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Newton Ring

The document outlines an experiment to determine the radius of curvature of a plano-convex lens using Newton's ring method with monochromatic light. It details the theory, apparatus, procedures, observations, results, and error analysis, concluding that the experimental radius of curvature is approximately 63.955 cm, with a percentage deviation from the theoretical value of 6.59%. The experiment demonstrates the use of interference patterns to measure optical properties of lenses.

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Asmito Ghosh
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19 views9 pages

Newton Ring

The document outlines an experiment to determine the radius of curvature of a plano-convex lens using Newton's ring method with monochromatic light. It details the theory, apparatus, procedures, observations, results, and error analysis, concluding that the experimental radius of curvature is approximately 63.955 cm, with a percentage deviation from the theoretical value of 6.59%. The experiment demonstrates the use of interference patterns to measure optical properties of lenses.

Uploaded by

Asmito Ghosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Experiment 3: Determining the radius of

curvature of given lens using Newton’s ring


experiment

Name: Asmito Ghosh


Roll no: 2024UG012
Group: A2
Date: 20th January, 2025

Objective
 To determine the radius of curvature of a given plano-convex lens using
known monochromatic light by forming Newton’s ring.

Theory

Figure 1: Apparatus for observing the Newton's rings.

1
Let a monochromatic beam of light coming from an extended source be incident
on a combination of plano-convex lens and a plate (C and P), as show in in Fig.
1. A part of it is reflected from the lower surface of the lens and another part,
after refraction through the film between C and P is reflected back from the
surface of the Plate P. These two parts are in a condition to interfere and give
rise to a system of alternate dark and bright rings with O, the point of contact
(between C and P) as centre.
We observe the rings (dark fringes) to determine the radius of curvature.
Refractive index of the film between C and P is µ = 1 [for air]
Since light is incident normally, angle of incidence of ray on P = 90°
Therefore, Diameter (Dn) of the nth dark or bright ring is given by:

Dn / 4 = n λ R / µ cosθ
⟹ Dn2 = 4 n λ R
Here, R = Radius of curvature of the lens
λ = Wavelength of monochromatic light

Now, considering Dn and Dm as the diameter of nth and mth ring respectively,
we get:
2 2
µ { ( D n+ m ) −D n }
R=
4m λ

Apparatus Required

 Plano-convex lens
 Glass plate
 Monochromatic light source (sodium lamp)
 Traveling microscope

2
Procedures

1. A sodium light of wavelength λ = 589 nm is chosen as the


monochromatic light source.
2. The lens are kept at an inverted position (convex surface facing down) on
the microscope plate.
3. The source light was aligned and the reflector tilted so as to form the
interference pattern.
4. The microscope is then moved to the right of the central dark spot and set
on the dark ring n = 2, so that the cross-wire perpendicular to the
direction of movement of the microscope passes through the bright ring
and is tangential to it.
5. The microscope is then moved to the left of the central dark spot to the
same nth ring and reading is recorded.
6. The final difference between two readings gives the diameter of ring.
7. D2 vs n is plotted and radius R is determined.

Observation

Wavelength (λ) = 589 nm

Least Count of the Circular Scale of Travelling microscope = 10-3 cm


Least Count of Main Scale of Traveling microscope = 10-1 cm
Ring Right to Left Left to Right Dn Dn2
no. MSR CR TR MSR CR TR
(n) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
2 0.1 16 0.116 0.1 15 0.115 0.116 0.013456
4 0.2 02 0.202 0.2 03 0.203 0.203 0.041209
6 0.2 73 0.273 0.2 73 0.273 0.273 0.074529
8 0.3 24 0.324 0.3 25 0.325 0.325 0.105625
10 0.3 78 0.378 0.3 77 0.377 0.378 0.142884
12 0.4 00 0.400 0.4 00 0.400 0.400 0.160000

3
For n = 2

m D2m+n – Dn2 (cm2) Radius of Mean radius of


Curvature (cm) curvature (cm)
2 0.027753 58.899
4 0.061073 64.806
6 0.092169 65.202 63.955
8 0.129428 68.669
10 0.146544 62.200

Results and Calculations

Figure 2: Change in square of diameter of nth ring w.r.t n

4
From graph,
Slope = 0.01527 cm2

Slope = 4 λ R
⟹ R = Slope / 4 λ
= [0.01527 / (4*589*10-9) ] cm
= 64.813

Error Analysis

Theoretical value of radius of curvature, Rtheoretical = 60 cm


From experimental data, it is determined that radius, say R1 = 63.955 cm
From graphical data, it is determined that radius, say R2 = 64.813 cm

Therefore,
¿
Percentage deviation from experimental value = ¿ R1−R theoretical∨ Rtheoretical ¿ * 100%

= [(63.955 – 60)/60] * 100%


= 6.59%

¿
Percentage deviation from graphical value = ¿ R2−R theoretical∨ Rtheoretical ¿ * 100%

= [(64.813 – 60)/60] * 100%


= 8.02%

5
Considering a particular case, for example Dn = 0.325 cm
Then,
Maximum Percentage Error = (dR/R) * 100%
= 2*(dD/D) * 100%
= 2*(0.001/0.325) * 100%
= 0.615 %

Remark
The radius of curvature of the lens is hence determined by observing the ring
interference pattern due to monochromatic light.

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