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JV Pec J8 C PMGNEm SDR 6 R 5

The document discusses electromagnetic induction, including the concepts of magnetic flux, Faraday's laws, Fleming's right-hand rule, and Lenz's law. It explains the principles of motional electromotive force, energy considerations, and applications of eddy currents, such as electromagnetic damping and induction furnaces. Additionally, it covers self-induction and mutual induction, particularly in the context of solenoids and AC generators.

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12 views4 pages

JV Pec J8 C PMGNEm SDR 6 R 5

The document discusses electromagnetic induction, including the concepts of magnetic flux, Faraday's laws, Fleming's right-hand rule, and Lenz's law. It explains the principles of motional electromotive force, energy considerations, and applications of eddy currents, such as electromagnetic damping and induction furnaces. Additionally, it covers self-induction and mutual induction, particularly in the context of solenoids and AC generators.

Uploaded by

adarshmauryabhiti1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electromagnetic Induction

Magnetic flux linked with a surface:

It is the number of magnetic lines of force crossing a surface.

Flux linked with a surface of area A placed in a magnetic field B,


capital phi equals B with rightwards arrow on top. A with rightwards arrow
on top equals space B A space cos space theta
.

SI unit of flux is Weber.

Faraday's Laws

First Law − Whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked with a circuit
changes, an emf is induced in the circuit. The induced emf lasts as long as the
change in magnetic flux continues.

Second Law − The magnitude of emf induced in a circuit is directly


proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linked with the circuit.
The emf induced in a coil for changing magnetic flux(ϕB) linked with it is
given by
e equals negative N fraction numerator d capital phi subscript B over
denominator d t end fraction
.

Fleming's Right Hand Rule

The thumb, the first finger and the middle finger of the right hand are stretched such
that they are mutually perpendicular to each other. If the first finger is along the
direction of the magnetic field and the thumb is along the direction of the motion of
the conductor, then the middle finger represents the direction of induced emf or
current in the conductor.

Lenz's law
It states that the direction of induced emf in a circuit is always such to oppose
the change in magnetic flux responsible for it.

It is in accodance with the principle of conservation of the energy.

It is used to find the polarity of the emf induced in a circuit ,magnetic flux
related to which is changing with time.

The negative sign in the expression of the induced emf(e=-dΦBdt) is given by


this law.

Motional Electromotive Force

For a conductor PS of length l under the following conditions:

moving with the velocity v

in a magnetic field of strength B the

magnetic flux linked with the circuit changes and the emf induced (e) is given
by e=-Blv

Energy consideration
When a conductor is moved in a magnetic field there is conversion of the
mechanical enegy into electrical and thermal energy.

For a rod of the resistance r the current in the circuit is given by i=Blvr.

The force that opposes the rod to move is given by F=ilB=B2l2vr .

Power required to move the rod in the magnetic field is givenby P=B2l2v2r

Energy dissipated as heeat is given by PJ=B2l2v2r

Eddy currents Currents induced in a thick conductor when the conductor


is placed in a changing magnetic field.

Applications of Eddy Currents


Electromagnetic damping − Some galvanometers have a fixed core,
which is made of non-magnetic metallic materials. When the coil
oscillates, the eddy currents generated in the core oppose the motion and
bring the coil to rest quickly.

Induction furnace − In an induction furnace, very high temperature can


be produced by producing large eddy currents.

Magnetic braking in trains − Strong electromagnets are situated above


the rails in some electrically powered trains. When the electromagnets
are activated, the eddy currents induced in the rails oppose the motion of
the train.

Self-induction − Property of a coil by virtue of which the coil opposes any


change in the strength of current flowing through it by inducing an emf in itself
Self-Inductance of a Long Solenoid of length l

L=μ0N2Al
N is the number of turns in the coil

Mutual induction: It is the phenomenon of production of induced emf in one


coil, due to varying current in the neighbouring coil.

Induced emf,
Where, M is mutual inductance of the coil

Mutual inductance of two long solenoids:

Where,
Np Number of turns in the primary coil
Ns Number of turns in the secondary coil
A Cross-sectional area of the solenoid
l Length of the solenoid

In an AC generator, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by


virtue of electromagnetic induction. If a coil of N turns and area A is rotated at
n revolutions per second in a uniform magnetic field B, then the motional emf
produced is

Where, we have assumed that at t = 0 s, the coil is perpendicular to the field.

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