ĐỀ ÔN GIỮA KÌ 2

TEST 1
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Timeless Treasures: Where Legacy Lives Forever
 The antique collection (1)_________ transforms any space into an elegant sanctuary. Step into our world, where (2)_________
pieces await your discovery. The craftsmen (3)_________ in our workshop create masterpieces that last generations, ensuring
each item tells its own unique story.
 We deliver quality assurance (4)_________ our collectors, offering a piece of history for every home. When it comes to
authenticity, we (5)_________ no stone unturned - each artifact is meticulously verified and restored. We enjoy preserving
history and (6)_________ these timeless pieces with the world, making your home a testament to enduring beauty and
craftsmanship.
Question 1:A. beauty B. beautifully C. beautiful D. beautify
Question 2:A. exquisite vintage furniture B. furniture exquisite vintage
C. exquisite furniture vintage D. vintage exquisite furniture
Question 3:A. worked B. was worked C. working D. which worked
Question 4:A. with B. to C. for D. at
Question 5:A. put B. make C. turn D. leave
Question 6:A. share B. to sharing C. sharing D. to share
Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of
the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
ECHOES OF THE PAST, VOICES FOR TOMORROW
 Join Us in Preserving Our Cultural Heritage!
 While some historical sites have been preserved, (7)_________ have fallen into disrepair, leaving us with a diminishing
connection to our heritage. Our rich cultural legacy deserves to be protected and cherished for future generations. Our dedicated
team is (8)_________ innovative ways to protect these cultural treasures. Through cutting-edge technology and traditional
methods, we're working to safeguard our historical landmarks.
 The preservation of (9)_________ requires extensive expertise and commitment. We bring together specialists from various
fields to ensure the highest standards of conservation. (10)_________ the challenges we face, we remain committed to our
mission. Each artifact tells a unique story of our past, and we're determined to keep these stories alive.
 The restoration process demands meticulous craftsmanship and patience. Our expert (11)_________ work tirelessly to maintain
the authenticity of each historical piece. A (12)_________ of artifacts require careful documentation and storage. We utilize
state-of-the-art facilities to protect these precious remnants of our history.
Get Involved!
Question 7:A. the others B. another C. others D. other
Question 8:A. growing on B. breaking in C. burning out D. looking into
Question 9:A. antiquities B. artifacts C. monuments D. relics
Question 10:A. In front of B. In spite of C. In favor of D. With respect to
Question 11:A. curators B. conservators C. historians D. archivists
Question 12:A. lot B. many C. few D. much
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a
meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
Question 13:
a. Mike: Yes, I am! We're documenting traditional crafts and stories from our local artisans. It's amazing how many skills have
been passed down through generations.
b. Sarah: Hey Mike, I heard you're working on a cultural heritage preservation project. What exactly does that involve?
c. Sarah: That sounds fascinating! But why is it so important to preserve these traditions now?
A. a-b-c B. b-a-c C. c-a-b D. b-c-a
Question 14:
a. Tom: Yes! Technology is changing how we preserve heritage. These drones can create detailed 3D models of ancient structures
in just hours.
b. Emma: That's clever! I guess preserving our heritage doesn't mean we have to stick to old methods.
c. Tom: Not at all. It actually helps us protect them better. We can spot damage early and plan repairs more effectively. Plus, if
anything happens to the original structure, we have perfect digital copies.
d. Emma: Tom, I noticed you're using drones to document historical buildings. That's quite different from traditional preservation
methods!
e. Emma: But doesn't that take away from the traditional aspect of preservation?
A. a-d-e-c-b B. d-b-e-c-a C. d-a-e-c-b D. c-e-d-b-a
Question 15:
Dear Emma,
a. The judges were especially impressed by how users can now "walk through" historical sites virtually.
b. Your idea of combining traditional storytelling with AR technology was brilliant.
c. Can you join us for the award ceremony next month? We'd love to have you present our project.
d. I'm writing with wonderful news! Our heritage preservation app has won the Innovation Award.
e. Best wishes,
LK
A. d-b-a-c-e B. a-b-c-d-e C. b-a-d-c-e D. e-c-b-a-d
Question 16:
a. Blockchain technology is protecting traditional crafts in new ways. Digital certificates now authenticate indigenous art and
designs, while ensuring artisans receive fair payment for their work.
b. Young people are becoming unexpected guardians of tradition through social media. On platforms like TikTok and Instagram,
traditional recipes, folk dances, and cultural stories are trending, reaching audiences worldwide in seconds.
c. AI helps save endangered languages by creating digital archives and teaching tools. Communities can now preserve their mother
tongues while embracing modern communication methods.
d. The metaverse offers exciting possibilities for heritage preservation, creating virtual spaces where people can experience
historical events and learn traditional practices through immersive technology.
e. Digital technology has transformed how we preserve our cultural heritage. Museums now create virtual exhibitions, allowing
millions to explore ancient artifacts through their smartphones and VR headsets, making history accessible to everyone.
A. c-a-b-e-d B. b-e-c-a-d C. a-b-c-e-d D. e-b-a-c-d
Question 17:
a. Wearable technology is revolutionizing cultural education. Smart glasses allow tourists to see ancient ruins restored to their
former glory, while AI-powered earbuds provide real-time translation of traditional songs and stories.
b. Space technology is helping document Earth's cultural sites. Satellite imaging and drone mapping create detailed 3D models of
heritage locations, protecting them digitally for future generations.
c. Social robots in museums now act as cultural ambassadors, sharing stories in multiple languages and adapting their
communication style to different age groups, making heritage education more engaging and personalized.
d. Smart cities are incorporating heritage elements into their urban planning through augmented reality. Historical landmarks now
tell their stories through interactive holograms, while street art celebrates local culture using projection mapping technology.
e. Gaming platforms have become unexpected preservers of culture. Popular video games now feature accurately researched
traditional costumes, music, and architecture, teaching young players about their heritage while they play.
A. d-c-b-a-e B. d-a-e-b-c C. d-b-e-a-c D. d-c-b-e-a
Read the following passage about How Technology is Revolutionizing Heritage Preservation and mark the letter A, B, C or D
on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.
In recent years, cutting-edge technology (18)_________, having revolutionized traditional conservation methods. Museums and
cultural institutions, (19)_________, are now able to protect and share their collections more effectively than ever before. While
traditional preservation techniques continue to play a vital role, digital tools have opened up new possibilities for documentation and
conservation. Advanced 3D scanning technology, creating detailed digital replicas of artifacts, (20)_________. These digital archives
not only serve as backup copies but also democratize access to cultural heritage.
The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning has enhanced our ability to analyze and preserve historical
artifacts. (21)_________, have made significant breakthroughs in digital conservation. By utilizing these technologies, institutions can
detect early signs of deterioration and implement preventive measures. (22)_________ that future generations will have access to our
shared cultural legacy.
Question 18:
A. has transformed the way we preserve our cultural heritage
B. which transforming the way we preserve our cultural heritage
C. that has transform the way which we preserve our cultural heritage
D. having transform the way we preserve our cultural heritage
Question 19:
A. which has embraced digital solutions
B. which embraced digital solutions
C. which have embraced digital solutions
D. whose have embraced digital solutions
Question 20:
A. enabling conservators monitoring degradation patterns and planning interventions
B. enables conservators to monitor degradation patterns and plan interventions
C. enabled conservators, who monitoring degradation patterns and planning interventions
D. having enabled conservators monitor degradation patterns and planning interventions
Question 21:
A. Researchers working tirelessly but develop preservation techniques
B. Researchers they are working tirelessly for preservation techniques
C. Researchers tirelessly working new preservation techniques is
D. Researchers, working tirelessly to develop new preservation techniques
Question 22:
A. This technological revolution in heritage preservation ensures
B. This technological revolution in heritage preservation ensuring
C. These technological revolution in heritage preservation ensure
D. That technological revolution in heritage preservation ensure
Read the following passage about The Future of Heritage Preservation and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet
to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
The intersection of blockchain technology and cultural heritage has given rise to an innovative approach to preserving ancient
artifacts through Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). This groundbreaking method enables museums and cultural institutions to create
digital representations of historical objects, ensuring their preservation for future generations while generating additional revenue
streams.
The digitization process involves creating detailed 3D scans of artifacts, which are then converted into unique NFTs. These
digital tokens not only contain high-resolution images but also encompass crucial metadata about the artifact's origin, history, and
significance. This revolutionary approach has attracted considerable attention from both traditional collectors and tech-savvy
enthusiasts, leading to successful auctions of digital replicas of ancient artifacts from renowned museums worldwide.
However, this technological advancement has sparked debate within the archaeological community. Critics argue that NFTs
might inadvertently encourage the illegal trafficking of physical artifacts, as digital ownership could potentially be used to
legitimize stolen items. Supporters counter that blockchain technology actually enhances transparency in artifact ownership and helps
track the provenance of historical objects more effectively.
Looking ahead, the integration of NFTs in heritage preservation presents both opportunities and challenges. While it offers new
ways to engage younger generations with historical artifacts and provides additional funding for conservation efforts, institutions must
carefully balance technological innovation with ethical considerations. The success of this initiative will largely depend on
establishing clear guidelines and regulations for the digital representation of cultural heritage.
Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of using NFTs for artifact preservation?
A. Creating additional revenue streams for museums.
B. Improving accessibility to historical artifacts for younger generations.
C. Enhancing transparency in artifact ownership tracking.
D. Reducing storage and maintenance costs for physical artifacts.
Question 24: The word “revenue” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. income B. earnings C. profit D. expenditure
Question 25: The word “metadata” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by_________.
A. descriptive information B. digital codes C. authentication records D. storage data
Question 26: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A. The creation of digital replicas through blockchain technology might reduce the cultural significance of original historical artifacts.
B. Digital certificates of ownership through NFTs could be misused to make illegally obtained artifacts appear legitimate in the
market.
C. The widespread adoption of NFTs in museums could lead to decreased security measures for protecting physical cultural heritage.
D. The monetary value associated with digital tokens might cause collectors to focus more on trading than preserving ancient items.
Question 27: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. NFTs of cultural artifacts only contain high-resolution images without any additional information.
B. The archaeological community is unanimously in favor of using NFTs for artifact preservation.
C. Digital tokens include metadata about the artifact's origin, history, and significance.
D. The digitization process eliminates the need for physical preservation of artifacts.
Question 28: The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to_________.
A. blockchain technology
B. heritage preservation
C. the integration of NFTs in heritage preservation
D. technological innovation
Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention two components of NFT artifacts?
A. Paragraph 4 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 2 D. Paragraph 1
Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention what is the main purpose of using NFTs in cultural heritage?
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 1 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 3
Read the following passage about the When Gen Z Reinvents Tradition and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet
to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
In recent years, Generation Z has been revolutionizing traditional cultural practices in unprecedented ways. These young
innovators are not simply preserving heritage; they are putting a new spin on it through digital platforms and modern interpretations.
From reimagining traditional crafts through 3D printing to creating viral social media content featuring ancient customs, Gen Z is
ensuring cultural traditions don't fall by the wayside.
