines in Google Cloud. This application processes incoming
images. This activity takes hours to create a result for each image. The workload for this application normally stays
at a certain baseline level, but at regular intervals it spikes to a much greater workload.
Your organization needs to control the cost to run this application.
What should your organization do?

A. Purchase committed use discounts for the baseline load

B. Purchase committed use discounts for the expected spike load
C. Leverage sustained use discounts for your virtual machines
D. Run the workload on preemptible VM instances

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C. Leverage sustained use discounts for your virtual machines. Here's why:

The scenario describes a workload with a predictable baseline usage and periodic spikes. Sustained use
discounts (SUDs) are ideal for this situation because they automatically apply to VM instances that run for a
significant portion of the billing month. These discounts are tiered, meaning the longer a VM runs, the greater
the discount becomes, without requiring any upfront commitment. This directly addresses the baseline
workload cost, allowing the organization to benefit from reduced pricing for their consistent VM usage.
 Option A, purchasing committed use discounts (CUDs) for the baseline load, is a viable strategy, but it
commits the organization to a specific usage level for a 1 or 3 year period. While it offers a larger discount, it
might not accommodate fluctuations in baseline needs over that committed period. Option B, purchasing
CUDs for the spike load, is not cost-effective since the spike is periodic, and the commitment would incur
unnecessary cost when there is no spike.

Option D, running the workload on preemptible VMs, is suitable for batch processing that is fault-tolerant.
However, the requirement stated that it takes hours to create results so if a preemptible instance is
terminated, this would cause the organization to restart that work, negating the cost-effectiveness.

Therefore, leveraging SUDs effectively addresses the fluctuating usage pattern by automatically applying
savings based on the duration of VM usage, making it the most suitable approach for managing costs in this
scenario. Sustained use discounts provide flexibility without the commitment required by committed use
discounts, while reducing costs for the baseline workload.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Pricing Overview: https://cloud.google.com/pricing

Sustained Use Discounts: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts
Committed Use Discounts: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/committed-use-discounts
Preemptible VMs: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/preemptible

Question: 48 CertyIQ
Your organization is developing a plan for migrating to Google Cloud.
What is a best practice when initially configuring your Google Cloud environment?

A. Create a project via Google Cloud Console per department in your company
B. Define your resource hierarchy with an organization node on top
C. Create projects based on team members' requests
D. Make every member of your company the project owner

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Define your resource hierarchy with an organization node on top.

Establishing a clear and well-structured resource hierarchy is fundamental to effective cloud management,
especially during initial setup. Starting with an organization node at the top provides a central point for
managing resources, access control, and policies across your entire Google Cloud environment. This top-level
node allows you to reflect your company's structure and apply policies uniformly. Under the organization
node, you'd typically create folders to represent departments, environments (e.g., development, testing,
production), or projects. Projects, the lowest level of the hierarchy, are where your resources like virtual
machines and databases reside. Option A is not ideal because it doesn't allow for centralized management
and makes enforcing policies more challenging. Options C and D are not best practice. Granting ownership
indiscriminately is dangerous, and while individual member requests will lead to project creation, doing so
before creating a proper hierarchy can cause organizational challenges down the line. A well-defined
hierarchy ensures efficient resource management, consistent security policies, improved cost control, and
better collaboration. This hierarchical approach is recommended by Google and ensures that as your
organization's cloud footprint grows it is maintainable and governed.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Resource Hierarchy: This page provides a detailed explanation of the resource hierarchy in
 Google Cloud.
Best practices for enterprise organizations: This guide provides insight into best practices including
structuring your Google Cloud resources effectively.

Question: 49 CertyIQ
Your organization runs many workloads in different Google Cloud projects, each linked to the same billing account.
Each project's workload costs can vary from month to month, but the overall combined cost of all projects is
relatively stable. Your organization needs to optimize its cost.
What should your organization do?

A. Purchase a commitment per project for each project's usual minimum

B. Create a billing account per project, and link each project to a different billing account
C. Turn on committed use discount sharing, and create a commitment for the combined usage
D. Move all workloads from all different projects into one single consolidated project

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C: Turn on committed use discount sharing, and create a commitment for the combined
usage. Here's why:

Option C leverages the principle of aggregation to achieve cost optimization. Since the overall combined cost
of all projects is stable, despite individual project fluctuations, it indicates consistent overall resource
consumption. By enabling committed use discount (CUD) sharing across projects, the organization can commit
to a combined level of resource usage across the entire linked billing account. This means they get a discount
on the committed usage regardless of which project utilizes those resources.

Individual project commitments (Option A) are less efficient when workload distribution varies because the
commitment might not be fully utilized in each project, leading to unused committed capacity and wasted
spending. Creating separate billing accounts per project (Option B) provides isolation but doesn't offer cost
benefits related to resource aggregation and CUDs. Consolidating all workloads into a single project (Option
D) can create a management bottleneck and is not always practical. It also doesn't directly address the
problem with cost optimization, and is not necessary to leverage CUDs.

CUD sharing allows for the flexibility needed with fluctuating individual projects while maximizing
commitment coverage and discounts across the organization as a whole. By calculating the combined
expected usage, an appropriate commitment can be made, leading to a stable cost reduction.

Authoritative Links for further research:

Committed use discounts (CUDs): https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/regions-zones/committed-use-

discounts
Sharing committed use discounts: https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/cud-analysis#shared-cud

Question: 50 CertyIQ
How should a multinational organization that is migrating to Google Cloud consider security and privacy
regulations to ensure that it is in compliance with global standards?

A. Comply with data security and privacy regulations in each geographical region
B. Comply with regional standards for data security and privacy, because they supersede all international
regulations
 C. Comply with international standards for data security and privacy, because they supersede all regional
regulations
D. Comply with regional data security regulations, because they're more complex than privacy standards

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A. Comply with data security and privacy regulations in each geographical region. This
approach is essential for multinational organizations migrating to Google Cloud because it acknowledges the
varying legal landscapes across the globe. Data privacy and security regulations are not uniform; each
country or region often has its own specific requirements (e.g., GDPR in Europe, CCPA in California, PIPEDA in
Canada). Ignoring these differences can result in significant legal penalties, reputational damage, and
disruption of business operations. Cloud providers like Google Cloud provide tools and services to support
compliance with these diverse regulations, such as data residency options and data loss prevention features.
Attempting to adhere to only regional or international standards would either leave the organization non-
compliant in some regions or impose unnecessary restrictions. A pragmatic approach is to adopt a policy that
allows for compliance with the most stringent requirements where data is stored, processed, or transferred.
This principle of "complying with the most restrictive" generally ensures that the organization is in good
standing across all its operating geographies. Option B and C are incorrect because no singular set of
regulations supersedes all others. Option D is incorrect because privacy and security regulations are complex
and often intertwined, making it necessary to address both simultaneously in each jurisdiction.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Compliance: https://cloud.google.com/security/compliance - This link provides information on

how Google Cloud supports various compliance standards.
GDPR: https://gdpr-info.eu/ - The official website for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
CCPA: https://oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa - California Consumer Privacy Act information.
NIST Cybersecurity Framework: https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework - A widely used framework for
managing cybersecurity risk that can aid in compliance.

Question: 51 CertyIQ
Your organization wants to optimize its use of Google Cloud's discounts on virtual machine-based workloads. You
plan to use 200 CPUs constantly for the next 3 years, and you forecast that spikes of up to 300 CPUs will occur
approximately 30% of the time. What should you choose?

