Scribd
Upload
5 views8 pages

Fundamentals Watertight Integrity 2

The document discusses the importance of watertight integrity in ship design, emphasizing that a vessel must prevent water ingress to avoid flooding. It outlines definitions of watertight and weathertight, details construction methods for various hull types, and explains the necessary openings and maintenance practices to maintain watertight integrity. Key components include watertight bulkheads, access hatchways, weather-tight doors, and drainage arrangements to ensure vessel safety at sea.

Uploaded by

Jerald Mercado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views8 pages

Fundamentals Watertight Integrity 2

The document discusses the importance of watertight integrity in ship design, emphasizing that a vessel must prevent water ingress to avoid flooding. It outlines definitions of watertight and weathertight, details construction methods for various hull types, and explains the necessary openings and maintenance practices to maintain watertight integrity. Key components include watertight bulkheads, access hatchways, weather-tight doors, and drainage arrangements to ensure vessel safety at sea.

Uploaded by

Jerald Mercado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

TRIM AND STABILITY

GROUP 3

BSMT 1V-NON
Watertight Integrity

Definitions

Hull Watertight Integrity

Openings in Watertight Bulkheads Hull and Deck

Openings Maintenance of Watertight Integrity

Aship is nothing more than a water tight container or storage compartment with its own means of propulsion.Its
purpose is to load and carry cargo, whether thecargo is passengers, fish, or a host of other commodities.Each type
of ship is specialised for the trade in which it will operate.One of the most important factorof design is to ensure
that the water in which your vessel floats, does not enter the hull and cause progressive flooding.We call this
characteristic of a vessel its watertight integrity.

Definitions

Watertight means:

a) In relation to a fitting above deck, that it is so constructed as to resist effectively the passage of
water under pressure, except for slight seepage.

b) In relation to the structure of the vessel, capable of preventing the passage of water in any direction if the
head of pressure were up to the freeboard deck, which in your case would mean the main deck.

Weathertight means that the structure or fitting will prevent the passage of water through the structure or fitting in
any ordinary sea conditions.

Hull Watertight Integrity

The steel plating in a metal vessel, the planking in a wooden one, or the FRP laminate, have as their primary
purpose, the task of keeping the interior of the vessel free from water.In all types of vessel construction, a structural
framework is built first to provide the strength.This, when combined with the external covering,forms the hull.In
steel and aluminium ships, the hull is made watertight by welding the steel plates together and to the
framework.Often the frame is built upsidedown and the shell plating is welded onto the inverted frame.The hull is
then righted and the internal welds are completed.This procedure allows for a better weld and hence improved
water tightness since all welds are 'downwelds'.

FRP and ferro cement hulls are continuous with no joints and are inherently watertight, as is their deck/hull
connection.

Vessels constructed of timber are not normally totally watertight but rely on seepage of water to swell the
planking and thus make them watertight.

Openings in Watertight Bulkheads


Openings may be necessary in watertight bulkheads to allow the passage of pipes or electrical cables,and special
arrangements are made to ensure that the watertight integrity of the bulkhead is maintained.All pipes passing
through a watertight bulkhead must be flanged to the bulkhead and do not pass directly through it.The pipe on the
left has a valve in corporated in it for filling the tank on the other side of the bulkhead.There is a spindle running up
to the maindeck from where this valve can be operated.The siting of the valve outside of the tank it isservicing
reduces corrosion and maintenance.

Pipes Passing Through Watertight Bulkhead

Doors may also be necessary, in watertight bulkheads, to allow the vessel to continue its normal operation whilst
at sea. These doors can be of either a sliding or hinged type and must be capable of operation from both sides of
the bulkhead.
Internal Watertight Door

Hull and Deck Openings

AccessHatchways

Shows the hatchways on the fore deck of a vessel that provide access to compartments below the main deck.
Access Hatch ways on Fore Deck

Hatchways must have a raised coaming to reduce the amount of water that could enter the ship should a wave wash
over the deck while the hatch was opened.
The height of the coaming varies according to the ship’s length.

Raised Coaming
-shows a cut away section of a hatchway coaming.When a hatchway is cut into the deck of a vessel, the corners
are rounded to reduce stresses.

Weather tight Doors

Doors providing access from the main deck to lower compartments must have sills,which serve the same
purpose as hatchway coamings.The sill heights are the same as for hatch coamings. Access doors can be hinged
and should be marked "THIS DOOR IS TO BE KEPT CLOSED AT SEA”.

External Weather tight Door

Ventilators and Ventilators must be a minimum height above the deck and must have some means of making
them watertight.This may be metal flaps,or in smaller vessels,wooden plugs and canvas covers.Airpipes, where
exposed, should be of substantial construction and if the diameter of the bore exceeds 30 mm bore then the pipe
should be provided with means of closing watertight.
Side Scuttles(portholes)

Airpipes- All portholes below the main deck should have hinged metal covers (deadlights) that can be closed
watertight.

Access Openings in the Hull

The loading hatch in the side of the hull is bolted and secured while at sea.An alarm system is fitted which will
sound on the bridge if the door is opened.

Opening in the Hull


Watertight Door Open Alarm Switch

Shows a closer view of the trip switch which will sound the alarm if the side door wereopened while at sea.

Scuppers,Inlets and Discharges

All sea inlets are to be fitted with valves of steel or material of equivalent strength attached directto the hull or
approved skin fittings (in case of non metal hulls).

Drainage Arrangements From Weather Decks

Weather decks are to be provided with freeing ports, open rails or scuppers capable of rapidly clearing the deck of
all water under all weather conditions.

Maintenance of Watertight Integrity

Watertight integrity can be breached through any activity or happening that allows the ingress of water in
unwanted areas or compartments of the vessel.

Typical examples include:

Lack of maintenance to seals, screw threads and other locking devices. Damage caused by collision,

grounding or heavy weather.

Leaving hatches,doors,vents etc open.

Blocked freeing ports or scuppers.

Cracks along welds in metal vessels or loss of caulking from planked seams in timber vessels.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy