Diamond and CBN English 07
Diamond and CBN English 07
The use of high performance abrasives More possibilities from A – Z Competence to the core
has become an important factor with millions of permutations
regarding both the function and eco-
nomic viability of production in most ATLANTIC abrasive products are The various application requirements
areas of industry. The progress in tool used in the automobile, steel and can seldom be fulfilled with a universal
development relates directly to the bearing industries as also indeed specification.
continuous optimisation of the quality within their supply chain. The quality is specifically tailored to
of abrasive products; Guilleaume-Werk In order to satisfy the requirements, the application.
has sold such products throughout ATLANTIC abrasive products
the world for over 80 years under the achieve high stock removal rates and
trade name ATLANTIC. good surface finish. ● Grinding wheels and segments
Guilleaume-Werk is your competent Today, the company produces approx. ● Diamond and CBN wheels
partner for the service and customer 40 000 different products from which
orientated production of bonded abra- numerous variations are also possible. ● Honing and superfinishing
sives in all types of grain (aluminium stones
oxide, silicon carbide, sintered alumini-
um oxide, diamond and cubic boron
nitride) in both resin and vitrified bonds.
Contents
Bonding selection 9
Ideal for high production volumes Crystalline cubic boron nitride
Due to their outstanding wheel life and CBN does not have quite the same
resistance to wear, diamond and CBN hardness characteristic as diamond;
grinding wheels have successfully re- however, the disintegration tempera-
placed many machining and stock ture is greater than 1,500 °C and is
removal techniques using conventional produced by a combination of high
grit type wheels. They are particularly pressure and high temperature.
cost effective in high volume production.
CBN (Knoops hardness 4,700) is con-
siderably harder than alumina and
silicon carbide; due to its low wear
rate, it produces the required profile
and geometric tolerances in most
instances. Maximum cost effective-
ness of CBN is achieved when grind-
Diamond wheels ing hardened high alloyed, difficult
to grind steels over 60 HRC e.g. tool
They are particularly cost effective for or chrome steel. Contrary to diamond,
grinding brittle and short-chip materi- CBN is suitable for grinding carbide
als e.g. ceramic, glass, tungsten car- forming materials.
bide, titanium, alloyed steel, graphite,
magnetic sintered and composite
materials.
Coolant 15
2/3
Wheel shapes – coding systems
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Coding system
Coding
example
6 A 2 C
Core shape Shape of CBN / Configuration of CBN / Exceptions (e.g. with
diamond layer diamond layer mounting holes)
1 A
1 Peripheral
B- Mounting holes with countersink
H- Mounting holes
2 One side
3
C K- Key-way
3 Both sides
4
E
8 Without core M- Mounting holes with thread
6
P- Relieved one side
F
9 Special peripheral
9
R- Relieved both sides
FF
W- Shaft mounted
10 Internal ring
14
Standard product range
The greater the depth, the more cost ume of grain results in only a marginal cally mean twice the price; the wheel
effective; this means longer tool life increase in manufacturing cost i.e. life can however be doubled if used
and less downtime. The additional vol- double the depth does not automati- correctly.
Ideal: a small contact area Advantages: of a small contact Advantages: of a larger contact
area area
The contact area between the work- + wheel cuts more freely (higher + better surface finish
piece and the diamond/CBN layer traverse speeds possible) + better wheel life
should be kept as small as possible. + wheel grinds cooler
+ better geometry on flat surfaces
+ better removal of swarf through
better coolant effect
+ reduced tool costs
4/5
Grain types
Finishing operations – roller bearing steels, tool steels, high alloys and
M1B
stainless with > 58 HRC
V 35 - 3
50B Precision grinding of hardened and soft iron alloys and cast iron V 252 - 46
52B
For extremely tough wear resistant tool steels and carbon sintered
B 252 - 76
steels
55B
Precision grinding for hard / soft iron alloys - require grain with good
V 602 - 91
thermal conductivity
Identical to VGD but coated to give longer tool life with the same fri-
56D
ability B 301 - 46
GDD Good thermal conductivity – coated for dry grinding – bonds well B 151 - 46
88D Particularly cost-effective for wet grinding of short-chip materials e.g. B 252 - 46
tungsten carbide
Surface finish CBN - common grit sizes Diamond - common grit sizes
Ra [µm] Rt [µm] Surface cylindrical Surface cylindrical
0.5 2.1 - 4.0 126 - 151 64 - 76 151 - 181 107 - 151
0.4 1.7 - 3.5 91 - 107 54 - 64 126 - 151 107 - 126
0.3 1.3 - 2.5 64 - 76 46 - 54 107 76 - 91
0.2 0.9 - 1.8 54 46 91 54 - 64
0.1 0.5 - 1.2 25 - 46 64 46
Hardness identification
The hardness of a CBN or diamond The hardness of resin bonded Harder specifications for:
grinding wheel is identified by a letter superabrasives is defined as follows: ● long chip materials
after the grit size. Superabrasives ● narrow width of diamond / CBN
however, do not cover the total range J very soft layer
found in conventional wheels i.e. very ● grinding where highly effective
soft A to very hard Z. N soft coolant / lubricant is used
R medium hard
Softer specifications for:
V hard ● short-chip materials
● wider layers of diamond / CBN
Vitrified bonded wheels lie mainly ● dry grinding or low concentration
in the hardness range from M to soluble
maximum R. ● fine grit sizes
Structure
Vitrified bonds
Resin bonds
8/9
Concentration – conditioning – dressing
Applications for low concentration Applications for medium Applications for high
(25-50) concentration (50-100) concentration (125-200)
● finish grinding / finishing ● medium grit sizes ● internal grinding
● extremely wide layers ● plain wheels for surface and ● creep-feed and profile grinding
cylindrical grinding (good profile holding)
● bondings with medium hardness ● bondings with greater hardness
● wider layers ● narrow layers
Dressing possibilities
Conditioning of diamond and CBN can blade type, multi-point / single point necessarily give the best result. By
be divided into dressing, profiling and diamond or roller. The profile to be reducing the dressing infeed at shorter
sharpening. Dressing (mainly associat- dressed and the machine capability intervals, one can maintain a consis-
ed with vitrified bonded wheels) pro- determine whether a rotating or fixed tently good result in terms of holding
duces the required concentricity, dressing tool should be used. A rotat- geometric tolerances, taking greater
flatness and geometric accuracy. In ing dressing tool is always preferable care of the dressing tool and enhanc-
general, the same dressing tools are due to cost reasons. Maximising the ing tool life.
