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SUBJECT NAME

Chemistry-Solution
1
Section - A: Direct/ regular/ inferential questions
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
Ethanol forms intermolecular hydrogen bonding. n-hexane is mixed with
ethanol. Intermolecular forces in n-hexane are weak van der waal forces.
1. What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and n-hexane?
2. Why is it not possible to obtain 100% ethanol by distillation process?
3. What are azeotropes?
4. What type of azeotrope is formed by a mixture of ethanol and n-hexane?
5. State the conditions for a solution to be ideal.
1. Define the following terms: a) molarity b) molality c) mole fraction d) mass%
e) volume % f) parts per million g) azeotrope.
2. What is the effect of temperature on the molarity of the solution?
3. Molality, mole fraction, and mass% are independent of temperature. Why?
4. What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of a) solid in a liquid b) gas in a
liquid ?
5. State Henry’s law. Give the mathematical expression for the law.
6. Mention three applications of Henry’s law.
7. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing two volatile solvents.
8. Give the mathematical expression for the Raoults law of solution containing two
volatile solvents A and B.

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Chemistry Lesson 2 4

9. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing a volatile solvents and a non-volatile
solute.
10. Give the mathematical expression for the Raoults law of solution containing a
volatile solvent and a non-volatile solute.
Multiple choice questions:
11. A solution containing acetone and chloroform exhibits
A. Positive deviation and forms maximum boiling azeotrope.
B. Negative deviation and forms maximum boiling azeotrope
C. Positive deviation and forms minimum boiling azeotrope
D. Negative deviation and forms minimum boiling azeotrope.

12. Determine the molarity of 98% by mass of sulphuric acid.

Density of the solution1.8g/cm3 ( Molar mass of sulphuric acid=98 g/mol)
A. 18 mol/l
B. 9 mol/l
C. 1.8 mol/l
D. 3.6 mol/l
13. Which one of the following solutions have the highest boiling point?
A. 0.1molal KCl B. 0.1 molal BaCl2 C. 0.1 molal AlCl3 D. 0.1 molal urea
14. Which one of the following solutions have the lowest boiling point?
A. 0.1molal KCl B. 0.1 molal BaCl2 C. 0.1 molal AlCl3 D. 0.1 molal urea
15. Which one of the following solutions have the highest freezing point?
A. 0.1molal KCl B. 0.1 molal BaCl2 C. 0.1 molal AlCl3 D. 0.1 molal urea
16. Which one of the following solutions have the lowest freezing point?
A. 0.1molal KCl B. 0.1 molal BaCl2 C. 0.1 molal AlCl3 D. 0.1 molal urea
17. Which one of the following statement is true?
A. Solution obtained by mixing the solvents CH 3COCH3 and CHCl3 exhibit negative
deviation and the temperature of the resulting solution increases.

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B. Solution obtained by mixing the solvents CH3COCH3 and CHCl3 exhibit negative
deviation and the temperature of the resulting solution decreases.
C. Solution obtained by mixing the solvents CH3COCH3 and CHCl3 exhibit positive
deviation and the temperature of the resulting solution increases.
D. Solution obtained by mixing the solvents CH 3COCH3 and CHCl3 exhibit positive
deviation and the temperature of the resulting solution decreases.
18. Which of the following statement is true?
A. Solution obtained by mixing the solvents CH 3CH2OH and n-hexane exhibit negative
deviation and the temperature of the resulting solution increases.
B. Solution obtained by mixing the solvents CH3CH2OH and n-hexane exhibit negative
deviation and the temperature of the resulting solution decreases.
C. Solution obtained by mixing the solvents CH3CH2OH and n-hexane exhibit positive
deviation and the temperature of the resulting solution increases.
D. Solution obtained by mixing the solvents CH 3CH2OH and n-hexane exhibit positive
deviation and the temperature of the resulting solution decreases.
19. BaCl2 is 90% ionized in aqueous solution. What is the value of Vant Hoff factor i?
A. 2.8 B. 3.0 C. 1.8 D. 0.9
20. Which of the following statement is true?
A. Ethanoic acid undergoes dissociation in aqueous solution and the molar mass of
ethanoic acid calculated is higher than the actual molar mass of ethanoic acid
B. Ethanoic acid undergoes dissociation in aqueous solution and the molar mass of
ethanoic acid calculated is lower than the actual molar mass of ethanoic acid.
C. Ethanoic acid undergoes neither association nor dissociation in aqueous solution
D. Ethanoic acid undergoes association in benzene and the molar mass
of ethanoic acid calculated is lower than the actual molar mass.
21. Solution A is prepared by dissolving 15 g of NaCl in 100 ml water. Solution B is
prepared by dissolving 30 g of NaCl in 100 ml water.
A. Solution A is hypotonic to solution B and solution B is hypertonic to solution A
B. Solution A and B are isotonic

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C. Solution A is hypertonic to solution B and solution B is hypotonic to solution A

D. None of the above statement is correct.
22. Which of the following statement is true?
A. Solubility of CO2 in water increases with the increase in temperature and decreases
with the increase in pressure
B. Solubility of CO2 in water increases with the increase in temperature and increases
with the increase in pressure
C. Solubility of CO2 in water decreases with the increase in temperature and increases
with the increase in pressure
D. Solubility of CO2 in water decreases with the increase in temperature and decreases
with the increase in pressure
23. On mixing 30 mL acetone and 20 mL chloroform,the total volume of the solution will
be
A. equal to 50 mL
B. less than 50 mL
C. more than 50 mL
D. equal to 10 mL
Reasoning and Assertion questions
A) Both assertion and reason are the correct statements, and the reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(B) Both assertion and reason are the correct statements, but the reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion.
(C) Assertion is correct but the reason is wrong statement.
(D) Assertion is wrong but the reason is correct statement.
1. Assertion: Solubility of a gas in a solvent increases with the increase in
temperature.
Reason: Solubility of a gas in a solvent is an exothermic process.
2. Assertion: A mixture of ethanol and n-hexane exhibit positive deviation.
Reason: n-hexane breaks hydrogen bond in ethanol.

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3. Assertion: A mixture of Acetone and chloroform exhibit negative deviation

Reason: Temperature of the resulting solution decreases.
4. Assertion: A mixture of ethanol and hexane forms minimum boiling
azeotrope.
Reason: Azeotropic mixture has minimum vapour pressure.
5. Assertion: A mixture of Acetone and chloroform forms maximum boiling
Azeotrope
Reason: Azeotropic mixture has minimum vapour pressure.
6. Assertion: Elevation of boiling point measured for KCl(aq) is almost double
the expected vale.
Reason: KCl dissociates in aqueous solution.
7. Assertion: The value of Van’t factor is equal to 1 for urea solution.
Reason: Urea associate in aqueous solution.
8. Assertion : Molality is independent of temperature
Reason : Mass does not change with temperature in a closed system
9. Assertion: Molarity increases with the increases in temperature
Reason: Volume expands on heating.
10. Assertion: 0.1 M solution of KCl exhibit higher depression of freezing point
than elevation of boiling point.
Reason: Kf of water is higher than Kb of water.
Section- B: Application, Reasoning and Analytical questions:
1. Derive the mathematical expression to show that the relative lowering of vapor
pressure of a solution containing a nonvolatile solute and a volatile solvent is equal
to
the mole fraction of the solute.
2. What are ideal solutions? Mention the conditions for a solution to behave ideally.
Draw a graph of vapor pressure vs mole fraction for an ideal solution.
3. What are non ideal solutions? Mention the conditions for a solution to behave
non ideally.

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4. Explain the type of deviation exhibited by a mixture of a) ethanol and acetone b)