A. 1-year committed use discount for 200 CPUs

B. 3-year committed use discount for 300 CPUs
C. 3-year committed use discount for 200 CPUs
D. Regular pay-as-you-go pricing

Answer: C

Explanation:

The optimal choice is a 3-year committed use discount for 200 CPUs (Option C). Committed Use Discounts
(CUDs) offer significant cost savings in Google Cloud for predictable resource usage. Since the organization
requires a consistent 200 CPUs for the next three years, securing a CUD for this baseline usage is the most
cost-effective strategy. The 3-year commitment provides a higher discount rate compared to a 1-year
commitment (Option A). Although there are periodic spikes to 300 CPUs, purchasing a 3-year CUD for 300
CPUs (Option B) would be an inefficient use of resources, as 100 CPUs would be consistently underutilized.
For the 30% of the time when the workload spikes, the organization can use on-demand instances. Regular
 pay-as-you-go pricing (Option D) is the most expensive option for a consistent workload, as it lacks the
discount benefits. Therefore, a 3-year committed use discount for the consistent 200 CPU usage,
supplemented by on-demand capacity during peak demand, maximizes cost efficiency for the organization.
This approach balances cost savings and the flexibility to handle fluctuating workload demand.

For further research:

Google Cloud Committed Use Discounts: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-

discounts-overview
Google Cloud Pricing Calculator: https://cloud.google.com/products/calculator

Question: 52 CertyIQ
Your organization needs to minimize how much it pays for data traffic from the Google network to the internet.
What should your organization do?

A. Choose the Standard network service tier.

B. Choose the Premium network service tier.
C. Deploy Cloud VPN.
D. Deploy Cloud NAT.

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A, choosing the Standard network service tier. Google Cloud offers two network service
tiers: Premium and Standard. The Premium tier utilizes Google's high-performance global network with lower
latency and higher reliability, but at a higher cost. In contrast, the Standard tier leverages a more cost-
effective infrastructure, often routing traffic over the public internet, which results in lower egress costs.
Since the primary objective is to minimize data traffic expenses from the Google network to the internet,
opting for the Standard tier is the most suitable approach. It reduces costs associated with network egress,
even though it might come with slightly higher latency compared to the premium tier. Cloud VPN and Cloud
NAT are tools for connecting on-premises and cloud resources and for providing network address translation.
These do not have a direct cost saving effect on network traffic egress to the internet, and could even incur
further costs. Therefore, the standard tier aligns directly with the goal of cost optimization in outbound data
transfer.

Here are some authoritative links for further research:

Google Cloud Network Service Tiers Overview: https://cloud.google.com/network-

connectivity/docs/network-tiers
Comparing Network Service Tiers: https://cloud.google.com/network-connectivity/docs/network-
tiers/compare
Network Service Tiers Pricing: https://cloud.google.com/network-connectivity/network-tiers/pricing

Question: 53 CertyIQ
Your organization wants to migrate your on-premises environment to Google Cloud. The on-premises environment
consists of containers and virtual machine instances. Which Google Cloud products can help to migrate the
container images and the virtual machine disks?

A. Compute Engine and Filestore

B. Artifact Registry and Cloud Storage
 C. Dataflow and BigQuery
D. Pub/Sub and Cloud Storage

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Artifact Registry and Cloud Storage. Here's why:

Artifact Registry is Google Cloud's fully managed service for storing and managing container images and
other build artifacts. It acts as a central repository for your container images, allowing you to securely store,
version, and share them. Therefore, it's the ideal solution for migrating container images from on-premises to
Google Cloud.

Cloud Storage is Google Cloud's object storage service, designed for storing vast amounts of unstructured
data, such as virtual machine disk images (VMDK, VHD, etc.). It provides a highly scalable and durable
platform to transfer and store your virtual machine disks before they can be used to create instances within
Google Compute Engine.

Option A, Compute Engine and Filestore, involves Compute Engine instances, which are the virtual machines
themselves, and Filestore, which provides managed file storage for compute instances. While these are core
Google Cloud components, they are not primary tools for migrating the container images or disk images in the
way Artifact Registry and Cloud Storage are.

Option C, Dataflow and BigQuery, focuses on data processing and analytics. Dataflow is a data streaming
service, and BigQuery is a data warehouse. These services are not related to migrating container images or
disk images.

Option D, Pub/Sub and Cloud Storage, involves Pub/Sub, a messaging service, which is also not relevant for
the migration of disk or container images, but Cloud Storage is relevant for storing VM images. However,
Pub/Sub is not the service for initial migration.

Therefore, the combination of Artifact Registry (for container images) and Cloud Storage (for virtual machine
disks) is the most appropriate solution for migrating these specific resources from an on-premises
environment to Google Cloud.

Authoritative Links for further research:

Artifact Registry: https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry

Cloud Storage: https://cloud.google.com/storage
Google Cloud Migration: https://cloud.google.com/migration

Question: 54 CertyIQ
Your company security team manages access control to production systems using an LDAP directory group.
How is this access control managed in the Google Cloud production project?

A. Assign the proper role to the Service Account in the project's IAM Policy
B. Grant each user the roles/iam.serviceAccountUser role on a service account that exists in the Google Group.
C. Assign the proper role to the Google Group in the project's IAM Policy.
D. Create the project in a folder with the same name as the LDAP directory group.

Answer: C

Explanation:
 The correct answer is C. Assign the proper role to the Google Group in the project's IAM Policy.

Here's why: Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) allows for managing access to resources at
various levels (project, folder, organization). Instead of managing permissions for individual users, which
becomes cumbersome and error-prone for large teams, it's best practice to use groups. The question
mentions an existing LDAP directory group used by the company's security team. The most direct way to
integrate this with Google Cloud is to map that LDAP group to a Google Group, which can then be assigned
roles in the Google Cloud project's IAM policy. This means members of the Google Group inherit the assigned
permissions, simplifying access management and ensuring consistency with the existing security practices.

Option A is incorrect because Service Accounts are meant for applications, not human users. Option B is also
incorrect because granting user's the iam.serviceAccountUser role doesn't give them direct permissions on the
resources in a project. This allows users to impersonate a service account, not access project resources
directly. Option D, creating a folder based on the LDAP group name, is irrelevant to access control. IAM
permissions are controlled by policies, not the folder structure.

Therefore, leveraging Google Groups and IAM roles provides an efficient and scalable solution for access
control that is aligned with the established security team's existing process, fulfilling the best practice for
managing access in Google Cloud.

Relevant Links for Further Research:

Google Cloud IAM Overview: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/overview

Managing Groups in Google Cloud: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/manage-groups
IAM Best Practices: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/best-practices

Question: 55 CertyIQ
Your organization wants to be sure that is expenditures on cloud services are in line with the budget. Which two
Google Cloud cost management features help your organization gain greater visibility into its cloud resource
costs? (Choose two.)

A. Billing dashboards
B. Resource labels
C. Sustained use discounts
D. Financial governance policies
E. Payments profile

Answer: AB

Explanation:

Here's a breakdown of why options A and B are the correct choices for gaining visibility into Google Cloud
resource costs:

A. Billing dashboards: These dashboards provide a centralized view of your Google Cloud spending. They
offer visualizations like charts and graphs showing cost trends over time, allowing you to track expenditures
across different projects, services, and time periods. This real-time insight is crucial for monitoring budget
adherence and identifying areas where costs are higher than anticipated. They offer granular filtering by
project, service, and time. These interactive dashboards facilitate in-depth analysis and help you understand
the drivers behind your cloud expenses.