[I]The digital transformation of cultural heritage by Gen Z extends far beyond mere documentation. [II]Young entrepreneurs are
launching successful businesses that blend traditional elements with contemporary designs, making cultural products more appealing
to modern consumers. [III], while others are developing apps that teach ancient languages through gamification. [IV]
What makes this movement particularly significant is its global reach and collaborative nature. Through social media platforms,
young cultural innovators can instantly share their reinterpretations with audiences worldwide, creating cross-cultural dialogues and
inspiring others to explore their own heritage in creative ways. This digital preservation of culture ensures that traditions remain
relevant and accessible to future generations.
Perhaps most importantly, Gen Z's approach to cultural preservation reflects a deeper understanding of sustainability and
inclusivity. They recognize that for traditions to survive, they must adapt to changing social values and environmental concerns.
Many young innovators are finding ways to make traditional crafts more sustainable by using eco-friendly materials or
reducing waste through digital tools while making cultural practices more inclusive through technology.
Question 31: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way Gen Z preserves tradition?
A. Organizing traditional food festivals and cooking competitions.
B. Creating viral social media content featuring ancient customs.
C. Using 3D printing to reimagine traditional crafts.
D. Incorporating traditional patterns into streetwear fashion.
Question 32: The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to_________.
A. digital platforms B. heritage C. Generation Z D. cultural practices
Question 33: The phrase “fall by the wayside” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by_________.
A. take off B. come across C. break down D. die out
Question 34: Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?
For instance, some are incorporating traditional patterns into streetwear fashion
A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 35: The word “reinterpretations” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. modifications B. reproductions C. duplications D. originals
Question 36: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A. The movement creates worldwide connections through social media platforms, fostering cultural exchange and heritage
exploration.
B. The movement enables digital archiving of cultural practices while promoting global awareness through technological
documentation.
C. The movement transforms traditional practices into profitable ventures through strategic implementation of digital marketing tools.
D. The movement maintains cultural authenticity by limiting modern interpretations while ensuring widespread digital distribution.
Question 37: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. They focus exclusively on digitizing traditional practices through social media platforms and avoid making any modifications to
preserve authenticity.
B. They combine modern technology with traditional elements while ensuring sustainability and inclusivity in their cultural
preservation efforts.
C. They primarily concentrate on developing mobile applications and games that teach cultural practices without considering
traditional methods.
D. They emphasize individual entrepreneurship in cultural preservation while limiting cross-cultural collaboration and international
engagement.
Question 38: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Modern technology enables young artisans to transform ancient crafting methods into sustainable processes while expanding their
reach to diverse communities globally.
B. Gen Z creators combine environmental consciousness with digital innovation to preserve cultural heritage while ensuring broader
accessibility to traditional practices.
C. Digital platforms allow contemporary artists to modify traditional techniques using eco-conscious materials while adapting cultural
customs for wider participation.
D. Young innovators integrate sustainable materials and technological solutions to modernize cultural traditions while promoting
inclusive community engagement.
Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Gen Z prioritizes complete authenticity in cultural preservation, avoiding any modern adaptations to maintain traditional practices
in their purest form.
B. Gen Z focuses primarily on documenting traditional practices through social media, with little interest in creating innovative
business models around cultural elements.
C. Gen Z emphasizes individual interpretation of cultural practices over collaborative efforts, preferring to work independently on
heritage preservation projects.
D. Gen Z leverages digital platforms and technology to transform cultural heritage, making traditions more accessible while adapting
them for contemporary relevance.
Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. Gen Z is using digital platforms and modern technology to document traditional cultural practices, focusing primarily on creating
viral social media content and online archives for future reference.
B. Gen Z is revolutionizing cultural traditions by blending heritage with modern innovations, using digital tools and sustainable
approaches to make traditions more relevant and accessible globally.
C. Gen Z entrepreneurs are developing successful businesses by incorporating traditional elements into contemporary products,
particularly in fashion and language learning applications.
D. Gen Z is creating cross-cultural dialogues through social media platforms, emphasizing the importance of preserving ancient
customs in their original, authentic forms.
TEST 2
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Heritage Guardians: Bridging Yesterday with Tomorrow
 Step into a world where history comes alive through the hands of those who protect it. The dedicated preservationists work
(1)_________ to preserve our cultural legacy, ensuring that every fragment of our past remains intact for future generations.
(2)_________ stand as silent witnesses to our past, their weathered walls holding centuries of untold stories.
 The artifacts (3)_________ in remote locations tell fascinating stories of civilizations long gone, each piece a window into
humanity's remarkable journey. Our experts explain these findings (4)_________ visitors, creating immersive experiences that
connect people with their roots. We (5)_________ our heart and soul into preservation, safeguarding these priceless remnants of
history.
 We enjoy documenting heritage sites and sharing their stories with future generations, making history accessible and engaging
for all. Through cutting-edge technology and traditional conservation methods, we're not just preserving the past—we're building
bridges to the future.
 Join us in our mission (6)_________ and celebrate our shared heritage. Because every artifact tells a story, and every story
deserves to be heard.
Question 1:A. tired B. tirelessly C. tireless D. tireliness
Question 2:A. Stone ancient temples B. Ancient stone temples
C. Temples ancient stone D. Stone temples ancient
Question 3:A. discovered B. which discovered C. discovering D. was discovered
Question 4:A. about B. for C. to D. with
Question 5:A. take B. do C. bring D. put
Question 6:A. protecting B. to protect C. to protecting D. protect
Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of
the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
A LEGACY WORTH PROTECTING
 Our cultural heritage represents the essence of who we are. While some traditions fade away, (7)_________ remain strong
through generations.
 We must (8)_________ our ancestral customs and pass them down to future generations. The preservation of historical
(9)_________ requires immediate attention and action. (10)_________ modernization, we should maintain our traditional
values. The (11)_________ of cultural practices makes them truly special. A (12)_________ of effort is needed to protect our
heritage.
Question 7:A. the others B. other C. another D. others
Question 8:A. look after B. break down C. bring off D. come about
Question 9:A. sites B. artifacts C. documents D. buildings
Question 10:A. In front of B. In spite of C. In terms of D. In light of
Question 11:A. diversity B. preservation C. authenticity D. significance
Question 12:A. much B. few C. little D. great deal
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a
meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
Question 13:
a. Marcus: "You know, I was just working on something related to that. What if we could create digital twins of historical sites?
Using AI and 3D scanning to preserve every detail."
b. Sarah: "Marcus, I've been thinking about how we can make heritage preservation more engaging for the younger generation.
Traditional museums just aren't cutting it anymore."
c. Sarah: "That's fascinating! But how would we ensure the emotional connection isn't lost in the digital translation? Our heritage is
more than just physical structures."
A. c-a-b B. a-b-c C. b-a-c D. c-b-a
Question 14:
a. Alex: "Love it! But what makes it different from regular social media posts?"
b. Maya: "Each video is verified by heritage experts and gets a unique digital certificate. Plus, we're using AR filters that can show
how places looked across different time periods. Imagine pointing your phone at an old building and seeing its entire history!"
c. Maya: "Users can create 30-second videos documenting local traditions, stories, or historical places in their community. The AI
then categorizes and preserves these memories in a global digital archive."
d. Maya: "Alex, I've developed this new app that lets people contribute to heritage preservation through crowdsourcing. Think of it
as 'TikTok meets history.'"
e. Alex: "That sounds cool! How exactly does it work?"
A. a-b-c-d-e B. a-d-e-c-b C. d-b-c-e-a D. d-e-c-a-b
Question 15:
Dear James,
a. Would you join our beta test next Thursday? We're launching the first-ever "Heritage Dream Room" where people can sleep and
experience a full night of historical memories. It's completely safe—I've tried it myself!
b. The quantum-preserved stories are crystal clear, and the emotional resonance is incredible.
c. Amazing news! Our "Heritage Pulse" project just hit a breakthrough. The neural implant we developed can now transmit
ancestral memories directly to users' consciousness—imagine experiencing your great-grandmother's wedding day as if you were
there!
d. Even better, our AI has successfully translated ancient dialects in real-time during these memory experiences. Users can now
understand conversations from centuries ago!
e. I can't wait to hear your thoughts.
Best wishes,
LK
A. c-b-d-a-e B. a-b-c-d-e C. b-c-a-d-e D. d-e-b-a-c
Question 16:
a. The Cultural Emotion Archive captures the heart of heritage. Using quantum sensors, we preserve not just events, but the
feelings of celebrations, traditions, and community spirit.
b. NeuroLink Heritage™ changed everything in 2045. Now, a single DNA crystal holds thousands of cultural memories, instantly
accessible through neural connection.
c. Quantum Memory Pods act as time windows. These tiny devices let people step directly into historical moments, experiencing
their ancestors' lives in stunning detail.
d. Looking to 2050, our heritage lives and grows. Each generation adds new memories to this living archive, creating an endless
bridge between the past and the future.
e. Heritage Clouds float invisibly around us. These smart particles respond to thoughts, sharing stories of the past wherever people
walk.
A. c-e-b-a-d B. a-e-b-c-d C. b-c-a-e-d D. e-b-c-a-d
Question 17:
a. The Global Heritage Network connects all cultures through quantum consciousness. People can instantly share traditions across
continents, creating a universal tapestry of human experience.
b. Holographic DNA Archives float in every home. These living crystals project 4D stories of our past, allowing families to gather
inside memories of their great-grandparents.
c. The MindMeld Heritage™ launched in 2060 revolutionized everything. Now, ancestral memories merge directly with our
dreams, letting us live our heritage while we sleep.
d. By 2065, we won't just preserve heritage - we'll live it. Our past, present, and future merge into one continuous stream of shared
human experience, accessible to all through thought alone.
e. Memory Gardens bloom in our cities, where bio-engineered plants store cultural data. Touch a leaf, and centuries of stories flow
directly into your mind.
A. c-a-d-e-b B. c-b-a-e-d C. c-e-b-a-d D. c-d-e-b-a
Read the following passage about When Tradition Meets Social Media and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet
to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.
Social media platforms, especially Instagram, (18)_________. While some critics argue that social media trivializes traditions,
others believe that it has been helping to document and promote cultural practices that might otherwise be forgotten. Traditional
craftsmen who have been practicing their arts for generations are now finding new audiences through Instagram posts,
(19)_________. (20)_________. Having recognized the power of social media, (21)_________. Museums and heritage sites adapting
to this digital age not only display their artifacts physically but also create engaging content for their social media channels. Although
social media can sometimes oversimplify complex cultural narratives, it provides an unprecedented opportunity to connect people
with their heritage. (22)_________. This digital transformation of heritage presentation, while challenging traditional methods of
cultural preservation, opens new avenues for cultural engagement and understanding.
Question 18:
A. have transformed how cultural heritage is preserved and shared
B. which transformed how cultural heritage is preserved and shared
C. that have transformed which cultural heritage is preserved and shared
D. having transformed how cultural heritage is preserved and shared
Question 19:
A. which allowed them to showcase their work globally
B. which allows them to showcase their work globally
C. which will allow them to showcase their work globally
D. what allows them to showcase their work globally
Question 20:
A. Cultural institutions actively embrace digital platforms
B. Cultural institutions passive embracing digital platforms
C. Cultural institutions actively embraces digital platform
D. Cultural institution actively embrace digital platforms
Question 21:
A. these institutions working hard to reach younger generations
B. these institutions worked hard reaching younger generations
C. these institutions, having worked hard, to reach younger generations
D. these institutions are working hard to reach younger generations
Question 22:
A. Young people discovering their roots Instagram daily
B. Young people discover their roots through Instagram daily
C. Through Instagram daily young people roots discover
D. Young people everyday Instagram roots discovering
Read the following passage about Experiencing Heritage Through AR and VR and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
The integration of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies has revolutionized how we experience
historical sites and cultural heritage. These immersive technologies transport visitors back in time, allowing them to witness historical
events and explore ancient civilizations in unprecedented detail.
One of the most significant advantages of AR and VR in heritage preservation is their ability to reconstruct damaged or lost
historical artifacts. Visitors can now see ancient ruins restored to their former glory through digital overlays, while also helping
preserve delicate artifacts by reducing physical contact.
Interactive elements allow visitors to engage with historical figures and participate in ancient ceremonies through immersive
storytelling. Students can analyze architectural details and examine artifacts from multiple angles, making learning more engaging
and memorable.
Despite the benefits, implementing AR and VR solutions presents challenges. The initial cost can be substantial, and there's a
need to balance technological innovation with historical accuracy. However, their role in heritage preservation continues to grow.
Question 23: Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED as a benefit of AR/VR in heritage sites?
A. Reconstructing damaged historical artifacts.
B. Reducing maintenance costs of heritage sites.
C. Enabling interactive experiences with historical figures.
D. Preserving artifacts by minimizing physical contact.
Question 24: The word “immersive” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. Detached B. Engaging C. Interactive D. Absorbing
Question 25: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to_________.
A. Visitors B. Digital overlays C. Delicate artifacts D. Ancient ruins
Question 26: The word “memorable” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________.
A. significant B. unforgettable C. important D. lasting
Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. The implementation expenses are considerable, while maintaining historical authenticity alongside modern technology remains
challenging.
B. The technology requires significant funding, and preserving historical precision with digital innovations poses ongoing difficulties.
C. The setup costs are extensive, and coordinating advanced technology with historical faithfulness creates constant concerns.
D. The financial investment is substantial, and reconciling technological advances with historical integrity presents key challenges.
Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. AR and VR technologies allow visitors to physically touch and handle ancient artifacts safely.
B. The implementation of AR and VR solutions in heritage sites is completely cost-effective.
C. AR and VR can create digital reconstructions of damaged historical sites and artifacts.
D. Interactive elements are limited to viewing historical sites from a single perspective.
Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention what is one of the main challenges of implementing AR and VR?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 4 C. Paragraph 2 D. Paragraph 3
Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention how students benefit from AR and VR technology?
A. Paragraph 4 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 1
Read the following passage about the Heritage Goes Hyper-Digital and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
The emergence of metaverse museums has turned the world of cultural heritage on its head. These virtual spaces offer
immersive environments where visitors can explore artifacts and exhibitions from anywhere globally. Through VR and AR
technologies, museums are breaking down geographical barriers and creating unprecedented access to cultural treasures.
In these digital realms, [I]. They can rotate ancient sculptures,[II] zoom in on intricate details of paintings, or even witness
historical events through realistic simulations. The metaverse technology enables curators to create dynamic, [III]interactive
exhibitions that adapt to visitors' interests and learning styles. This personalization enhances engagement and deepens understanding
of cultural heritage[IV].
Moreover, metaverse museums serve as powerful tools for preservation and education. Digital scanning and modeling
techniques create precise replicas of artifacts, ensuring their preservation for future generations. These virtual spaces also facilitate
collaborative research among scholars worldwide, enabling them to study and analyze artifacts together in real-time, regardless of
their physical location. The integration of artificial intelligence provides intelligent guidance and contextual information, enriching
the educational experience.
The social aspect of metaverse museums shouldn't be overlooked. Visitors can share their experiences with others,
participate in virtual guided tours, and engage in discussions with people from diverse cultural backgrounds. This
interconnectedness fosters cultural exchange and understanding, making museums more inclusive and accessible than ever before.
Question 31: The phrase “turn something on its head” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by________.
A. break down B. zoom in C. shake up D. look over
Question 32: Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?
visitors can interact with priceless artifacts in ways previously impossible in traditional museums
A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 33: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of metaverse museums?
A. Revenue generation through virtual ticket sales and digital gift shops.
B. Interactive manipulation of artifacts through VR and AR technologies.
C. Preservation of cultural artifacts through digital scanning.
D. Real-time collaboration among scholars worldwide.
Question 34: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?
A. Virtual reality technology enables detailed examination of historical objects while providing interactive simulations that recreate
significant events from the past.
B. Metaverse museums allow visitors to manipulate digital artifacts and experience personalized exhibitions that adapt to individual
preferences and learning approaches.
C. Digital museum spaces incorporate advanced visualization tools that let users explore artwork details and participate in customized
educational experiences.
D. Modern museum technology transforms traditional viewing into dynamic interactions where visitors can examine artifacts and
engage with adaptive content.
Question 35: The word “replicas” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. duplicates B. copies C. reproductions D. originals
Question 36: The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to_________.
A. Digital scanning and modeling techniques
B. Artifacts
C. Future generations
D. Precise replicas
Question 37: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Metaverse museums limit the interaction between visitors and artifacts to traditional viewing methods.
B. The integration of artificial intelligence reduces the educational value of virtual museum experiences.
C. Virtual museum spaces restrict collaboration among scholars from different geographical locations.
D. Digital scanning and modeling techniques create precise replicas of artifacts for preservation purposes.
Question 38: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Museum visitors can post their digital experiences, attend online guided sessions, and communicate with people of different ethnic
origins.
B. Virtual guests can share their museum reflections, take part in guided explorations, and connect with individuals from global
communities.
C. Metaverse users can exchange personal insights, join virtual museum tours, and interact with participants from various cultural
traditions.
D. Digital visitors can discuss their observations, follow virtual museum guides, and engage with people from multicultural
backgrounds.
Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Metaverse museums facilitate global collaboration while enhancing the preservation of cultural artifacts digitally.
B. Virtual museum experiences promote interactive learning while revolutionizing traditional exhibition methods.
C. Digital museum platforms enable personalized exploration while advancing scholarly research opportunities.
D. Immersive museum technologies foster cultural exchange while transforming educational engagement methods.
Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. Metaverse museums transform cultural heritage through digital innovation, combining immersive technologies with interactive
experiences to enhance global accessibility and educational engagement.
B. Metaverse museums revolutionize artifact preservation and research collaboration, enabling scholars worldwide to study digital
replicas while providing AI-powered guidance for detailed analysis.
C. Metaverse museums create dynamic virtual environments where visitors can manipulate digital artifacts, participate in
personalized exhibitions, and experience historical events through simulations.
D. Metaverse museums foster cultural exchange through social connectivity, allowing visitors to share experiences, join virtual tours,
and engage in cross-cultural discussions globally.

TEST 3
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Stories That Shape Our Future
 Step into a world where the past meets the present. The ancient wisdom (1)_________ transforms into modern inspiration,
breathing new life into our cultural tapestry. The (2)_________ enriches our daily lives, creating a vibrant mosaic of traditions
and innovations.
 The stories (3)_________ down through generations connect us to our roots, weaving together the fabric of our shared identity.
Our team dedicates these exhibitions (4)_________ the community, inviting everyone to be part of this remarkable journey. At
the (5)_________ of the day, every small action counts in preserving our heritage—from documenting family recipes to sharing
traditional crafts.
 We encourage sharing stories and preserving our cultural legacy for future generations. Each artifact, each tale, and each
tradition holds within it the power to inspire, educate, and unite. Together, we can ensure that our living heritage continues to
flourish and evolve.
 Join us in (6)_________ the timeless connection between past and present, where every story becomes a bridge to our future.
Visit our exhibition halls and discover the extraordinary narratives that have shaped who we are today.
Question 1:A. grace B. gracefully C. graceful D. gracefulness
Question 2:A. beautiful art collection B. art beautiful collection
C. collection art beautiful D. beautiful collection art
Question 3:A. which passed B. passing C. was passed D. passed
Question 4:A. for B. with C. to D. about
Question 5:A. end B. close C. finish D. start
Question 6:A. celebrate B. to celebrate C. to celebrating D. celebrating
Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of
the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
Our Heritage, Our Identity: A Call to Action
 Dear Community Members,
 Our cultural heritage stands at a critical crossroads today. While some traditions fade away, (7)_________ remain strong in our
community, serving as pillars of our identity. These precious customs connect us to our roots and define who we are as a people.
 We must (8)_________ for our cultural heritage before it disappears completely. The preservation of our ancestral customs is
our utmost (9)_________, and each of us has a vital role to play. (10)_________ modernization, we should maintain our
traditional values that have guided our community for generations.
 The (11)_________ of cultural identity shapes who we are and influences how we view the world. A (12)_________ of our
heritage has been passed down through generations, enriching our lives with wisdom, art, and traditions that make us unique.
Question 7:A. the others B. other C. another D. others
Question 8:A. bring down B. call off C. stand up D. carry out
Question 9:A. priority B. tradition C. obligation D. responsibility
Question 10:A. In spite of B. In addition to C. In pursuit of D. In favor of
Question 11:A. simplicity B. significance C. rejection D. limitation
Question 12:A. many B. few C. great deal D. plenty
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a
meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
Question 13:
a. Sarah: Exactly! I think it's crucial to preserve these historic buildings. They tell the story of our community and connect us to our
past.
b. Sarah: Have you heard about the plans to demolish the old Thompson Library building downtown?
c. Mike: Yes, I'm really concerned about it. That building has been a landmark in our city for over 100 years. It's part of our
cultural heritage!
A. c-b-a B. a-b-c C. b-c-a D. b-a-c
Question 14:
a. Lisa: Oh, you mean the one using virtual reality to preserve traditional ceremonies and customs? That's fascinating!
b. Lisa: Absolutely! And they're also recording oral histories from elderly community members and creating an online archive.
c. Tom: Yes! I think it's brilliant how they're using modern technology to keep our heritage alive. Future generations can
experience these traditions firsthand through VR.
d. Tom: That's so important. We need to embrace these new ways of preserving our cultural heritage before these stories and
traditions are lost forever.
e. Tom: Hey Lisa, did you see that new digital heritage project they're launching at the National Museum?
A. c-b-e-a-d B. e-b-d-a-c C. a-b-c-d-e D. e-a-c-b-d
Question 15:
Dear David,
a. The idea came from watching my teenage daughter interact with social media—if we want young people to engage with
heritage, we need to speak their language.
b. I would be honored to present at the summit. Perhaps we could also discuss incorporating AI-powered storytelling features into
the app.
c. Thank you for your enthusiastic response! I'm thrilled that you see the potential in the "Heritage in Your Hands" project.
d. By gamifying the experience and adding social sharing features, we can make heritage preservation more accessible and
engaging.
e. Best wishes,
LK
A. c-a-d-b-e B. a-b-c-d-e C. b-d-a-c-e D. b-e-d-c-a
Question 16:
a. 3D scanning and AI help protect historical sites. These tools create digital copies of monuments and artifacts, preserving them
for the future.
b. Museums now use virtual reality and digital displays to share cultural treasures globally. Visitors can explore historical artifacts
through interactive experiences from anywhere in the world.
c. Communities use technology to save their culture. They record stories as podcasts and create digital archives of traditional music
and art.
d. Tech experts and cultural leaders work together to protect heritage. Through apps and virtual experiences, they're connecting our
past with the digital future.
e. Young people on TikTok and Instagram are bringing traditions to life. They share ancient dances, recipes, and customs, making
heritage preservation engaging for new generations.