used as for conventional wheels e.g. time taken between dressing does not
Profiling
A rotating diamond dresser is normally used to generate the required profile on the periphery of the grinding wheel.
This is achieved by the dressing tool following the contour i.e. path controlled, or by using a pre-profiled diamond roll.
Grinding wheel
Influencing factors using a pre-profiled diamond roll Influencing factors using a path-controlled rotary
dresser
● Speed ratio qd = vr / vsd Speed ratio qd = vr / vsd
● Same/opposite rotational direction Same / opposite rotational direction
●
● Dressing infeed per grinding wheel vfd Cross traverse per grinding wheel revolution fd
●
Infeed ad
●
●
Effect of dressing in the same / opposite rotational Effect of dressing in the same / opposite rotational
direction in conjunction with the dressing speed direction in conjunction with the dressing speed
ratio (qd) on the initial surface finish. ratio (qd) on the radial pressure (Fr)
Sharpening
10/11
Recommend specifications
– Internal grinding –
The following tables list successful applications using ATLANTIC diamond and
CBN grinding wheels
Internal grinding
Hardened steel
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
Soft steel
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
Tool steel
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
Non-ferrous metals
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
Cylindrical grinding
Hardened steel
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
Soft steel
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
Tool steel
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
Non-ferrous metals
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
12/13
Recommended specifications
– surface grinding –
Hardened steel
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
Soft steel
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
Tool steel
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
Non-ferrous metals
Surface finish Resin bond Vitrified bond
in µm Ra
Cooling to conduct heat away from the ground A coolant should have the following properties:
component to act as a corrosion inhibitor
Lubricant minimizing the friction between grit does not foam
and workpiece remains stable for long periods
Cleansing the removal of swarf and abrasive no health hazard
waste from the contact zone
good wetting ability
Types of coolant
Guarantees maximum lubrication, Soluble oils are generally based on Synthetic solutions give maximum
thus reducing pressure. Grain wear water soluble concentrates of mineral coolant effect like water, but give
and heat generation are reduced which oil. This gives a compromise between a minimum lubrication effect.
means an increase in tool life (up to lubrication and the ability to cool. The
a factor of 10) with less damage to higher the percentage of concentrate
the contact area. mixed with the water, the better the
lubrication property. Normal concentra-
tion levels are 3-8 %.
Cutting speed
CBN wheels
CBN wheels are particularly suited to speeds; this ranges from 20-30 m/s recommend a cutting speed of maxi-
high speed grinding. ATLANTIC depending on the type of bonding mum 50 m/s. For customers requiring
CBN wheels are currently rated for a used. higher production rates (e.g. greater
maximum cutting speed of 125 m/s. Q factor) higher cutting speeds are
Generally speaking, an increase in the required. However, the heat generated
peripheral speed enhances the G factor must be reduced through either an
Diamond wheels
and the Q factor (volume of stock optimised coolant system (very com-
removed in a given time); this of The grinding proceess produces high plex) or by using a coated diamond
course depends on machine capability temperatures which in turn have a grain which is capable of heat
and coolant / lubrication equipment. detrimental effect on the diamond dissipation (e.g. ATLANTIC GDD
Dry grinding requires lower cutting grain particles; ATLANTIC therefore grain type).
Traverse speed(Vfa)
14/15
Gartenstrasse 7-17
ATLANTIC GmbH
53229 Bonn
Germany
Tel.: +49 (0)228 408 0
Fax: +49 (0)228 408 290
E-mail: info@atlantic-bonn.de
www.atlantic-grinding-wheels.com
The required results can be achieved by the use of optimally selected abrasive
media and individually tailored specifications from the ATLANTIC product
range.
We manufacture:
Surface grinding
Cylindrical grinding
Internal grinding
Centerless grinding
Bar grinding
Roll grinding
Thread grinding
Crankshaft grinding
We reserve the right of technical alteration
Pictures: Diamond © sumire8 - Fotolia.com
Cam grinding
Ball grinding
Tool grinding
Track grinding
CBN 5000/3.03 GB