B. Resource labels: Resource labels are key-value pairs that you attach to your Google Cloud resources (e.g.,
virtual machines, storage buckets). They act as tags enabling you to categorize resources by project, team,
environment, or any other relevant criteria. By consistently applying resource labels, you can accurately
 allocate costs to specific business units or cost centers. This detailed breakdown provides enhanced cost
visibility and facilitates cost analysis at a more granular level than only project level cost breakdowns.

Why other options are incorrect:

C. Sustained use discounts: While sustained use discounts help reduce costs by automatically applying
discounts to frequently used resources, they don't directly provide visibility into existing cloud resource costs.
They are a cost optimization strategy rather than a cost visibility tool.
D. Financial governance policies: Financial governance policies are rules and procedures that help manage
and control cloud spending. Although they're important for managing costs, they don't offer visual insights
into the actual cost trends. They are a control feature, not a visibility feature.
E. Payments profile: Payment profiles define how you pay Google Cloud and don't provide information about
where the cost was spent. It is not an option to provide visibility to resource costs.

In summary, Billing dashboards and Resource labels provide the mechanisms to understand and track your
cloud costs, making them the ideal tools for gaining cost visibility.

Authoritative Links:

Billing dashboards: https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/view-dashboard

Resource labels: https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-labels

Question: 56 CertyIQ
Your organization needs to process large amounts of data from an online application that operates continuously.
You do not want to be required to provision infrastructure or create server clusters. What should your organization
choose?

A. Compute Engine with BigQuery

B. Dataproc
C. Google Kubernetes Engine with Cloud Bigtable
D. Dataflow

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D, Dataflow. The scenario describes a need for a fully managed, serverless data
processing service for continuous streaming data. Dataflow excels at this. It's a serverless, unified stream and
batch data processing service, meaning you don't need to provision or manage infrastructure. This aligns
perfectly with the requirement of avoiding server clusters. Dataflow uses a programming model that
automatically scales and optimizes your pipelines. Compute Engine (A), while providing virtual machines,
requires manual infrastructure management, contradicting the prompt. Dataproc (B) is designed for Hadoop
and Spark, involving more infrastructure and configuration than desired. Google Kubernetes Engine (C), while
a powerful container orchestration tool, also involves infrastructure management and is paired with Cloud
Bigtable, which is more suitable for structured data and doesn't directly solve the streaming processing
needs. Dataflow is designed to handle exactly these kinds of continuously flowing data streams with its fully-
managed architecture.

Dataflow DocumentationDataflow Use Cases

Question: 57 CertyIQ
Your organization needs to ensure that the Google Cloud resources of each of your departments are segregated
from one another. Each department has several environments of its own: development, testing, and production.
Which strategy should your organization choose?

A. Create a project per department, and create a folder per environment in each project.
B. Create a folder per department, and create a project per environment in each folder.
C. Create a Cloud Identity domain per department, and create a project per environment in each domain.
D. Create a Cloud Identity domain per environment, and create a project per department in each domain.

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct strategy is to create a folder per department and then a project per environment within each
folder (Option B). This approach aligns with Google Cloud's recommended organizational structure and
resource hierarchy. Folders provide a way to logically group projects, enabling you to delegate administrative
control and apply policies at a departmental level. Each folder represents a department, allowing for clear
segregation of resources.

Within each department's folder, creating a project for each environment (development, testing, and
production) ensures strong isolation and minimizes the risk of accidental interference. Projects are the
fundamental building block of Google Cloud, providing a secure and isolated space for resources. This
segregation of environments through separate projects promotes better resource management, security, and
billing control for each stage of the application lifecycle. Using separate projects also makes it easier to
manage granular access controls for each environment.

Options A, C, and D are less suitable. Option A, with one project per department and folders for each
environment within that project, fails to provide the strong isolation needed for distinct environments. Options
C and D incorrectly associate Cloud Identity domains with departments and environments, which are for
identity and access management, not for resource grouping. Using Cloud Identity domains for resource
isolation is not the intended use and can complicate resource management. Option B provides a clear,
hierarchical structure mirroring the organizational structure and its different environments, making it the
most appropriate choice for managing Google Cloud resources.

https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/cloud-platform-resource-
hierarchyhttps://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/managing-
foldershttps://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/managing-projects

Question: 58 CertyIQ
Your organization is defining the resource hierarchy for its new application in Google Cloud. You need separate
development and production environments. The production environment will be deployed in Compute Engine in
two regions. Which structure should your organization choose?

A. Create a single project for all environments. Use labels to segregate resources by environment.
B. Create a single project for all environments. Use tags to segregate resources by environment.
C. Create one project for the development environment and one project for the production environment.
D. Create two projects for the development environment and two projects for the production environment (one
for each region).

Answer: C

Explanation:
 Option C, creating separate projects for development and production, is the most suitable approach due to the
fundamental principle of resource isolation in cloud environments. Projects act as a hard boundary for
resources, offering distinct security perimeters, access control, and billing configurations. Mixing
environments within a single project, as suggested in options A and B, creates a significant risk of accidental
resource modification or deletion in production due to development activities, leading to potential disruptions.
While labels and tags (options A and B) aid in resource identification and management, they do not offer the
same level of isolation as separate projects. Option D, proposing two projects per environment based on
regions, is unnecessary complexity in this scenario. Regional redundancy should be handled within a project
using features like multi-regional deployments within Compute Engine, rather than creating separate project-
level silos. Having separate projects promotes cleaner management, facilitates independent lifecycle control,
and reduces the likelihood of configuration conflicts. Ultimately, the principle of least privilege and separation
of concerns are best upheld by utilizing distinct projects for development and production, making option C the
most secure and manageable. For further exploration, refer to Google Cloud's documentation on resource
hierarchy [https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/cloud-platform-resource-hierarchy], and project
best practices [https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/project-best-practices].

Question: 59 CertyIQ
Your organization meant to purchase a 3-year Committed Use Discount, but accidentally purchased a 1-year
Committed Use Discount instead. What should your organization do?

A. Contact your financial institution.

B. Contact Trust and Safety.
C. Contact Cloud Billing Support.
D. Contact Technical Support.

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C. Contact Cloud Billing Support.

Here's why: Committed Use Discounts (CUDs) are billing mechanisms tied to your Google Cloud Platform
(GCP) account. They offer significant cost savings in exchange for a commitment to a specific level of
resource usage over a period. The accidental purchase of a 1-year CUD instead of a 3-year one is a billing-
related issue, not a technical one affecting the functionality of your services. Financial institutions are not
directly involved in the administration of GCP discounts. Trust and Safety deals with platform security and
abuse, and technical support focuses on issues with GCP products and services, not billing adjustments.

Cloud Billing Support is the specific team within Google dedicated to handling matters of billing, cost
management, and discount-related inquiries. They have the tools and expertise to investigate the situation,
potentially explore options for modifying or canceling the incorrect CUD, and assist in securing the desired 3-
year commitment. These are not actions that Trust and Safety or Technical support could address. Modifying
a CUD, even if it was bought by accident, falls within billing processes and policies. Therefore, Cloud Billing
Support is the appropriate point of contact. They can guide you through the process of correcting your
commitment and ensuring you receive the intended cost savings, which is crucial to cost optimization and
budget management for your GCP resources.