A. b-e-a-c-d B. a-b-c-d-e C. c-b-e-a-d D. e-c-b-a-d
Question 17:
a. Mobile apps turn citizens into heritage guardians. People use phones to report threats to historic sites and document
undiscovered cultural treasures.
b. Holographic performances bring extinct traditions back to life. Ancient ceremonies and forgotten dances appear in public spaces,
letting people interact with their heritage.
c. Artificial intelligence now guards ancient traditions. Smart sensors monitor historic buildings, while AI predicts maintenance
needs before damage occurs.
d. Blockchain technology protects cultural ownership. Indigenous communities use NFTs to claim their art and traditions,
preventing unauthorized use of their heritage.
e. Virtual time travel becomes reality. Using mixed reality glasses, visitors walk through reconstructed ancient cities while learning
from AI tour guides.
A. c-a-e-b-d B. c-b-d-a-e C. c-a-d-b-e D. c-e-a-d-b
Read the following passage about From Ancient Wisdom to Modern Innovation and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.
Heritage sites, (18)_________, are now embracing technological innovations to preserve their stories. (19)_________, these
monuments continue to inspire modern generations through digital preservation techniques and virtual reality experiences. While
traditional conservation methods remain important, (20)_________; moreover, (21)_________. Preserving our cultural heritage and
adapting it for future generations, conservators work tirelessly to strike a balance between authenticity and accessibility.
Archaeological discoveries have not only revealed fascinating insights into our ancestors' lives but also revolutionized our
understanding of human civilization. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning (22)_________, enabling
researchers to uncover hidden patterns and connections that were previously impossible to detect. This technological Renaissance in
heritage preservation demonstrates how ancient wisdom and modern innovation can coexist harmoniously.
Question 18:
A. which stands as silent witnesses to centuries of human history
B. which have stood as silent witnesses to centuries of human history
C. which stood as silent witnesses to centuries of human history
D. what have stood as silent witnesses to centuries of human history
Question 19:
A. Having survived countless challenges throughout history
B. Surviving countless challenges throughout history
C. Which survived countless challenges throughout history
D. Being survived countless challenges throughout history
Question 20:
A. museums and cultural institutions actively cutting-edge technologies therefore visitor engagement increasing dramatically
nowadays
B. museums and cultural institutions are actively incorporating cutting-edge technologies to enhance visitor engagement
C. museums and cultural institutions incorporating modern technologies visitor experiences therefore becoming more interactive daily
D. museums and cultural places technology implementation making visitor engagement therefore improving the experiences
Question 21:
A. they creates interactive exhibitions for bringing ancient artifacts alive
B. interactive exhibitions is making ancient artifacts to life by them
C. them make the ancient artifacts alive through interactive exhibitions
D. they are creating interactive exhibitions that bring ancient artifacts to life
Question 22:
A. which transforming how we study and interpret historical artifacts
B. that has transform how we study and interpret historical artifacts
C. has transformed how we study and interpret historical artifacts
D. having transform how we study and interpret historical artifacts
Read the following passage about When TikTok Meets Tradition and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
In recent years, social media platforms, particularly TikTok, have become unexpected allies in preserving and promoting cultural
heritage. Young content creators, dubbed "heritage influencers," are revolutionizing how traditional customs and practices are shared
with global audiences. These digital ambassadors skillfully blend ancient wisdom with modern storytelling techniques, making
centuries-old traditions accessible and engaging for younger generations.
The impact of these cultural advocates extends far beyond mere entertainment. Through short-form videos, they demonstrate
traditional crafts, showcase historical sites, and explain cultural rituals that might otherwise fade into obscurity. For instance, many
Asian heritage influencers have garnered millions of views by presenting traditional cooking methods, ancient art forms, and
ceremonial practices in an appealing, contemporary format.
What makes these digital preservationists particularly effective is their ability to bridge the generational gap. By incorporating
trending music, creative transitions, and relatable commentary, they transform potentially dry historical content into compelling
narratives. This innovative approach has not only helped maintain cultural connections among diaspora communities but has also
fostered cross-cultural understanding and appreciation.
However, this modern approach to cultural preservation isn't without its critics. Some traditionalists argue that simplifying
complex cultural practices for social media consumption risks trivializing their significance. Nevertheless, most experts
acknowledge that these platforms provide an unprecedented opportunity to keep cultural heritage alive and relevant in our digital age.
Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way heritage influencers present cultural content?
A. Virtual reality temple tours
B. Traditional cooking demonstrations
C. Ancient art forms
D. Cultural rituals and ceremonies
Question 24: The word “ambassadors” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. messengers B. representatives C. opponents D. mediators
Question 25: The word “obscurity” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by_________.
A. forgetfulness B. oblivion C. confusion D. darkness
Question 26: The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to_________.
A. Digital preservationists
B. Traditional customs and practices
C. Younger generations
D. Social media platforms
Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Traditional scholars believe that modern social media platforms can enhance the preservation of cultural practices.
B. Social media specialists suggest that complex traditions should be modified to suit contemporary digital formats.
C. Heritage professionals argue that cultural practices need significant changes to remain relevant in modern contexts.
D. Cultural experts express concern that adapting traditions for social platforms may reduce their deeper cultural value.
Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. They focus mainly on entertainment value while documenting traditions, leading to increased viewership but decreased cultural
authenticity.
B. They successfully bridge generational gaps by combining traditional content with modern digital storytelling techniques and
trending elements.
C. They primarily serve diaspora communities by creating content that helps maintain connections to their ancestral cultural practices
exclusively.
D. They collaborate with traditional cultural experts to ensure precise documentation while sacrificing social media engagement and
accessibility.
Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention what are the TWO main characteristics of heritage influencers?
A. Paragraph 4 B. Paragraph 1 C. Paragraph 2 D. Paragraph 3
Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention the creative tools used by heritage influencers to make their content
engaging?
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 4 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 1
Read the following passage about the When AI Decodes Our Heritage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet
to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
[I]In the digital age, artificial intelligence is turning the tables on how we understand and preserve cultural heritage. [II]This
technological advancement allows us to analyze vast amounts of historical data, uncovering patterns and connections that were
previously invisible to human researchers[III]. [IV].
AI tools are particularly effective in decoding ancient languages, preserving endangered cultural practices, and reconstructing
historical sites through digital modeling. Machine learning algorithms help archaeologists piece together fragmented artifacts and
predict the original appearance of damaged monuments. AI-powered language processing systems are also creating comprehensive
digital archives of endangered languages.
However, this technological approach raises questions about authenticity and interpretation. While AI can process data
efficiently, the human element in understanding cultural context remains irreplaceable. The challenge lies in balancing
technological innovation with maintaining authentic cultural heritage.
The future of cultural preservation depends on integrating AI capabilities with human insight. As technology evolves, we must
leverage these tools while preserving the authentic spirit of cultural traditions. This balanced approach will help protect our heritage
for future generations.
Question 31: The phrase “turning the tables” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by_________.
A. bringing about B. taking over C. shaking up D. breaking down
Question 32: Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?
AI systems can now process thousands of cultural artifacts and historical records simultaneously
A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 33: The word “fragmented” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. broken B. scattered C. divided D. whole
Question 34: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of AI in cultural preservation?
A. Decoding ancient languages
B. Authenticating art market valuations
C. Reconstructing historical sites
D. Preserving endangered cultural practices
Question 35: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?
A. Digital modeling and language processing systems are revolutionizing archaeology by enabling researchers to analyze cultural
artifacts and preserve endangered languages.
B. Archaeological research has been transformed by AI's ability to decode ancient languages and reconstruct historical monuments
through advanced digital technologies.
C. AI systems excel at processing historical artifacts and reconstructing ancient sites, while machine learning helps piece together
fragments and predict original monument appearances.
D. Modern AI tools facilitate the simultaneous analysis of cultural artifacts, helping researchers understand historical records and
preserve endangered languages.
Question 36: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A. Although computers can analyze information quickly, human expertise is still essential for interpreting cultural meanings and
nuances.
B. Despite artificial intelligence's speed in handling data, machines cannot fully replace human judgment in evaluating societal
patterns.
C. Even though AI systems process large amounts of information rapidly, they lack the ability to comprehend deeper cultural
significance.
D. While technology excels at computational tasks and data analysis, human insight is crucial for understanding cultural relationships.
Question 37: The word “these” in paragraph 4 refers to_________.
A. Cultural traditions B. AI capabilities C. Future generations D. Human insights
Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. AI systems can only process a limited number of cultural artifacts at a time.
B. AI has eliminated the need for human interpretation in cultural heritage preservation.
C. The use of AI in cultural heritage preservation has been universally rejected by researchers.
D. AI tools can help decode ancient languages and reconstruct historical sites through digital modeling.
Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. AI technology enhances cultural preservation by processing vast data sets, but may compromise the authenticity of traditional
interpretation methods.
B. Machine learning algorithms excel at reconstructing historical artifacts, while human experts are becoming less relevant in cultural
heritage analysis.
C. Digital preservation tools accelerate data processing in cultural studies, yet require human expertise to maintain contextual
understanding.
D. The integration of AI in heritage studies creates a perfect balance between technological efficiency and traditional archaeological
approaches.
Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. AI technology revolutionizes cultural heritage preservation by processing vast data and uncovering hidden patterns, but requires
balancing technological capabilities with human understanding to maintain authenticity.
B. Modern archaeological practices have been transformed by machine learning algorithms that can reconstruct artifacts and predict
monument appearances, while creating digital archives of endangered languages.
C. The preservation of cultural heritage faces significant challenges in the digital age, as traditional methods of documentation are
being replaced by artificial intelligence and automated systems.
D. Digital modeling and language processing systems represent the future of cultural preservation, demonstrating how technology can
effectively replace traditional methods of heritage documentation.

TEST 4
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Your Place in Earth's Perfect Balance
 Silently yet powerfully, nature orchestrates life's endless dance, while gracefully and mysteriously, the seasons paint their eternal
masterpiece. Ancient forest wisdom guides our path, while (1)_________ carve their story and gentle ocean whispers share their
secrets. The resources preserved by Earth sustain all living beings, while the energy captured by plants powers life's grand cycle,
and the balance (2)_________ by ecosystems ensures our future. Our actions bring consequences to the ecosystem, while nature
sends messages (3)_________ humanity, and the wind carries hope to distant lands. When Mother Earth (4)_________ all her
ducks in a row, our ecosystem stands strong, but treat it like a house of cards and we'll be skating on thin ice—that's why going
against (5)_________ is always barking up the wrong tree. (6)_________ in harmony with nature ensures our survival, while
protecting our environment becomes our sacred duty, and learning to coexist remains our greatest challenge.
Question 1:A. streams precious mountain B. mountain streams precious
C. precious mountain streams D. streams mountain precious
Question 2:A. which maintained B. maintaining C. was maintained D. maintained
Question 3:A. for B. to C. at D. with
Question 4:A. gets B. brings C. takes D. hands
Question 5:A. natural B. nature C. naturally D. natureness
Question 6:A. To living B. Live C. Living D. To live
Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of
the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
Your Guide to Earth's Living Connections
Welcome to a world where every creature, plant, and microorganism is connected in ways both visible and invisible!
