Mathematics 8

Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 4
Solving the Missing Parts
of Triangles
Mathematics – Grade 8
Quarter 4 – Self-Learning Module 4: Solving the Missing Parts of Triangles
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Divina Jane Regaya
Editor: Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa
Reviewer: Ma. Cynthia P. Badana
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Anthony G. Fijo
Management Team:
Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance & Operations Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
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Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larangan)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Mathematics 8
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 4
Solving the Missing Parts of Triangles
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 8 Self-Learning Module on Solving the

Missing Parts of Triangles!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 8 Self-Learning Module on Solving the

Parts of Triangles!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION

1. Solve missing parts of triangles.

PRETEST

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

Use the figure on the right to answer question numbers 1 – 2.

1. What is the ma?
A. 65
B. 75
C. 85
D. 95
2. What is mUTV?
A. 45
B. 55
C. 65
D. 75
3. What is the range of possible values of x for the
figure on the right?
A. 0 < x < 24.5
B. 0 > x > 24.5
C. 2 > x > 24. 5
D. 2 < x < 24.5
Use the figure on the right to answer question numbers 4 – 5.
4. Which of the following statements must be true?
A. AC = ST
B. RS > AC
C. AC < RT
D. AC > RT
5. What is the possible range of values of x?
A. x < 10
B. x > 10
C. 2 < x < 10
D. 2 > x > 10
 RECAP

Directions: Use the figure below to complete the statements on the right.
Write, >, =, or <.

1. ̅̅̅̅̅ ______ OM
OM ̅̅̅̅̅

2. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
FO ______ RO
3. ̅̅̅̅ ______ RM
FM ̅̅̅̅̅

4. mFOM ______ mROM

LESSON

In the previous modules, we have learned the three triangle inequality

theorems. These are Exterior Angle Theorem, Hinge Theorem, and Converse of Hinge
Theorem.
The table below shows the summary of Triangle Inequality Theorem that we
have discussed from the previous modules:
It states that the measure of each exterior angle of a triangle
Exterior Angle
equals the sum of the measures of its two remote interior
Theorem
angles.

It states that if two sides of one triangle are congruent, to

two sides of another triangle, but the included angle of the
Hinge Theorem first triangle is larger than the included angle of the second,
then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third
side of the second triangle.

It states that if two sides of one triangle are congruent to

the other two sides of another triangle respectively, and
Converse of Hinge the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third
Theorem side of the second, then the angle opposite the longer side
is larger than the angle opposite the third side of the second
triangle.

In this self-learning module, you will learn how to solve for the missing parts
of the triangles involving the triangle inequality theorems. Please take note, that
properties of equality such as Addition Property, Multiplication Property and
Subtraction Property may be used in your solution.

Listed below are the Properties of Equalities that you may use:

Properties of Equalities

For any real numbers a, b, c, and d:

Properties Illustrations

If a = b, then a + c = b + c. or
Addition Property of Equality
If a = b and c = d, then a + c = b + d.

If a = b, then a - c = b - c. or
Subtraction Property of Equality
If a = b and c = d, then a - c = b - d.

If a = b, then ac = bc. or
Multiplication Property of Equality
If a = b and c = d, then ac = bd.

If a = b, then a may be replaced by b in

Substitution Property
any equation.

Properties of Inequalities may also be used in this module:

Properties of Inequalities

For any real numbers x, y, and z be real numbers:

Properties Illustrations

Addition Property of Inequality If x < y, then x + z < y + z.

Subtraction Property of Inequality If x < y, then x – z < y – z.

If x < y and z > 0, then xz < yz.

Multiplication Property of Inequality
If x < y and z < 0, then xz > yz.

If x < y and z > 0, then x ÷ z < x ÷ y.

Division Property of Inequality
If x < y and z < 0, then x ÷ z > x ÷ y.

Reversal Property of Inequality If x > y, then y < x.

Let us have some examples:
Example 1. Given that for a triangle, the two interior angles 25 and (x + 15)  are
non-adjacent to an exterior angle (3x – 10) , find the value of x.

Solution:
Apply the Exterior Angle Theorem:

(3x – 10) = 25 + (x + 15)

3x – 10 = x + 40
3x – x = 40 + 10 Addition Property of Equality
2x = 50 Divide both sides by 2
x = 25

Example 2. Find the range of possible values for x.

Solution:
From the diagram, we know that:
JH ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ GH
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
EH EH
JE > EG,
Therefore, by Converse of Hinge Theorem, mJHE
> mEHG.

Step 1. 6x + 15 > 65 By substitution

6x > 65 – 15 Subtraction Property of Inequality
6x > 50
1
x>8 Division Property of Inequality
3

Step 2. Use the fact that the measure of any angle in a triangle is less than
180 to write a second inequality.
mJHE < 180
6x + 15 < 180 Substitution Property
6x < 180 - 15 Subtraction Property of Inequality
6x < 165
x < 27.5 Division Property of Inequality

1
Step 3. Write x > 8 and x < 27.5 as the compound inequality:
3

𝟏
𝟖 𝟑 < 𝒙 < 𝟐𝟕. 𝟓
Example 3. Given the diagram on the right,
write the inequalities that describes the possible
values of x.