For more information on CUDs and Cloud Billing support, refer to these official Google Cloud resources:

Committed use discounts: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-

overview
Contact Cloud Billing Support: https://cloud.google.com/support/billing
Question: 60 CertyIQ
Your organization needs to allow a production job to have access to a BigQuery dataset. The production job is
running on a Compute Engine instance that is part of an instance group.
What should be included in the IAM Policy on the BigQuery dataset?

A. The Compute Engine instance group

B. The project that owns the Compute Engine instance
C. The Compute Engine service account
D. The Compute Engine instance

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C. The Compute Engine service account. Here's why:

When a Compute Engine instance (or instances within an instance group) needs to interact with other Google
Cloud services like BigQuery, it doesn't directly authenticate based on the instance itself or the project.
Instead, it uses a service account, which is a special type of Google account intended for applications and
virtual machines. This service account's credentials are used to grant the Compute Engine instance the
necessary permissions.

Granting the BigQuery dataset access to the service account associated with the Compute Engine instances is
the recommended approach for managing access. The service account's IAM policy should include the
necessary BigQuery roles, like roles/bigquery.dataViewer or roles/bigquery.dataEditor, depending on the
required level of interaction.

Option A, the instance group, is an organizational construct and not an identity that can be directly granted
permissions. Option B, the project, is too broad and would grant access to all resources within that project,
violating the principle of least privilege. Option D, the Compute Engine instance, isn't a viable target for IAM
policies; individual instances don't authenticate independently.

By granting access to the specific service account, you follow security best practices, limiting access to the
service running on the Compute Engine instances and making it easier to manage permissions.

Further research can be found here:

Understanding service accounts: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/service-accounts

Granting roles to service accounts: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/granting-roles-to-service-accounts
BigQuery IAM roles: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/access-control

Question: 61 CertyIQ
Your team is publishing research results and needs to make large amounts of data available to other researchers
within the professional community and the public at minimum cost.
How should you host the data?

A. Use a Cloud Storage bucket and enable Requester Pays.

B. Use a Cloud Storage bucket and provide Signed URLs for the data files.
C. Use a Cloud Storage bucket and set up a Cloud Interconnect connection to allow access to the data.
D. Host the data on-premises, and set up a Cloud Interconnect connection to allow access to the data.
 Answer: A

Explanation:

The most cost-effective way to share research data broadly and publicly is to use a Cloud Storage bucket with
Requester Pays enabled. This approach leverages the scalability and affordability of cloud storage. Option A
minimizes cost for the data owner because the users downloading the data cover the egress charges. Using
Signed URLs (Option B) adds complexity with URL generation and management, and the data owner pays all
egress charges, which defeats the goal of minimum cost. Cloud Interconnect (Option C and D) involves costly,
dedicated network connections and doesn't make sense for public data access. Hosting data on-premises
(Option D) incurs high maintenance costs and is not conducive to broad, public access. Google Cloud Storage
is highly scalable and reliable, making it suitable for handling large datasets. Requester Pays allows for a cost
distribution model that is beneficial for large public data sets as download costs are passed onto the end-
users. This aligns with the goal of minimizing cost for the research team. In essence, Option A ensures the
data is available to a wide audience at the lowest possible cost for the data publisher.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Storage Requester Pays: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/requester-pays

Google Cloud Storage Pricing: https://cloud.google.com/storage/pricing

Question: 62 CertyIQ
Your company needs to segment Google Cloud resources used by each team from the others. The teams' efforts
are changing frequently, and you need to reduce operational risk and maintain cost visibility. Which approach does
Google recommend?

A. One project per team.

B. One organization per team.
C. One project that contains all of each team's resources.
D. One top-level folder per team.

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D, using one top-level folder per team. Google Cloud recommends organizing resources
using a resource hierarchy, comprising the Organization, Folders, and Projects. Folders serve as a logical
grouping mechanism above Projects, allowing for centralized management of policies and permissions.
Utilizing a folder per team aligns perfectly with the stated need to segment resources by team while
maintaining flexibility for frequently changing team structures. Creating separate projects for each team
(Option A) can quickly become unmanageable due to the overhead associated with project creation and
management. A single project for all teams (Option C) would negate the desired segmentation, making cost
visibility and access control incredibly challenging. One organization per team (Option B) is illogical and
impractical, as organizations represent the highest level of resource hierarchy and are not meant for team-
level separation. Folders allow for applying Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies at the folder level,
which cascade down to projects within that folder, thus facilitating cost control and reducing operational risk.
Furthermore, folders enhance cost visibility by enabling filtering and reporting on usage at the folder level.
This approach provides the required logical separation, scalability for team growth, and avoids the
complexities of managing numerous projects or multiple organizations.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Resource Hierarchy

 Best practices for enterprise organizations
Organizing your Google Cloud resource hierarchy

Question: 63 CertyIQ
How do Migrate for Compute Engine and Migrate for Anthos differ?

A. Unlike Migrate for Anthos, Migrate for Compute Engine assumes that the migration source is VMware
vSphere.
B. Migrate for Compute Engine charges for ingress, but Migrate for Anthos does not.
C. Migrate for Compute Engine is closed source, and Migrate for Anthos is open source.
D. Migrate for Anthos migrates to containers, and Migrate for Compute Engine migrates to virtual machines.

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. Migrate for Anthos is specifically designed to modernize applications by migrating
them into containers, leveraging Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) or other Kubernetes platforms. This
approach allows for greater portability, scalability, and resource utilization compared to traditional virtual
machines. In contrast, Migrate for Compute Engine focuses on "lifting and shifting" existing workloads,
typically from on-premises environments or other clouds, into virtual machines on Google Compute Engine.
This provides a faster migration path for legacy applications that are not yet ready to be containerized.
Therefore, the core distinction lies in the target environment: containers for Migrate for Anthos and virtual
machines for Migrate for Compute Engine. While both tools aim to move workloads to Google Cloud, they
cater to different application modernization strategies. Option A is incorrect because Migrate for Compute
Engine isn't limited to VMware vSphere; it supports various source platforms. Option B is incorrect; both
services have cost considerations based on usage. Option C is inaccurate; both are Google-managed offerings
and not open source. Option D accurately reflects the fundamental difference in the target destination of the
migrations.

Relevant Links:

Migrate for Anthos Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/migrate/anthos

Migrate for Compute Engine Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/migrate/compute-engine

Question: 64 CertyIQ
Your large and frequently changing organization's user information is stored in an on-premises LDAP database.
The database includes user passwords and group and organization membership.
How should your organization provision Google accounts and groups to access Google Cloud resources?

A. Replicate the LDAP infrastructure on Compute Engine

B. Use the Firebase Authentication REST API to create users
C. Use Google Cloud Directory Sync to create users
D. Use the Identity Platform REST API to create users

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C. Use Google Cloud Directory Sync to create users. Here's why:
 Google Cloud Directory Sync (GCDS) is specifically designed to synchronize user and group information from
an existing directory service, like an on-premises LDAP server, to Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) and
Google Cloud. This automated process handles the ongoing challenge of keeping Google accounts and their
associated memberships consistent with the source directory, particularly in dynamic environments.

Option A, replicating the LDAP infrastructure on Compute Engine, is inefficient and introduces unnecessary
complexity. It requires managing the entire infrastructure, which negates the benefit of using a managed
service like Google Workspace.

Options B and D, using the Firebase Authentication REST API and Identity Platform REST API respectively, are
not suitable for bulk provisioning of user accounts and groups. These APIs are better suited for user
authentication within web and mobile applications, not for synchronizing an organization's directory.

GCDS automates the creation and updating of Google user accounts and groups based on changes in the
LDAP directory, including password synchronization and membership updates. This centralized approach
avoids manual processes and ensures that access to Google Cloud resources is managed in a consistent,
secure, and up-to-date manner.

Key advantages of GCDS include:

Automated synchronization: Keeps Google user accounts and groups in sync with LDAP.
Password synchronization: Handles password changes transparently for users.
Group and organizational structure replication: Ensures mirroring of group memberships from LDAP to
Google.
Centralized management: Provides a single location for managing user and group information across your
organization.
Reduced administrative overhead: Eliminates manual updates to Google users and groups.

Using GCDS is the most efficient and best practice for integrating an on-premises LDAP directory with Google
Cloud.

Authoritative Links for Further Research:

Google Cloud Directory Sync Overview: https://support.google.com/a/answer/1069309?hl=en

Google Cloud Directory Sync Guide: https://support.google.com/a/answer/3097007?hl=en
Firebase Authentication REST API: https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/rest/auth
Identity Platform REST API: https://cloud.google.com/identity-platform/docs/reference/rest

Question: 65 CertyIQ
Your organization recently migrated its compute workloads to Google Cloud. You want these workloads in Google
Cloud to privately and securely access your large volume of on-premises data, and you also want to minimize
latency.
What should your organization do?

A. Use Storage Transfer Service to securely make your data available to Google Cloud
B. Create a VPC between your on-premises data center and your Google resources
C. Peer your on-premises data center to Google's Edge Network
D. Use Transfer Appliance to securely make your data available to Google Cloud

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Create a VPC between your on-premises data center and your Google resources.
 Here's why:

Private and Secure Access: Establishing a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) connection, such as through Cloud
Interconnect or Cloud VPN, provides a private and secure channel for data transfer between the on-premises
data center and Google Cloud. This avoids exposing the data to the public internet, crucial for security.
Minimized Latency: A direct connection via a dedicated interconnect (Cloud Interconnect) offers lower
latency compared to internet-based transfers. This is essential for workloads that require fast access to on-
premises data, which the scenario specifies as a large volume.
VPC as a Foundation: A VPC in Google Cloud acts as the fundamental building block for networking,
providing a logically isolated section of the Google Cloud network where your resources can reside. This is
necessary for your cloud compute workloads to exist and function within Google Cloud. Connecting the on-
premises network to the Google Cloud VPC is essential to allow the workloads to interact with the on-
premises data.
Alternatives' Shortcomings:

A. Storage Transfer Service: This service is primarily for migrating data to Google Cloud storage services, not
for continuous private access from compute workloads in Google Cloud to on-premises data.
C. Peer your on-premises data center to Google's Edge Network: Edge network peering is for content
delivery and optimizing user access to applications, not for establishing private connections between a
customer's data center and their VPC for accessing data.
D. Transfer Appliance: This is a physical device used for initial data migration when moving large volumes of
data to Google Cloud. It does not facilitate ongoing secure, low-latency access for compute workloads.

In conclusion, creating a VPC connection (either via VPN or Interconnect) is the most appropriate solution
because it addresses all the key requirements: private secure access and minimized latency for workloads
accessing large volumes of on-premises data. The other solutions are either not designed for the scenario, or
fulfill an alternative use-case.

Authoritative Links:

Cloud Interconnect Overview: https://cloud.google.com/network-connectivity/docs/interconnect/

Cloud VPN Overview: https://cloud.google.com/network-connectivity/docs/vpn/concepts/overview
Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) Overview: https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/vpc

Question: 66 CertyIQ
Your organization consists of many teams. Each team has many Google Cloud projects. Your organization wants to
simplify the management of identity and access policies for these projects.
How can you group these projects to meet this goal?

A. Group each team's projects into a separate domain

B. Assign labels based on the virtual machines that are part of each team's projects
C. Use folders to group each team's projects
D. Group each team's projects into a separate organization node

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C. Use folders to group each team's projects.

Folders in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) are designed specifically for hierarchical resource organization within
an organization. They allow you to group projects logically, reflecting your business structure, like teams or
departments. This hierarchical grouping enables you to apply Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies
 at the folder level. Inherited IAM policies cascade down to the projects within the folder, simplifying
administration by managing access at a higher level instead of individually for each project. This approach
aligns with the principle of least privilege and reduces the administrative burden of managing access control.
Folders also support role-based access control, letting you delegate administrative tasks to specific teams.
Option A, using separate domains, is more suitable for isolating entirely separate organizations or business
units rather than grouping projects within a single organization. Option B, assigning labels, is primarily used
for metadata tagging and resource organization within a project, not for controlling access across multiple
projects. Option D, using separate organization nodes, would create distinct hierarchies, which isn't
appropriate when the projects belong to a single organization. In summary, using folders is the recommended
practice for grouping projects for simplified identity and access management within Google Cloud.

Further Research:

Google Cloud Resource Hierarchy: Learn more about the organizational structure of Google Cloud.
Using Folders: Detailed explanation on how to create and use folders.
IAM Overview: Understand how IAM works in Google Cloud and how policies are applied.

Question: 67 CertyIQ
An organization needs to categorize text-based customer reviews on their website using a pre-trained machine
learning model.
Which Google Cloud product or service should the organization use?

A. Cloud Natural Language API

B. Dialogflow
C. Recommendations AI
D. TensorFlow

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A. Cloud Natural Language API. This service is specifically designed for analyzing and
understanding unstructured text, making it ideal for categorizing customer reviews. The Cloud Natural
Language API employs pre-trained machine learning models to perform tasks such as sentiment analysis,
entity recognition, and text classification, without requiring the organization to build their own models from
scratch. This significantly reduces development time and cost. It can understand the structure and meaning of
text, which enables identifying key topics and categorizing reviews appropriately. Dialogflow (option B) is
geared towards building conversational interfaces like chatbots, which is not the primary need here.
Recommendations AI (option C) focuses on predicting user preferences for product recommendations, not
text analysis. TensorFlow (option D) is a powerful machine learning library, but it requires more expertise to
build and deploy models, making it less efficient than using a pre-trained API for this use case. Cloud Natural
Language API is a fully managed service; the organization does not need to worry about provisioning and
maintaining infrastructure. Therefore, using the Cloud Natural Language API is the most efficient and
effective way to meet the stated need.

Authoritative Links:

Cloud Natural Language API Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/natural-language/docs

Overview of Cloud Natural Language API: https://cloud.google.com/natural-language

Question: 68 CertyIQ
An organization is planning its cloud expenditure.
What should the organization do to control costs?

A. Consider cloud resource costs as capital expenditure in annual planning.

B. Use only cloud resources; they have no cloud infrastructure costs.
C. Review cloud resource costs frequently because costs depend on usage.
D. Assess cloud resources costs only when SLO is not met by their cloud provider.