While some animals prefer solitude, others thrive in complex social networks, creating fascinating communities in the wild.
Trees (7)_________ fungi to branch out their nutrient-sharing networks beneath the forest floor. The biodiversity (8)_________
serve as nature's laboratories of evolution. (9)_________ nature's laws, every species plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystem
balance. The symbiosis between different organisms creates an intricate web of life. A (10)_________ of species depend on each
other in this delicate dance of survival.
In the rainforest canopy, (11)_________ network flourishes as pollinators connect countless flowering plants. The ecosystem
carries on with its complex interactions, where predators check up on prey populations.
From the tiniest (12)_________ to the mightiest redwoods, the interconnectedness of life shapes our planet's future.
Join us in discovering these amazing connections that make Earth a living, breathing superorganism!
Question 7:A. team up with B. branch off with C. break down with D. grow out with
Question 8:A. corridors B. hotspots C. sanctuaries D. reserves
Question 9:A. In spite of B. In view of C. With regard to D. In accordance with
Question 10:A. variety B. handful C. multitude D. bunch
Question 11:A. the others B. other C. another D. others
Question 12:A. insects B. seedlings C. bacteria D. microorganisms
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a
meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
Question 13:
a. Maya: No, please feel free to sit. I'm just finishing my coffee.
b. Alex: Excuse me, is this seat taken?
c. Alex: Thanks! That's an interesting coffee mug you have there.
A. a-c-b B. c-b-a D. a-b-c D. b-a-c
Question 14:
a. Mrs. Reed: I meant musical scales...
b. Mrs. Reed: Yes, welcome! Before we start, do you have any experience with scales?
c. Tom: Oh yes, I used to have a pet lizard!
d. Tom: Hi, I'm here for my first piano lesson. Are you Mrs. Reed?
e. Tom: Oh! No, not really.
A. d-b-c-a-e B. a-b-c-d-e C. d-c-e-b-a D. c-e-b-a-d
Question 15:
Dear Professor Chen,
a. Just last week, our team discovered an extraordinary network of mycorrhizal fungi connecting over twenty different tree species
across our study site. It's remarkable how these invisible threads facilitate nutrient exchange and communication between plants
that appear isolated above ground.
b. The way these microorganisms maintain the delicate balance of our ecosystem reminds me of your favorite saying: "Nature's
smallest engineers build the strongest foundations."
c. I would be honored if you could review our preliminary findings. Your expertise in microbial ecology would be invaluable as we
prepare our paper for publication.
d. I hope this letter finds you well. I'm writing to share some fascinating discoveries from my research on soil microbiomes here in
the Amazon rainforest. Your lectures on ecosystem interconnectedness have taken on new meaning as I observe the intricate
ways these microscopic life forms weave through our forest systems.
e. The implications for ecosystem conservation are more significant than we initially anticipated.
Best regards,
LK
A. a-b-c-d-e B. d-a-b-c-e C. b-a-d-c-e D. c-d-e-a-b
Question 16:
a. However, habitat loss, pollution, and climate change threaten this natural harmony. As species disappear, the symphony loses
vital instruments, weakening ecosystem stability.
b. In nature's grand symphony, biodiversity conducts an intricate dance of life, where each species plays a vital role in maintaining
ecological harmony. Like musicians in an orchestra, plants, animals, and microorganisms work in perfect coordination.
c. We must act as stewards of this biological orchestra, protecting and preserving biodiversity. Our survival depends on
maintaining nature's carefully composed symphony of life.
d. This delicate balance enables essential processes like pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient cycling to flourish. When species
interact, they create resilient ecosystems that can better withstand environmental challenges.
e. Healthy biodiversity provides crucial services - from clean water and air to food security and medicine. These interconnected
systems support all life on Earth, including humans.
A. d-e-b-a-c B. e-d-a-b-c C. b-d-e-a-c D. a-b-e-d-c
Question 17:
a. Within the earth, ancient seed banks lie dormant, waiting for optimal conditions. Tree rings and sediment layers chronicle
historical climate patterns and environmental changes.
b. This biological memory enables ecosystems to respond to environmental changes, drawing upon stored knowledge to maintain
resilience through challenging times.
c. Ecosystems function as living time capsules, storing centuries of environmental information in their soil, seeds, and species.
Each element preserves crucial data about past conditions and adaptations.
d. Understanding these natural archives is crucial as we face climate change. Nature's time capsule holds valuable lessons for
survival and adaptation.
e. Species carry genetic memories of past challenges, their DNA evolving through generations. These adaptations reflect successful
survival strategies refined over millennia.
A. c-a-e-b-d B. c-d-e-a-b C. c-e-b-a-d D. c-b-a-d-e
Read the following passage about The Intricate Harmony of Natural Systems and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.
In the grand tapestry of nature, countless systems work in perfect synchronization, creating a masterpiece of biological harmony.
The delicate dance of pollination, (18)_________, demonstrates nature's brilliant efficiency in maintaining plant populations. The
Amazon rainforest, which serves as Earth's vital respiratory system, continuously cycles carbon dioxide into oxygen through its dense
canopy of vegetation. Had this crucial ecosystem been destroyed, (19)_________. Microscopic fungi in the soil decompose organic
matter and release essential nutrients, and these nutrients are then absorbed by plant roots through complex chemical processes. Coral
reefs, known as the rainforests of the sea, (20)_________. The great whales, diving deep into oceanic depths and returning to surface
waters, help circulate vital nutrients throughout marine ecosystems, creating blooms of phytoplankton that sustain countless marine
species. Rivers carve through landscapes, carrying sediments and minerals downstream, and these materials eventually enrich coastal
ecosystems. Migratory birds, following ancient pathways across continents, connect distant ecosystems through their seasonal
journeys. (21)_________, ensuring no single species dominates an ecosystem. From the smallest soil bacteria to the largest land
mammals, each organism plays its unique role in this grand orchestra of life. (22)_________, while the changing seasons orchestrate
nature's annual patterns.
Question 18:
A. where bees methodically gather nectar while inadvertently spreading pollen
B. bees have methodically gathered nectar while inadvertently spreading pollen
C. which bees methodically gather nectar while inadvertently spreading pollen
D. bees will methodically gather nectar while inadvertently spreading pollen
Question 19:
A. which the global climate would have been severely disrupted, leading to catastrophic consequences
B. the global climate would have been severely disrupted, leading to catastrophic consequences
C. that the global climate would have been severely disrupted, leading to catastrophic consequences
D. having disrupting the global climate severely, leading to catastrophic consequences
Question 20:
A. providing essential shelter and sustenance for countless marine species
B. provide essential shelter and sustenance for countless marine species
C. having provided essential shelter and sustenance for countless marine species
D. provided essential shelter and sustenance for countless marine species
Question 21:
A. The dangerous web of predator-prey conflicts destroys forest resources
B. The complex chain of animal migrations controls weather patterns
C. The natural flow of river systems shapes predator behavior
D. The intricate web of predator-prey relationships maintains population balance
Question 22:
A. The remarkable synchronization of ocean currents determines planetary rotation
B. The remarkable synchronization of volcanic activity controls plant growth
C. The remarkable synchronization of day and night cycles influences countless biological rhythms
D. The remarkable synchronization of wind patterns shapes continental drift
Read the following passage about How Small Changes Transform Entire Ecosystems and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
In nature's intricate web, even the smallest changes can trigger far-reaching consequences throughout entire ecosystems.
Trophic cascades demonstrate the vital interconnectedness of all species within their habitats. When one component changes, it
creates a ripple effect that transforms the biological community, affecting everything from insects to the largest predators.
Understanding these relationships has become crucial as human activities impact natural systems.
A classic example can be observed in Yellowstone National Park, where the reintroduction of wolves in 1995 transformed the
landscape. The presence of these apex predators caused elk populations to diminish as they began avoiding areas where they were
vulnerable to predation. This behavioral change allowed previously overgrazed vegetation, particularly willow and aspen trees, to
regenerate. The restored plant life created new habitats for numerous species, from birds to beavers, whose dam-building activities
altered stream dynamics and enhanced aquatic ecosystems.
The ripple effect extends beyond direct predator-prey relationships, influencing various aspects of ecosystem function. When
keystone species are removed or introduced, they trigger a cascade of changes that affect soil composition, water quality, and climate
regulation. These transformations demonstrate how ecosystems maintain their balance through complex feedback loops and
interconnected relationships.
Conservation efforts must therefore consider the broader implications of environmental changes. By protecting individual
species and their habitats, we safeguard entire ecosystems and the essential services they provide. The preservation of these
delicate ecological relationships ensures the resilience of natural systems that sustains all life on Earth.
Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Climate regulation
B. Water quality
C. Disease transmission
D. Soil composition
Question 24: The word “far-reaching” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. extensive B. widespread C. comprehensive D. limited
Question 25: The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to_________.
A. elk B. wolves C. predators D. trees
Question 26: The word “keystone” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________.
A. essential B. common C. regular D. ordinary
Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Through conservation of rare species in protected areas, we maintain the balance of nature and its valuable resources.
B. When we preserve specific organisms in their environment, we ensure the survival of biological communities and their benefits.
C. By saving endangered animals from extinction, we protect the food web and preserve natural resource availability.
D. If we focus on ecosystem management alone, we can protect both individual species and environmental functions.
Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Trophic cascades only affect relationships between predators and prey, without impacting plant communities.
B. Human activities have completely disrupted all natural ecosystems, making restoration efforts largely ineffective.
C. The removal of keystone species always results in permanent damage that cannot be reversed through conservation.
D. The reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone led to changes in stream dynamics through a cascade of ecological effects.
Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention small changes can have widespread effects on ecosystems?
A. Paragraph 3 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 1 D. Paragraph 4
Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention what happens when keystone species are removed or introduced?
A. Paragraph 3 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 1 D. Paragraph 4
Read the following passage about the Ecosystem Resilience in a Changing World and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
In an era of unprecedented environmental change, ecosystems worldwide face mounting pressures that test their resilience—their
capacity to absorb disturbances while maintaining essential functions. Climate change, habitat fragmentation, pollution, and
biodiversity loss create complex challenges that could prove to be the straw that breaks the camel's back for many ecosystems,
pushing them toward their breaking points. Understanding whether these critical moments represent irreversible damage or
opportunities for adaptation has become crucial for environmental scientists and policymakers alike.
[I]Recent studies reveal alarming statistics about ecosystem degradation. [II]The Amazon rainforest, for instance, has lost 17%
of its forest cover in the past 50 years, while coral reefs have declined by 50% since the 1950s. [III]These changes can trigger cascade
effects throughout food webs and biogeochemical cycles, potentially leading to system collapse. [IV] For example, the successful
reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park in 1995 demonstrated how a single change could restore balance to an entire
ecosystem.
Remarkably, many ecosystems exhibit unexpected resilience when protective measures are implemented. The recovery of the
ozone layer following the Montreal Protocol's implementation serves as a powerful example of nature's regenerative capacity.
Similarly, marine protected areas have shown that fish populations can rebound significantly within just a few years of protection.
These success stories highlight how apparent breaking points can transform into turning points when human societies take decisive
action to support natural recovery processes.