Solution:
From the diagram, we know that:
AD ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ CD
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ BD
BD ̅̅̅̅̅
BDC > BDA,
Therefore, by Hinge Theorem, BC > BA.

Step 1. 28 > 4x – 4 By substitution

28 + 4 > 4x Addition Property of Inequality
32 > 4x
8>x Division Property of Inequality
x<8 Reversal Property of Inequality

Step 2. To get the second inequality, remember that the measure of the
length of the triangle must not be less than or equal to zero, thus, we write
4x – 4 > 0, then solve for the range of values of x:

4x – 4 > 0
4x > 4 Subtraction Property of Inequality
x>1 Division Property of Inequality

Step 3. Write x < 8 and x > 1 as the compound inequality:

1 < x < 8

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Directions: Name the Property of Equality or Inequality shown by the following
mathematical expressions. Write the correct answers in your notebook.
1. If 4 > 2, then 4 + 5 > 2 + 5.
2. If 3x = 15, then x = 5.
3. If 4 < 8, then 4 ÷ 2 < 8 ÷ 2.
4. If m > 10, then 10 < m.
5. If 3m + 5 = 20, then 3m = 15.
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Directions: Use the figures below to complete the statement by writing >, <, or .

̅̅̅̅
AG ____ ̅̅̅̅
DG S ___ T
̅̅̅̅ ____ ̅̅̅̅
GB GC STU ___ YUT
̅̅̅̅
AB ____ ̅̅̅̅
DC SUT ____ YUT

AGB ____ DGC

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Directions: Write the range of possible values of x for the figure below. Show your
complete solution.

WRAP-UP

Remember…

Exterior Angle Theorem states that the measure of each exterior angle of a
triangle equals the sum of the measures of its two remote interior angles.
Hinge Theorem states that if two sides of one triangle are congruent, to two
sides of another triangle, but the included angle of the first triangle is larger than the
included angle of the second, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than
the third side of the second triangle.
 Converse of Hinge Theorem states that if two sides of one triangle are
congruent to the other two sides of another triangle respectively, and the third side
of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second, then the angle opposite
the longer side is larger than the angle opposite the third side of the second triangle.
To solve for the missing parts of one or two triangles, apply the properties of
equality or properties of inequality.

VALUING
REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)
According to Brené Brown: “Integrity is choosing courage over comfort;
choosing what is right over what is fun, fast or easy; and choosing to practice our
values rather than simply professing them.”
Make a reflection on how you accomplish your school works at home. Despite
this pandemic and new set-up, were you able to practice integrity? How do you relate
to the quote of Brown about integrity?

POSTTEST
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is always __________.
A. greater than its adjacent interior angle
B. less than its adjacent interior angle
C. greater than either of the remote interior angles
D. less than either remote interior angle
2. What are the possible values of x in the Figure 1?
A. x < 11.25
B. x > 11.25
C. x ≤ 11.25
D. x ≥ 11.25 Figure 1.

3. Will you be able to conclude that EM > EF if one of the following statements
is not established: ̅̅̅̅
AE ≅ ̅̅̅̅
AE, ̅̅̅̅
AF ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
AM, mMAE >
mFAE?
A. Yes, I will.
B. No, I won’t.
C. It is impossible to decide.
D. It depends on which statement is left out.
For nos. 4 and 5, use the figure on the right.
4. Which of the following is the exterior angle of the triangle?
A. TUV
B. VTU
C. TVU
D. UVR
5. What is the measure of m?
A. 50
B. 60
C. 70
D. 80
 ACTIVITY 1
1. Addition Property of Inequality
2. Division Property of Equality
3. Division Property of Inequality
4. Reversal Property of Inequality
PRETEST 5. Subtraction Property of Equality
1. A ACTIVITY 2
2. C AG ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ = DG S > T
3. D
GB ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ = GC STU < YUT
4. D
5. C AB ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ < DC SUT < YUT
RECAP AGB < DGC
1. = ACTIVITY 3
2. =
3. > 2x – 4 < 86
4. > 2x < 86 + 4
2x < 90
POSTTEST x < 45
1. C 2x – 4 > 0
2. A 2x > 4
3. A x>2
4. D
5. C 2 < x < 45
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References
“AN ELITE CAFEMEDIA PUBLISHER. n.d. “Properties of inequality.” Basic
Mathematics.https://www.basic-mathematics.com/properties-of-
inequality.html. (accessed March 30, 2021).

“Inequalities in 2 Triangles and the Hinge Theorem.” n.d. My Haiku Class.

https://www.myhaikuclass.com/hjhunt/geometry/cms_file/show/3695340
7.pdf?t=1423660473. (accessed March 30, 2021).

Mastin, Luke. n.d. “Exterior Angle Theorem – Explanation & Examples.” The Story of
Mathematics. https://www.storyofmathematics.com/.(accessed March 30,
2021).

Roberts, Donna. n.d. “Hinge Theorem Practice.” MathBitsNotebook.com.

https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/SegmentsAnglesTriangles/SATHi
ngePractice.html. (accessed March 30, 2021).