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C, "Review cloud resource costs frequently because costs depend on usage." Cloud
computing operates on a consumption-based model. Unlike traditional IT infrastructure, where costs are often
fixed (capital expenditure), cloud costs are variable and directly tied to resource utilization. This means that
the more resources you consume, the higher your bill. Therefore, consistent monitoring and review are crucial
to identify areas of overspending, unused resources, or inefficient configurations. Option A is incorrect
because cloud spending is typically considered operational expenditure (OpEx), not capital expenditure
(CapEx). Option B is also incorrect, as cloud resources still incur infrastructure costs, though these are
managed by the provider and included in the overall pricing. Option D is flawed because waiting for SLO
breaches to assess costs is a reactive approach and fails to proactively manage spending. Regular cost
reviews allow organizations to make informed decisions about resource allocation, optimize deployments, and
implement cost-saving strategies such as rightsizing instances, leveraging reserved instances, or using auto-
scaling. Failing to monitor cloud costs can lead to significant unexpected bills and impact an organization's
budget. Frequent reviews empower organizations to maintain financial control, optimize resource
consumption, and maximize the value derived from their cloud investment.

Authoritative Links for Further Research:

Google Cloud Cost Management: https://cloud.google.com/cost-management

AWS Cost Optimization: https://aws.amazon.com/cost-optimization/
Microsoft Azure Cost Management: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/cost-management/
Cloud FinOps Foundation: https://www.finops.org/

Question: 69 CertyIQ
An organization is searching for an open-source machine learning platform to build and deploy their own custom
machine learning applications using TPUs.
Which Google Cloud product or service should the organization use?

A. TensorFlow
B. BigQuery ML
C. Vision API
D. AutoML Vision

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A. TensorFlow. TensorFlow is an open-source machine learning library specifically
designed for building and deploying machine learning models, including those leveraging TPUs (Tensor
Processing Units). It provides the foundational tools and APIs for developing custom algorithms, making it
ideal for organizations wanting full control over their machine learning pipeline. The use of TPUs, Google's
custom hardware accelerators, requires a compatible framework like TensorFlow for effective model training.
 BigQuery ML (B) focuses on enabling machine learning within the BigQuery data warehouse, which isn't
geared towards custom model development with TPUs. Vision API (C) is a pre-trained API for image analysis,
not a platform for building custom models. Similarly, AutoML Vision (D) offers automated machine learning for
vision tasks, which does not provide the flexibility needed for custom model construction and TPU usage.
Therefore, TensorFlow stands out as the only option that directly supports the organization's requirements of
an open-source platform, custom model development, and TPU utilization.

Authoritative Links:

TensorFlow: https://www.tensorflow.org/
TPUs on Google Cloud: https://cloud.google.com/tpu

Question: 70 CertyIQ
What is an example of unstructured data that organizations can capture from social media?

A. Post comments
B. Tagging
C. Profile picture
D. Location

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A. Post comments. Unstructured data, unlike structured data found in databases, lacks
a predefined format. Post comments, being free-form text, exemplify this perfectly. They consist of natural
language, varied opinions, and often informal expressions, making them difficult to categorize and analyze
directly using traditional database methods. Tagging (B) and location (D) can often be structured into
categories or coordinates, making them less unstructured. Profile pictures (C), while complex, are often
stored as files with metadata which is an organizational structure. Post comments, in contrast, require
specialized tools and techniques like Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning to derive
meaningful insights. Cloud platforms often provide services for these tasks, offering tools for sentiment
analysis, topic extraction, and entity recognition from unstructured text. These tools enable organizations to
leverage the valuable insights contained within the unstructured text data generated by social media
interactions. Unstructured data like post comments represent a vast reservoir of information on customer
opinions, trends, and potential market needs. These insights are not easily available through analyzing
structured data alone. Therefore, post comments best illustrate the unstructured data captured from social
media.

Further research:

Cloud Data Management: https://cloud.google.com/solutions/data-management - Overview of how Google

Cloud handles various types of data, including unstructured.
Unstructured Data Analysis: https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/data-analytics/what-is-unstructured-data-
and-how-can-you-analyze-it - Explains the definition of unstructured data and techniques for its analysis on
cloud platforms.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): https://cloud.google.com/natural-language - Details on the NLP tools
available on Google Cloud, which are frequently used for analyzing unstructured text like social media
comments.

Question: 71 CertyIQ
An organization relies on online seasonal sales for the majority of their annual revenue.
Why should the organization use App Engine for their customer app?

A. Automatically adjusts physical inventory in real time

B. Autoscales during peaks in demand
C. Runs maintenance during seasonal sales
D. Recommends the right products to customers

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B, "Autoscales during peaks in demand." App Engine is a Platform as a Service (PaaS)
offering from Google Cloud that excels at automatically managing the infrastructure required to run web
applications. This is crucial for organizations that experience seasonal traffic spikes.

Option B aligns directly with App Engine's core functionality. Autoscaling ensures the application can handle
a surge in user traffic during peak sales periods without experiencing performance degradation or outages.
This is achieved by automatically adding or removing resources, such as server instances, based on real-time
demand, thereby maintaining a consistent and responsive user experience. This scalability is a fundamental
characteristic of cloud-based solutions.

Option A, "Automatically adjusts physical inventory in real-time," is not a typical function of App Engine.
Inventory management is usually handled by separate systems and databases, not the web application
platform itself. Option C, "Runs maintenance during seasonal sales," is the opposite of what's desirable.
Businesses strive for minimal or no disruptions during crucial sales periods. Planned maintenance should be
strategically scheduled outside of peak times. Option D, "Recommends the right products to customers,"
refers to a feature often provided by AI/ML models, and it is not a core function of App Engine itself, although
App Engine could be used to serve the recommendation models.

In summary, App Engine's autoscaling capability is a key benefit, especially for businesses facing predictable
fluctuations in demand, making option B the most appropriate response in this context.

Further Research:

Google Cloud App Engine Documentation

Understanding Cloud Autoscaling
Platform as a Service (PaaS) Definition

Question: 72 CertyIQ
An organization is using machine learning to make predictions. One of their datasets mistakenly includes
mislabeled data.
How will the prediction be impacted?

A. Increased risk of privacy leaks

B. Increased risk of inaccuracy
C. Decreased model compatibility
D. Decreased model training time

Answer: B

Explanation:

Mislabeled data in a machine learning dataset directly undermines the model's ability to learn accurate
 patterns and relationships within the data. Machine learning models learn by identifying correlations between
input features and their corresponding labels. If the labels are incorrect, the model will learn faulty
correlations, leading to inaccurate predictions when applied to new, unseen data. This is because the model is
being trained on incorrect "ground truth," essentially learning to associate features with the wrong outcomes.
This directly translates to an increased risk of inaccuracy (option B). Options A, C, and D are not directly
related to the problem of mislabeled data; privacy leaks are more associated with data access controls, model
compatibility is about fitting within system architecture, and decreased model training time is not an effect of
mislabeled data itself.

The presence of mislabeled data doesn't intrinsically impact privacy (A), though poor data handling practices
can be a source of both errors and security issues. Model compatibility (C) is a concern regarding the software
environment and the model's adaptability to different systems and isn't directly affected by label errors.
Model training time (D) might be slightly affected due to potentially slower convergence if errors hinder
learning, but this is not the primary and certainly not a certain consequence of mislabeled data. The most
significant impact of mislabeled data is the degraded quality and accuracy of the model's predictions.