As we stand at this critical juncture, emerging technologies and innovative conservation approaches offer unprecedented
opportunities to support ecosystem resilience. From artificial intelligence-powered monitoring systems to revolutionary restoration
techniques, we now possess tools that our predecessors could only dream of. The key lies in combining these technological advances
with traditional ecological knowledge and community-based conservation efforts. By fostering a global network of environmental
stewardship and embracing both high-tech and nature-based solutions, we can transform potential ecological breaking points into
powerful catalysts for positive change, ensuring the vitality of Earth's ecosystems for generations to come.
Question 31: The phrase “the straw that breaks the camel's back” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by_________.
A. wear away B. push over the edge C. break up D. fall apart
Question 32: The word “their” in paragraph 1 refers to_________.
A. challenges B. pressures C. functions D. ecosystems
Question 33: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a threat to ecosystems?
A. invasive species B. climate change C. habitat fragmentation D. pollution
Question 34: Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?
However, research also shows that some ecosystems display remarkable adaptability when given the chance to recover.
A. [I] B. [II]] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 35: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A. Scientific studies of ecosystem recovery patterns reveal complex relationships between human intervention and environmental
rehabilitation processes.
B. Global conservation efforts have produced mixed results in different ecosystems, suggesting varied responses to environmental
protection strategies.
C. Protective environmental measures enable ecosystems to recover naturally, demonstrating their inherent ability to regenerate when
properly supported.
D. Modern environmental policies focus on preventing ecosystem damage rather than supporting the natural recovery of damaged
environments.
Question 36: The word “regenerative” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. protective B. destructive C. supportive D. adaptive
Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Modern technological advances and new conservation strategies create unique possibilities for strengthening environmental
systems at this crucial time.
B. Recent developments in environmental science suggest that technological solutions may eventually replace traditional conservation
methods entirely.
C. Scientific research indicates that ecosystem recovery depends primarily on implementing advanced technological monitoring
systems worldwide.
D. Conservation efforts have evolved significantly over time, leading to better understanding of how technology impacts natural
environments.
Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park in 1995 helped restore ecological balance to the ecosystem.
B. The implementation of protective measures has completely reversed all environmental damage in marine protected areas.
C. Traditional ecological knowledge has proven more effective than modern technology in ecosystem conservation efforts.
D. The Montreal Protocol eliminated all threats to the ozone layer and fully restored it to its original condition.
Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Traditional ecological practices are more effective than modern technological solutions in addressing environmental challenges.
B. The complete restoration of damaged ecosystems is possible within a decade if proper conservation policies are implemented.
C. Environmental systems generally possess the ability to recover when provided with appropriate protection and intervention
measures.
D. Future technological advances will eventually solve all current environmental problems without requiring human intervention.
Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. Modern technological solutions and scientific advances have completely revolutionized our ability to prevent and reverse all forms
of environmental damage.
B. While ecosystems face severe environmental challenges, they demonstrate remarkable recovery potential when supported by
human intervention and protection measures.
C. Environmental degradation continues at an alarming rate worldwide, suggesting that ecosystem collapse is inevitable despite
conservation efforts.
D. Traditional ecological knowledge combined with community-based approaches represents the only viable solution to current
environmental challenges.

TEST 5
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Nature's Masterpiece Unveiled
The morning mists rainbow the valley, painting it in (1)_________ hues. The evening silence stars the sky, creating a celestial
dance. Ancient mountain wisdom guides us through the wilderness. (2)_________ lead our wandering souls. The path leading to
the ancient grove reveals nature's secrets. The birds (3)_________ in the trees bring morning's first light. Nature sends its
blessings to mankind. The forest whispers its secrets (4)_________ wanderers. The forest stands in (5)_________ bloom, a
testament to life's renewal. The connection with nature becomes second nature to those who embrace it. To breathe in nature's
essence is to find yourself. (6)_________ through ancient groves and listening to bird songs restore our primal connection.
Question 1:A. ethereality B. ethereally C. ethereal D. etherealness
Question 2:A. Forest whispers gentle B. Whispers gentle forest
C. Gentle whispers forest D. Gentle forest whispers
Question 3:A. singing B. which sung C. was sung D. sung
Question 4:A. for B. to C. about D. with
Question 5:A. full B. bare C. slow D. pale
Question 6:A. To walk B. To walking C. Walk D. Walking
Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of
the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
Your Journey Through Earth's Ecosystems
Our planet is home to countless wonders. While some animals make their homes in dense forests, others adapt to life in harsh
deserts, and still (7)_________ thrive in the depths of our oceans. Scientists are working hard to (8)_________ how climate
change affects our ecosystems, while environmentalists strive to stand up for endangered species. The biodiversity and
sustainability of our natural world deserve our utmost protection. (9)_________ international conservation laws, we must take
immediate action to preserve our planet's future. The ecosystem's resilience and (10)_________ remind us that every species
plays a vital role. (11)_________ of marine species depend on healthy oceans, while scores of terrestrial animals rely on
(12)_________ forests. Together, we can make a difference. Join us in our mission to protect Earth's precious ecosystems for
future generations.
Question 7:A. another B. other C. the others D. others
Question 8:A. look into B. work on C. figure out D. carry out
Question 9:A. By means of B. On top of C. In accordance with D. as opposed to
Question 10:A. interdependence B. diversity C. complexity D. sustainability
Question 11: A. Plenty B. Several C. Most D. Many
Question 12:A. pristine B. flourishing C. ancient D. dense
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a
meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
Question 13:
a. Grandson: Um... what?
b. Grandma: Oh, sweetie, you're still using cables? That's so 2010! I've already set up a wireless printing network. Just send it to
my cloud server, and I'll authorize it from my smartphone.
c. Grandson: Grandma, can you help me print this document? I can't figure out how to connect to the printer.
A. c-b-a B. a-b-c C. b-a-c D. b-c-a
Question 14:
a. Smartphone: Oh, come on! Don't be such a paperweight. I've got games, movies, social media... I can even display your contents
digitally!
b. Smartphone: Breaking news notification! You won't believe what just happened!
c. Book: Hmph! There's nothing like the smell of real paper and the feeling of turning actual pages. Besides, I never run out of
battery.
d. Book: Ah, finally some peace and quiet! The human has gone to sleep.
e. Book: Please, I'm trying to keep my pages still. Some of us actually value peace and quiet.
A. a-b-c-d-e B. d-b-e-a-c C. e-b-a-d-c D. d-c-b-a-e
Question 15:
Dear Earth's Inhabitants,
a. But this delicate harmony needs your care. When even one instrument falls silent—be it a vanishing species or a lost habitat—
our entire symphony suffers.
b. I am the conductor of Earth's grand symphony, where every creature plays its perfect part. The morning begins with raindrops
providing percussion, while birds offer their sweet melodies.
c. You, dear humans, are also vital musicians in this performance. Will you help keep our eternal concert playing?
d. In our natural concert hall, buzzing bees perform alongside the wind's gentle whispers through ancient trees.
e. With hope for harmony,
LK
A. c-b-d-a-e B. d-a-e-c-b C. a-b-c-d-e D. b-d-a-c-e
Question 16:
a. Birds contribute their soprano calls while insects provide the percussion, their rhythmic buzzing keeping time with the pulse of
the earth. Beneath the surface, roots and fungi form an intricate network, like strings resonating in perfect harmony.
b. Each creature plays its unique part in this magnificent performance, from the smallest microbe to the mightiest whale. Their
combined voices create a masterpiece of biological music that has echoed through the ages.
c. In nature's grand concert hall, an eternal symphony unfolds, conducted by the invisible hand of life itself. The wind whistles
through ancient trees, creating a melodious backdrop for nature's orchestra to perform its timeless piece.
d. This natural symphony reminds us of our place in the grand orchestra of existence, where every living being contributes to the
endless song of life on Earth.
e. The seasons mark movement changes in this endless composition, from spring's gentle awakening to winter's solemn finale.
Rivers add their flowing notes, while ocean waves crash in a thunderous bass.
A. c-a-e-b-d B. a-b-c-e-d C. b-a-e-c-d D. e-c-b-a-d
Question 17:
a. From the visible partnerships between flowering plants and their pollinators to the complex social networks of ant colonies,
nature's interconnections manifest in countless forms. In the canopy of rainforests, lianas and vines create living bridges between
trees, enabling countless species to thrive.
b. This magnificent web of life reminds us that no creature exists in isolation, and every species contributes to Earth's biological
symphony. Understanding these connections is crucial for preserving our planet's delicate balance.
c. Beneath the surface of our planet lies an intricate web of life, where countless species are bound together in an endless dance of
mutual dependence. Like threads in a cosmic tapestry, these connections weave through every ecosystem on Earth.
d. Hidden from naked eyes, microscopic fungi form vast underground networks, linking trees in what scientists call the "Wood
Wide Web." Through these living pathways, plants share nutrients and information, supporting their forest communities.
e. Each species in this living network plays a crucial role, from the smallest soil bacteria to the largest whales in our oceans. These
relationships have evolved over millions of years, creating perfectly balanced ecosystems.
A. c-d-e-a-b B. c-b-e-a-d C. c-a-d-e-b D. c-e-b-d-a
Read the following passage about Exploring the Hidden Connections in Earth's Ecosystems and mark the letter A, B, C or D
on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.
Earth's ecosystems represent an intricate web of life, (18)_________ that continue to amaze scientists. Deep beneath the forest
floor, vast networks of fungi, which serve as nature's internet, connect trees in an underground communication system that facilitates
nutrient sharing and warning signals. These microscopic connections highlight nature's remarkable capacity for cooperation and
mutual support.
If this delicate balance were to be disrupted, (19)_________, affecting species at every level of the food chain. The ocean
currents transport essential nutrients across vast distances, and these life-sustaining elements support diverse marine communities
from polar regions to tropical waters. In the rainforest canopy, (20)_________, contributing to forest regeneration and biodiversity
maintenance.
Scientists have discovered that even the smallest organisms play crucial roles in maintaining ecosystem health. (21)_________,
while pollinating insects ensure the reproduction of countless plant species. Moving through their territories and marking specific
locations, (22)_________. The complex dance between predator and prey, plant and pollinator, and decomposer and nutrient cycling
creates a symphony of life that extends far beyond visible boundaries. These interconnected relationships demonstrate how local
ecosystem dynamics contribute to broader global patterns, creating a planetary web of life that transcends geographical and biological
boundaries.
Question 18:
A. countless species and natural processes were binding together in ways
B. countless species and natural processes bound together in ways
C. where countless species and natural processes are bound together in ways
D. which countless species and natural processes are bound together in ways
Question 19:
A. having cascade throughout the entire ecosystem
B. that the consequences would cascade throughout the entire ecosystem
C. which the consequences would cascade throughout the entire ecosystem
D. the consequences would cascade throughout the entire ecosystem
Question 20:
A. primates climb through the oceans and collect seeds from deep waters
B. branches swing through the primates and throw seeds into space
C. primates float through the clouds and plant seeds in the atmosphere
D. primates swing through the branches and disperse seeds across wide areas
Question 21:
A. Soil bacteria absorb vital nutrients and create organic matter
B. Soil bacteria break down organic matter and release vital nutrients
C. Organic matter breaks down soil bacteria and stores nutrients
D. Soil bacteria freeze organic matter and block vital nutrients
Question 22:
A. large predators help regulate prey populations and maintain ecosystem balance
B. regulating prey populations and maintaining ecosystem balance
C. having regulated prey populations and having maintained ecosystem balance
D. regulated prey populations and maintained ecosystem balance
Read the following passage about Decoding the Architecture of Sustainable Ecosystems and mark the letter A, B, C or D on
your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
Natural ecosystems represent intricate networks of life, where every organism plays a vital role in maintaining ecological
balance. These resilient systems have evolved over millions of years, developing sophisticated mechanisms for resource cycling and
energy flow. From the smallest microorganisms to the largest predators, each species contributes to the harmonious functioning of
their habitat through complex relationships and interactions that ensure the ecosystem's stability and continuity.