For further research on the topic, explore the following resources:

Google Cloud AI Platform documentation on data quality: https://cloud.google.com/ai-platform/docs/ml-

solutions/data-quality
Machine Learning Mastery blog post on data quality: https://machinelearningmastery.com/data-quality-for-
machine-learning/
Papers with Code section on noisy label learning: https://paperswithcode.com/task/noisy-label-learning

Question: 73 CertyIQ
A global organization is developing an application to manage payments and online bank accounts in multiple
regions. Each transaction must be handled consistently in their database, and they anticipate almost unlimited
growth in the amount of data stored.
Which Google Cloud product should the organization choose?

A. Cloud SQL
B. Cloud Spanner
C. Cloud Storage
D. BigQuery

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Cloud Spanner. Here's why:

Cloud Spanner is Google Cloud's globally distributed, scalable, and strongly consistent database service. It is
designed for applications requiring high availability, horizontal scalability, and strong transactional
consistency across regions, making it an ideal choice for a global payments application.

Cloud Spanner's key strength lies in its ability to maintain ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)
properties even when data is distributed across numerous locations. This is crucial for financial transactions
where consistency is paramount. The application's need to handle transactions consistently across multiple
regions and its projected unlimited growth aligns perfectly with Spanner’s capabilities.

In contrast, Cloud SQL (A) is a managed relational database service but is not designed for the scale,
geographical distribution, and strong consistency requirements of this application. Cloud Storage (C) is an
object storage service, suitable for storing unstructured data like images and videos, not structured
transactional data. BigQuery (D) is a data warehouse optimized for analytics, not operational transactions with
 strong consistency needs.

Cloud Spanner provides automatic data sharding, replication, and failover, ensuring high availability and
scalability with minimal manual intervention. It can handle massive amounts of data and traffic, which is
essential for the anticipated unlimited data growth. These features make it the best choice for the described
scenario.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Spanner Overview: https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/overview

Cloud Spanner Use Cases: https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/use-cases
ACID Properties in Cloud Spanner: https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/concepts/acid

Question: 74 CertyIQ
An organization has servers running mission-critical workloads on-premises around the world. They want to
modernize their infrastructure with a multi-cloud architecture.
What benefit could the organization experience?

A. Ability to disable regional network connectivity during cyber attacks

B. Ability to keep backups of their data on-premises in case of failure
C. Full management access to their regional infrastructure
D. Reduced likelihood of system failure during high demand events

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. Reduced likelihood of system failure during high demand events.

Here's why: Multi-cloud architecture, which involves distributing workloads across multiple cloud providers,
enhances resilience. By not relying on a single provider, the organization mitigates the risk of a single point of
failure. If one provider experiences an outage or surge in demand, the workloads can failover to another cloud
provider, minimizing disruption. This capability directly addresses the concern of system failure during high
demand events. Load balancing can be implemented across clouds for consistent performance, preventing
slowdowns during traffic spikes. Furthermore, multi-cloud deployments reduce vendor lock-in, allowing
organizations flexibility in selecting the best services for their needs. This approach also helps in avoiding
geographical concentration risks.

Option A is incorrect because disabling regional network connectivity would actually disrupt their services,
not protect them. Option B describes a hybrid approach, not multi-cloud and while keeping on-premises
backups is good practice, it doesn't directly address the benefit of multi-cloud. Option C is incorrect since the
cloud provider owns and manages the infrastructure and they won't have full control over their infrastructure.

Relevant concepts:

Multi-cloud: Utilizing services from multiple cloud providers.

High Availability (HA): Designing systems to remain operational during failures.
Fault Tolerance: Ability of a system to continue operating even if a component fails.
Load Balancing: Distributing workloads across multiple servers or cloud instances to prevent overloads.
Disaster Recovery (DR): Procedures to recover from disruptions and resume operations.

Authoritative Links:

Multi-Cloud Strategy: https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-multi-cloud

 High Availability in Cloud: https://aws.amazon.com/architecture/well-architected/reliability/
Fault Tolerance: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/solutions/high-availability-resiliency/

Question: 75 CertyIQ
An organization needs to run frequent updates for their business app.
Why should the organization use Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)?

A. Customer expectations can be adjusted without using marketing tools

B. Seamless changes can be made without causing any application downtime.
C. GKE handles version control seamlessly and out of the box
D. GKE is well suited for all monolithic applications

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B: Seamless changes can be made without causing any application downtime. Google
Kubernetes Engine (GKE) is a managed Kubernetes service that excels in orchestrating containerized
applications. Frequent updates, a key requirement for the organization, can be implemented effectively with
GKE's rolling updates feature. This feature gradually replaces old application instances with new ones,
ensuring the application remains available throughout the update process. Unlike traditional deployments
where updates might necessitate significant downtime, GKE minimizes disruptions by leveraging Kubernetes'
inherent capabilities for health checks and controlled rollouts. This approach allows for a smooth transition
and continuous service availability for users. GKE also enables features like canary deployments, which allow
testing new versions with a small subset of users before a full rollout, further minimizing the risk of update-
related downtime. The ability to perform continuous deployment practices, leveraging features like
automated rollouts, makes GKE a robust platform for organizations seeking agility in their application
development lifecycle and requiring minimal disruption due to frequent changes. The other options are not
the primary reasons for choosing GKE in this scenario: while marketing can address expectations (A), it's not
related to GKE. Version control (C) is typically managed outside GKE with tools like Git. Option D is incorrect
as GKE is best suited for microservices-based applications rather than monolithic applications.

Authoritative Links:

Google Kubernetes Engine Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs (Specifically,

look for documentation on deployments and rolling updates)
Kubernetes Rolling Updates:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/#rolling-update-deployment
Canary Deployments on Kubernetes: https://kubernetes.io/blog/2017/11/canary-deployments-kubernetes/

Question: 76 CertyIQ
An organization wants to use Apigee to manage all their application programming interfaces (APIs).
What will Apigee enable the organization to do?

A. Increase application privacy

B. Measure and track API performance
C. Analyze application development speed
D. Market and sell APIs

Answer: B
 Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Measure and track API performance. Here's why: Apigee, a Google Cloud product, is
specifically designed as an API management platform. Its core function is to act as a central hub for managing
and securing APIs. A key aspect of this management is the ability to monitor and analyze API usage. This
includes metrics like traffic volume, response times, error rates, and resource consumption. By tracking these
performance indicators, organizations can identify bottlenecks, optimize API functionality, ensure service
level agreements (SLAs) are met, and gain valuable insights into API consumption patterns. This continuous
monitoring helps maintain the health and efficiency of APIs.

While Apigee indirectly contributes to other areas, it is not its primary focus. It doesn’t directly enhance
application privacy (A), though it has security features to help manage API access. Similarly, while optimized
APIs can impact development speed, Apigee is not designed to analyze it (C). Finally, while Apigee enables
API monetization (D), its main role isn't marketing and selling APIs but instead managing them and enabling
their usage, even for monetization purposes. Measuring and tracking API performance through detailed
analytics is a fundamental feature of an API management platform like Apigee, directly addressing a core
challenge of managing APIs in a modern software environment.