In these self-sustaining environments, adaptation is key to survival. Plants and animals have developed remarkable strategies to
thrive in their specific niches, from symbiotic relationships to specialized physical features. These adaptations not only enable
individual species to flourish but also contribute to the broader ecosystem's resilience. The intricate web of life demonstrates nature's
ingenious solutions to environmental challenges, showcasing the remarkable capacity of species to evolve and adapt to changing
conditions.
Human activities have significantly impacted these delicate systems, disrupting the natural balance that has existed for
millennia. Despite their resilience, many ecosystems struggle to cope with unprecedented changes in climate patterns, habitat
destruction, and pollution. Conservation efforts have become crucial in preserving these natural blueprints, as they hold valuable
lessons for sustainable development and environmental stewardship.
Scientists continue to uncover the sophisticated mechanisms that enable ecosystems to maintain their stability. By
studying these natural systems, researchers have identified key principles that could inspire sustainable solutions for human
challenges. These insights reveal that the preservation of biodiversity, the maintenance of natural cycles, and the protection of habitat
connectivity are essential for ensuring the long-term survival of Earth's ecosystems and, ultimately, our own species.
Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor affecting ecosystem stability?
A. Population density
B. Habitat connectivity
C. Natural cycles
D. Resource cycling
Question 24: The word “evolved” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. stagnated B. adapted C. developed D. progressed
Question 25: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to_________.
A. self-sustaining environments
B. plants and animals
C. survival strategies
D. ecosystems
Question 26: The word “millennia” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________.
A. centuries B. generations C. ages D. thousands of years
Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Studies reveal intricate patterns that allow natural systems to maintain equilibrium.
B. Experts examine detailed functions showing how nature preserves its steady state.
C. Researchers are still discovering complex processes that help ecosystems stay balanced.
D. Science explores advanced methods through which environments achieve lasting stability.
Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Natural ecosystems can fully recover from any environmental damage within few decades.
B. Scientists have discovered all mechanisms that maintain stability in natural systems.
C. Human activities have caused significant disruption to Earth's delicate ecological systems.
D. Conservation efforts alone guarantee the long-term survival of endangered species today.
Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention the main purpose of species adaptation?
A. Paragraph 4 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 1 D. Paragraph 2
Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention the human impact on ecosystems?
A. Paragraph 3 B. Paragraph 1 C. Paragraph 2 D. Paragraph 4
Read the following passage about the The Evolution and Adaptation of Modern Ecosystems and mark the letter A, B, C or D
on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
In nature's grand design, two heads are indeed better than one—modern ecosystems represent remarkable examples of this
wisdom, showcasing how life forms have evolved to thrive through intricate cooperation and mutual adaptation. These complex
networks of organisms and their surroundings demonstrate an extraordinary capacity for resilience, having survived countless
challenges throughout Earth's history. From the smallest microorganisms to the largest predators, each species plays a vital role in
maintaining the delicate balance that characterizes healthy ecosystems.
[I]The driving forces behind ecosystem adaptation are both natural and anthropogenic. Climate fluctuations, geological events,
and natural selection have traditionally shaped these systems over millions of years. [II] [III]This unprecedented rate of
transformation has led to remarkable examples of species developing new behaviors, physical characteristics, and survival strategies.
[IV]
Today's ecosystems face numerous challenges, including habitat fragmentation, pollution, and climate change. Yet, they
continue to demonstrate remarkable resilience through various adaptation mechanisms. Some species have adjusted their migration
patterns, while others have modified their breeding cycles or developed new feeding strategies. Urban wildlife, for instance, has
adapted to human-dominated landscapes, with some species even thriving in these novel environments.
Revolutionary findings in modern ecosystems reveal surprising developments that challenge our traditional
understanding of adaptation. Scientists have discovered unexpected symbiotic relationships forming between previously
unconnected species, creating novel ecological networks. Some organisms are developing remarkable abilities to break down
pollutants, effectively becoming nature's cleanup crew. Perhaps most intriguingly, certain species are showing signs of accelerated
evolution, adapting to environmental changes at rates previously thought impossible. These discoveries, combined with emerging
conservation technologies and innovative restoration approaches, suggest that life's capacity for adaptation may be even more
extraordinary than we imagined, offering hope for ecosystem resilience in an ever-changing world.
Question 31: The phrase “two heads are indeed better than one” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by_________.
A. team up B. link up C. join forces D. work together
Question 32: Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?
However, in recent decades, human activities have accelerated the pace of change, forcing ecosystems to adapt more rapidly
than ever before.
A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 33: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor affecting modern ecosystems?
A. Disease outbreaks B. Habitat fragmentation C. Climate fluctuations D. Pollution
Question 34: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A. Modern ecosystems encounter various environmental threats and habitat changes, yet species continue evolving new traits to
overcome these obstacles.
B. Environmental changes force species to modify their behaviors, while ecosystems gradually lose their ability to adapt to new
conditions.
C. Species are rapidly changing their traditional patterns and developing new survival methods without facing any significant
environmental pressures.
D. Despite facing multiple environmental challenges, ecosystems demonstrate remarkable resilience by developing various successful
adaptation strategies.
Question 35: The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to_________.
A. migration patterns B. others (species) C. adaptation mechanisms D. challenges
Question 36: The word “novel” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. traditional B. artificial C. dangerous D. complex
Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Modern research into ecological systems suggests that our current knowledge about environmental adaptation requires significant
updates.
B. New discoveries about species behavior in various ecosystems demonstrate how organisms continuously adapt to environmental
changes.
C. Recent scientific observations of ecosystem changes have produced unexpected results that contradict previous theories about
species adaptation.
D. Scientists studying contemporary ecosystems have documented unusual patterns that align with traditional views of adaptation
processes.
Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Natural selection has become less significant in shaping modern ecosystems as human influences take precedence.
B. Human activities have forced ecosystems to adapt more quickly than at any previous time in Earth's history.
C. Urban environments provide better opportunities for species adaptation than traditional natural habitats.
D. Most species have successfully developed new strategies to eliminate the effects of environmental pollution.
Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Natural selection will eventually enable all species to develop resistance against environmental pollutants.
B. With proper conservation efforts and technological support, ecosystems will likely maintain their adaptive capabilities.
C. Urban environments will become the primary habitat for most wildlife species in the coming decades.
D. Traditional ecological theories have become completely obsolete due to recent scientific discoveries.
Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. Conservation technologies and restoration approaches offer promising solutions to combat the negative effects of environmental
degradation.
B. Urban environments present unique challenges to wildlife, yet many species have successfully modified their behavior to thrive in
these conditions.
C. Scientific research reveals that human activities have fundamentally altered ecosystems, forcing species to develop entirely new
survival mechanisms.
D. Modern ecosystems demonstrate remarkable adaptation abilities through cooperation, despite facing unprecedented environmental
challenges and human-driven changes.
TEST 6
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Discover Your Living Legacy
In this grand tapestry of existence, watch as your stories legacy their way through the corridors of time, transforming hearts and
minds with each passing moment!
(1)_________ illuminate the sacred paths where past and future converge in harmonious dance. The memories (2)_________ in
digital amber shine like beacons, guiding generations yet unborn toward their destiny. Present your precious life chapters
(3)_________ tomorrow's visionaries, inspiring them to reach beyond the stars. Life is not about waiting for the storm to pass
but learning to dance in the rain of (4)_________ possibilities. Creating timeless narratives empowers us to transcend the
boundaries of mortality, (5)_________ our essence into the very fabric of existence itself.
Let your legacy echo through the ages, for in the grand (6)_________ of life, every soul contributes its unique melody to the
eternal song of humanity.
Question 1:A. Wisdom eternal keepers B. Keepers wisdom eternal
C. Eternal wisdom keepers D. Wisdom keepers eternal
Question 2:A. was etched B. etching C. which etched D. etched
Question 3:A. to B. in C. for D. at
Question 4:A. limited B. endless C. new D. uncertain
Question 5:A. weave B. to weaving C. to weave D. weaving
Question 6:A. symphony B. symphonic C. symphoness D. symphonyly
Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of
the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
Discover Your Role in Earth's Balance
While some species thrive in the forest, (7)_________ make their home in wetlands, creating Earth's beautiful biodiversity. Each
creature plays a unique part in nature's grand design, from the smallest insect to the largest mammal. Nature's delicate balance
depends on how we (8)_________ to protect our environment. Every small action counts—from reducing plastic use to planting
trees, we can all contribute to a healthier planet. The ecosystem's resilience shows nature's remarkable (9)_________ to heal
itself, but it needs time and protection to recover from environmental damage. This natural strength is both inspiring and fragile.
(10)_________ nature's laws, every living being plays a vital role in maintaining harmony. From (11)_________ to predation,
these intricate relationships keep our world in perfect balance. The biodiversity of our planet serves as the foundation of all life,
supporting countless species and ensuring ecological stability for future generations. Without it, our very survival would be at
risk. (12)_________ of Earth's resources depend on our responsible stewardship, and the time to act is now.
Join us in protecting our precious planet—every action matters, every person counts, and together we can make a difference.
Take action today—our planet's future depends on it!
Question 7:A. others B. another C. the others D. other
Question 8:A. give in B. pitch in C. hold out D. step up
Question 9:A. ability B. tendency C. capacity D. power
Question 10:A. According to B. In accordance with C. On account of D. By virtue of
Question 11:A. symbiosis B. competition C. pollination D. migration
Question 12:A. Many B. Most C. Some D. Plenty
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a
meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
Question 13:
a. Sarah: Walking? But isn't that like... an hour each way?
b. Sarah: Hey Tom! Haven't seen you in ages. Still, taking the 7 AM bus?
c. Tom: Actually, I've been walking to work lately. Started last month when my phone died one morning.
A. c-b-a B. c-a-b C. a-b-c D. b-c-a
Question 14:
a. Rose: Sometimes it's not about following rules. These little ones, they tell you what they need. See these yellow leaves? They're
saying, "too much water." Just like people - you have to learn to listen.
b. Emma: Grandma, these tomato plants you gave me last month... I think I killed them.
c. Emma: I wish everything came as naturally to me as gardening does to you.
d. Emma: But I followed all your instructions! Water them daily, and keep them in sunlight...
e. Rose: Oh sweetie, they're not dead. Just need some attention. Like most things in life.
A. a-b-c-d-e B. b-e-d-a-c C. e-a-b-d-c D. b-a-d-c-e
Question 15:
Dear Sarah,
a. Your observation about the unique mix of species at the boundary – with both woodland and grassland species coexisting in that
narrow strip – is particularly fascinating. It reminds me of my early research in the Amazon, where we found similar patterns at
forest fragment edges, though at a much different scale.
b. Your description of the increased bird diversity in these transition zones perfectly illustrates what we discussed during your
graduate studies about the "edge effect" phenomenon.
c. I'm especially intrigued by your note about the butterfly species that seem to thrive exclusively in these edge zones. This could
be a valuable contribution to our understanding of how habitat boundaries can create their own distinct ecological niches.
Perhaps we could collaborate on a paper about this?
d. I hope this letter finds you well. I was thrilled to receive your latest field notes about the edge effects you're observing at the
forest-grassland boundary in Colorado.
e. Keep up the excellent work, and please keep me updated on your findings. These transition zones truly are nature's laboratories
for studying species interactions and adaptation.
Best regards,
LK
A. d-b-a-c-e B. a-b-c-d-e C. b-a-d-c-e D. c-d-e-a-b
Question 16:
a. When one ecosystem faces disruption, the effects ripple outward, impacting interconnected systems thousands of miles away
through complex chain reactions.
b. Earth's ecosystems form an intricate web of connections that transcend political boundaries, linked through complex networks of
air, water, and living organisms.
c. Understanding these global connections is crucial for effective conservation efforts, reminding us that protecting nature requires
international cooperation and shared responsibility.
d. Migratory species like birds, butterflies, and whales connect diverse habitats as they traverse vast distances, transferring energy
and maintaining ecological balance across regions.
e. Rivers carry nutrients across continents while atmospheric currents transport essential elements globally, creating vital pathways
between seemingly distant environments.
A. d-a-b-e-c B. e-d-a-b-c C. b-e-d-a-c D. a-d-e-b-c
Question 17:
a. Nature operates like an intricate puzzle where every species plays a vital role, from the smallest microorganisms to the largest
predators, creating a delicate balance in ecosystems worldwide.
b. Underground networks of fungi connect different plant species, sharing nutrients and information, proving that cooperation is as
important as competition in nature.
c. This complex web of relationships reminds us that protecting even one species is crucial, as its loss could trigger unforeseen
consequences throughout the entire ecosystem.
d. Predators and prey engage in an eternal dance, controlling population sizes and maintaining ecological balance, while
decomposers complete the cycle by breaking down organic matter.
e. In forests, trees provide shelter and food for countless creatures while depending on insects and birds for pollination,
demonstrating nature's remarkable give-and-take relationships.
A. a-b-e-c-d B. a-d-c-e-b C. a-e-d-b-c D. a-b-e-d-c
Read the following passage about Understanding Nature's Complex Web of Life and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.
Nature's intricate web of life represents one of the most fascinating phenomena on Earth, (18)_________. In this delicate dance
of survival, each organism plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems worldwide. The fragile relationships between
predators and prey, which have evolved over millions of years, help regulate population sizes and preserve ecological stability. Should
this delicate balance be disrupted, entire ecosystems would collapse, leading to catastrophic consequences for all life forms involved.
Many species (19)_________. The remarkable diversity of species on our planet has been shaped by countless adaptations to different
environmental challenges; moreover, (20)_________. Scientists have discovered that even the smallest organisms can have far-
reaching impacts on their ecosystems, and these impacts often cascade through multiple levels of the food web. The complex
interactions between plants and their pollinators, (21)_________, demonstrate nature's remarkable ability to forge mutually beneficial
relationships. Environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall, and soil composition play crucial roles in shaping these ecological
relationships. From the smallest microorganisms in the soil to the largest predators roaming vast territories, (22)_________. These
delicate ecological connections remind us of our responsibility to protect and preserve the natural world for future generations.
Question 18:
A. countless species have been interconnected through complex relationships and dependencies
B. where countless species are interconnected through complex relationships and dependencies
C. countless species were interconnected through complex relationships and dependencies
D. which countless species are interconnected through complex relationships and dependencies
Question 19:
A. inhabiting these diverse ecosystems face unprecedented challenges in adapting to environmental changes
B. having inhabited these diverse ecosystems face unprecedented challenges in adapting to environmental changes
C. which are inhabiting these diverse ecosystems face unprecedented challenges in adapting to environmental changes
D. inhabited these diverse ecosystems face unprecedented challenges in adapting to environmental changes
Question 20:
A. ecosystem health serves as a crucial indicator of this biodiversity
B. this ecosystem indicates the crucial services of biodiversity health
C. this biodiversity serves as a crucial indicator of ecosystem health
D. the crucial health indicates biodiversity services in this ecosystem
Question 21:
A. which has developed through centuries of coevolution
B. that developed through centuries of coevolution
C. having been develop through centuries of coevolution
D. having developed through centuries of coevolution
Question 22:
A. the intricate tapestry contributes to each species life
B. each tapestry lives through the species intricate contributions
C. the life tapestry makes each species more intricate
D. each species contributes to the intricate tapestry of life
Read the following passage about Critical Species in Ecosystem Stability and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
In nature's intricate web of life, certain species serve as critical pillars maintaining the delicate balance of entire ecosystems.
These "keystone species," though sometimes seemingly insignificant in size or number, wield disproportionate influence over their
environment's stability and biodiversity. From apex predators to humble pollinators, these ecological guardians shape and sustain the
complex interactions that keep natural systems functioning properly.
Consider the remarkable impact of sea otters along the Pacific Coast. These charismatic mammals control sea urchin populations
through their voracious appetite for these spiny creatures. Without sea otter predation, urchins would proliferate uncontrollably,
decimating kelp forests that provide essential habitat for countless marine species. This exemplifies how a single species can generate
cascading positive effects throughout an ecosystem, fostering biodiversity and resilience.
The consequences of losing keystone species can be devastating, as demonstrated by the historical elimination of wolves from
Yellowstone National Park. Their absence led to unchecked elk populations that overgrazed vegetation, causing widespread habitat
degradation. The subsequent reintroduction of wolves in 1995 triggered a remarkable ecological recovery, restoring balance to plant
communities and benefiting species from beavers to songbirds. This transformation highlights the profound ripple effects that
keystone species exert on their ecosystems.
Protecting these ecological cornerstones is paramount for maintaining healthy, functioning ecosystems worldwide. As
climate change and habitat loss threaten many keystone species, conservation efforts must prioritize their preservation. Understanding
and safeguarding these crucial species represents an investment in the resilience and sustainability of Earth's diverse ecosystems for
future generations.
Question 23: Which of the following threats to keystone species is NOT MENTIONED in the passage?
A. Historical elimination
B. Climate change
C. Habitat degradation
D. Competition from invasive species
Question 24: The word “disproportionate” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. minimal B. substantial C. significant D. commensurate
Question 25: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to_________.
A. sea otters B. sea urchins C. marine species D. kelp forests
Question 26: The word “reintroduction” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________.
A. return B. replacement C. reestablishment D. restoration
Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Conservation of keystone species helps ecosystems remain stable across the planet.
B. Safeguarding vital species is essential to sustain global ecosystem health and function.
C. Global ecosystem stability depends on protecting important animals and their habitats.
D. Preserving biodiversity ensures natural environments continue operating effectively worldwide.
Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Keystone species always require large populations to maintain their ecological influence.
B. The reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone benefited both plant and animal species.
C. Sea otters were successfully reintroduced to restore balance in Pacific kelp forests.
D. Climate change is the primary threat to keystone species in all global ecosystems.
Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention sea otter helps maintain ecosystem balance through predation?
A. Paragraph 3 B. Paragraph 1 C. Paragraph 2 D. Paragraph 4
Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention the impact of removing and reintroducing a keystone species?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4
Read the following passage about the Communication Networks in Natural Communities and mark the letter A, B, C or D on
your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
In the intricate tapestry of nature, where birds of a feather have always flocked together, communication networks form the
invisible threads that bind communities together. From the smallest insects to the largest mammals, organisms have evolved
sophisticated ways to share information vital for their survival. These communication systems enable creatures to warn others of
danger, coordinate group activities, and maintain social bonds within their communities. The complexity of these networks has
fascinated scientists for decades, revealing increasingly sophisticated patterns of interaction.
[I] Honeybees perform elaborate dances to convey information about food sources to their hivemates, while wolves use a
combination of vocal signals, body postures, and scent marking to maintain pack hierarchy. [II]Marine mammals like dolphins have
developed complex acoustic systems, using distinctive whistles and clicks that can travel long distances underwater. [III]These
diverse communication strategies demonstrate the remarkable adaptability of natural systems. [IV]
 The structure of communication networks in animal communities often exhibits fascinating patterns of organization. Some
species establish hierarchical networks, where information flows primarily through key individuals who act as central hubs. For
instance, elephant herds are typically led by experienced matriarchs who coordinate group movements and responses to threats.
Other communities operate through more distributed networks, where information spreads rapidly among all members, as seen in fish
schools that can change direction almost simultaneously when danger approaches.
The evolution of these communication networks has provided significant advantages to species that have mastered them.
Effective communication systems enable communities to coordinate hunting activities, protect themselves from predators, and
maintain social cohesion. Research has shown that species with more developed communication networks often demonstrate higher
survival rates and better resource utilization. This evolutionary success highlights the crucial role of information sharing in natural
communities, suggesting that communication might be as fundamental to survival as physical adaptations.
Question 31: The phrase “birds of a feather have always flocked together” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by_________.
A. break apart B. show up C. band together D. move along
Question 32: The word “their” in paragraph 1 refers to_________.
A. communication systems B. organisms C. scientists D. creatures
Question 33: Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?
Various species employ an impressive array of communication methods, each adapted to their specific environmental needs.
A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 34: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method of animal communication?
A. vocal signals B. pheromone trails C. body postures D. elaborate dances
Question 35: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A. Animal communities exhibit both hierarchical networks with central leaders and distributed systems with shared information flow.
B. Animal communities demonstrate complex social structures that enable them to survive and thrive in challenging environments.
C. Animal communities rely primarily on experienced leaders who guide group decisions and coordinate defensive responses.
D. Animal communities develop sophisticated methods to share information about food sources and potential predator threats.
Question 36: The word “matriarchs” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. patriarchs B. subordinates C. leaders D. elders
Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Species that learned complex social behaviors showed improved adaptation to environmental challenges.
B. Species that established strong community bonds demonstrated enhanced survival skills in groups.
C. Species that developed advanced communication systems gained substantial evolutionary benefits over time.
D. Species that created sophisticated warning signals achieved better protection from natural threats.
Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Species with more developed communication networks demonstrate significantly higher survival rates.
B. All animal communities rely exclusively on hierarchical networks for sharing vital information.
C. Marine mammals have developed the most sophisticated communication system among all species.
D. Communication patterns in nature remain constant regardless of environmental adaptations.
Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. All successful species will eventually develop identical methods of information sharing.
B. Species lacking effective communication systems would likely face greater survival challenges.
C. Hierarchical communication networks are more effective than distributed communication systems.
D. Marine mammals possess the most evolutionarily advanced forms of species communication.
Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. Animal communities demonstrate remarkable intelligence through their ability to share complex information within groups.
B. Communication networks have evolved differently across species to enhance survival through various methods adapted to specific
needs.
C. Scientists have discovered increasingly sophisticated patterns of interaction among different species in natural settings.
D. Social bonds within animal communities are strengthened through elaborate systems of warning signals and responses.