Further Reading:

Google Cloud Apigee Documentation: https://cloud.google.com/apigee/docs

What is API Management?: https://www.mulesoft.com/resources/api/what-api-management
Understanding API Performance Monitoring: https://nordicapis.com/a-guide-to-api-performance-monitoring/

Question: 77 CertyIQ
An e-commerce organization is reviewing their cloud data storage.
What type of raw data can they store in a relational database without any processing?

A. Product inventory
B. Product photographs
C. Instructional videos
D. Customer chat history

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct answer is A, Product inventory. Relational databases are structured to efficiently handle data with
clear relationships and predefined schemas. Product inventory typically consists of structured data such as
product IDs, names, descriptions, prices, and quantities. This data is well-suited for storage in tables with
columns and rows, allowing for easy querying and manipulation using SQL. Options B, C, and D, representing
images, videos, and unstructured text respectively, require different storage solutions as they don't easily fit
into the rigid structure of a relational database. Binary large objects (BLOBs), which can store image and video
data, can technically be stored in a relational database, but this isn't ideal for performance and scalability.
Unstructured data like chat logs is better handled in NoSQL databases or data lakes where schema flexibility
is key. Relational databases emphasize transactional consistency and data integrity, making them ideal for
managing structured data like inventory, where precise tracking is crucial. Storing unstructured data in
relational databases often leads to inefficiencies and increased complexity. Relational databases are
optimized for fast retrieval and updates of structured data using SQL queries, which are less effective on
unstructured information.

Authoritative Links:
 Relational Database: https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-a-relational-database
Structured vs Unstructured Data: https://www.ibm.com/topics/structured-data
Data Storage Options on Google Cloud: https://cloud.google.com/products/storage

Question: 78 CertyIQ
A hotel wants to modernize their legacy systems so that customers can make reservations through a mobile app.
What's the benefit of using an application programming interface (API) to do this?

A. They do not have to develop the end-user application

B. They can deprecate their legacy systems
C. They can transform their systems to be cloud-native
D. They do not have to rewrite the legacy system

Answer: D

Explanation:

The correct answer is D: "They do not have to rewrite the legacy system." Here's why: APIs act as
intermediaries, enabling different software systems to communicate without needing to understand the
underlying complexities of each other. In this scenario, the hotel's legacy reservation system likely operates
using older technologies. Instead of completely rebuilding this system to integrate with a mobile app, an API
can be created as a "wrapper" around it. This API exposes specific functionalities of the legacy system, like
checking availability or making reservations, as standardized services that the mobile app can consume. This
avoids costly and time-consuming rewriting of the entire legacy infrastructure. The mobile app interacts with
the API, which, in turn, translates those requests into instructions that the legacy system understands. This
approach allows the hotel to modernize its customer experience while preserving its existing investment in its
core reservation system. Option A is incorrect because APIs don't create end-user applications, they facilitate
the data exchange required to make an app work. Option B is wrong; APIs don't automatically deprecate
legacy systems, but they can enable a gradual transition. Option C is incorrect because APIs alone don't make
systems cloud-native, although they can be part of a cloud-native architecture. Key benefits of using APIs
include faster development, reduced cost, and improved maintainability.

Supporting Concepts & Links:

API (Application Programming Interface): This is a core concept in software integration. See resources such
as:

What is an API? - Red Hat

Application Programming Interface (API) | Microsoft Learn
Legacy Systems: Refers to outdated technologies that are still critical to an organization. See more
information at:

Legacy Systems: Definition, Characteristics, and Challenges

Modernization: The process of updating outdated systems and applications. See:

Application Modernization | Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Question: 79 CertyIQ
An organization wants to digitize and share large volumes of historical text and images.
Why is a public cloud a better option than an on-premises solution?
 A. In-house hardware management
B. Provides physical encryption key
C. Cost-effective at scale
D. Optimizes capital expenditure

Answer: C

Explanation:

The correct answer is C, "Cost-effective at scale." Public clouds excel in handling large-scale data storage
and processing, like the digitization of vast historical text and images, due to their inherent economies of
scale. On-premises solutions require substantial upfront investments in hardware, software, and ongoing
maintenance. This includes servers, storage, networking equipment, and the personnel to manage them.
Conversely, public cloud providers like Google Cloud Platform (GCP) operate massive data centers, enabling
them to offer resources at a significantly lower cost per unit through shared infrastructure and efficient
resource utilization.

As the organization's data volume grows, the public cloud's cost advantage becomes even more pronounced.
With cloud services, they only pay for the resources consumed, avoiding large initial capital expenditure and
the risk of underutilized infrastructure. They can easily scale their storage and computing power up or down
as needed, ensuring they have the resources to meet their requirements without overspending. On-premises
solutions, on the other hand, often require capacity planning and forecasting, leading to either over-
provisioning and wasted resources or under-provisioning and performance issues. Public clouds also abstract
away the complexities of hardware management, allowing organizations to focus on their core digitization
project instead of infrastructure maintenance. This inherent scalability, pay-as-you-go model, and reduced
operational overhead make public clouds the more cost-effective option for large-scale projects like this.

Authoritative Links:

Google Cloud Pricing Overview: https://cloud.google.com/pricing

Benefits of Cloud Computing: https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-cloud-computing/ (While this link is to AWS,
the general principles apply to most public clouds including Google Cloud)
Cloud Computing Economics: https://www.ibm.com/topics/cloud-computing-economics

Question: 80 CertyIQ
An organization wants to develop an application that can be personalized to user preferences throughout the year.
Why should they build a cloud-native application instead of modernizing their existing on-premises application?

A. Developers can rely on the cloud provider for all source code
B. Developers can launch new features in an agile way
C. IT managers can migrate existing application architecture without needing updates
D. IT managers can accelerate capital expenditure planning

Answer: B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B: "Developers can launch new features in an agile way." Cloud-native applications are
designed from the ground up to leverage the benefits of the cloud, particularly its elasticity and agility. This
contrasts with modernizing existing on-premises applications, which often carry the limitations of their
original architecture. Agile development emphasizes iterative development, rapid feedback, and frequent
releases, making it ideal for applications requiring continuous personalization.
Cloud-native architectures, typically using microservices, containers, and DevOps practices, enable
developers to deploy changes independently and quickly. This modularity reduces the risk of large, disruptive
releases, allowing for faster experimentation and adaptation to user preferences. Furthermore, automated
CI/CD pipelines are integral to cloud-native development, streamlining the release process and enabling
continuous delivery of new features. On-premises modernized applications are unlikely to have these
capabilities readily available or be as efficient to implement. Options A, C, and D are incorrect: Option A is not
accurate, as the cloud provider does not supply the source code; the organization still creates it. Option C is
incorrect because moving an existing on-premise application to the cloud typically requires significant
architectural updates. Option D is also incorrect, as the cloud shifts from CapEx to OpEx and impacts
planning, but it doesn’t directly accelerate it.

Further reading:

Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF): https://www.cncf.io/

Google Cloud's guide to Cloud Native: https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-cloud-native
Agile Development: https://www.agilealliance.org/agile101/
 Thank you
Thank you for being so interested in the premium exam material.
I'm glad to hear that you found it informative and helpful.

But Wait

I wanted to let you know that there is more content available in the full version.
The full paper contains additional sections and information that you may find helpful,
and I encourage you to download it to get a more comprehensive and detailed view of
all the subject matter.

Download Full Version Now

Total: 287 Questions

Link: https://certyiq.com/papers/google/cloud-digital-leader