acetone and chloroform. c) phenol and aniline. Draw a graph of vapor pressure vs mole
fraction in each case.
5. What do you mean by the terms a) maximum boiling azeotrope b) minimum boiling
azeotrope. Give one example each.
6. What are colligative properties? Give four examples.
7. Define osmosis and osmotic pressure. Why osmotic pressure method is is
considered
as a better method when compared to other colligative properties to determine molar
mass of the solute.
8. What is reverse osmosis? Mention one application of the same.
9. What do you mean by abnormal molar mass? How does it occur due to a)
association of solute? b) dissociation of solute?
10. What is Van’t Hoff factor i? Give its value for a) association of solute. b) dissociation
of solute. c) solute which is neither associates nor dissociates.
11. Which is more concentrated? 1 molar or 1 molal solution. Why?
12. What do you mean by the terms a) isotonic solution. b) hypertonic solution c)
hypotonic solution?
13. Account for the following:
a) Intravenous injection is given by using 0.9% NaCl (mass/volume) solution.
b) Dried fruits and vegetables swell when kept in fresh water.
c) The tanks used by scuba divers are diluted with helium.
d) Mountain climbers sometimes get symptoms of a condition known as anoxia.
e) Calcium chloride is added to clear the roads covered by snow.
f) Raw mango placed in concentrated salt solution shrivel in to pickle.
g) People suffering from high blood pressure are advised to take minimum quantity
of salty food.
h) People taking lot of salty food get affected by edema.
i) Meat is preserved by salting and fruits are preserved by adding sugar.

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j) Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water as compared to hot water.
14. What will happen when a blood cell is placed in a) solution having NaCl
concentration less than 0.9%(mass/volume) b) solution having NaCl
concentration higher than 0.9%(mass/volume)?
Section- C: HOTS questions (Higher Order Thinking Skills)
1.Concentration of solutions
1. A sample of drinking water contains 15 ppm of CHCl 3(by mass) Express this in %
mass. Also find out the molality of the solution.
2. Concentrated H2SO4 is 49% by mass. Density of the solution is 1.5 g/ cm3.
Determine the molality and molarity of the solution.(Molar mass of H 2SO4 = 98)
3. Concentrated HNO3 is 68% by mass. Density of the solution is 1.5 g/ cm3. Calculate
the volume of the solution containing 20 grams of HNO3.
4. Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 mixture containing 1 gram is completely neutralised by 0.1 M
HCl. Determine the volume of HCl needed if the mixture contains equimolar mixture of
Na2CO3 and NaHCO3.
5. Calulate the molality of 1M solution of NaNO3.Density of solution is 1.25 g/ cm3. Molar
mass of NaNO3 = 85.
6. Calculate the number of moles of CH3OH in 5 litres of 2 molal solution. Density of the
solution is 0.981 g/ cm3
7. Calculate the molality , molarity and mole fraction of KI if the density of 20%
(mass/mass) aqueous solution of KI is 1.2 g/ cm3
8. If the solubility product of CuS is 6x10-6. Calculate the maximum molarity of CuS in
aqueous solution.
9. Calculate the volume of 80% H2SO4 (D=1.8 g/ cm3) needed to prepare 1 litre of 20%
H2SO4 (D=1.25 g/ cm3.)
10. If the density of lake water is 1.25 g/ cm3 and contains 92 grams of Na+ ion per Kg
of water, determine the molality of Na+ ion in solution.
II- Henry’s law

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1. How many millimoles of N2 gas would dissolve in 1 litre of water at 293K? N2 gas
exerts a pressure of 0.987 bar. KH for N2 at 293 K is 76.4 kilo bar.
2. Partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56x10-2 gram of
ethane is 1 bar. What will be the partial pressure of the gas if it contains 5x 10 -2grams
of ethane.
3. Solubility of H2S in water at STP is 0.195 m. Calculate KH.
4. KH for CO2 in water is 1.67x108 Pa at 298K. Calculate the mass of CO2 that can be
dissolved in 500 ml of water at a pressure of 2.5 atmosphere at 298K.
( 1atm= 1.013 x105 Pa)
5. Air is a mixture gases. It contains 20% by volume of O2 gas and 79% by volume of
N2 gas at 298K. Water is in equilibrium with air at a pressure of 10 atmospheres. K H
for O2 and N2 at 298 K are 3.30x107 mm and 6.51x 107 mm respectively. Determine
the composition of these gases in water.

III-Raoult’s law and Colligative properties.

1. Vapour pressure of CHCl3 and CH2Cl2 at 298K are 200 mm Hg and 415mm Hg
respectively.(i) Calulate the vapour pressure of the solution by mixing 25.5 g of
CHCl3 and 40 g of CH2Cl2 at 298K (ii) mole fraction of each component in vapour
phase.(Molar mass CHCl3 =118.5 CH2Cl2 = 85)
2. The vapour pressures of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg respectively at
350K. Find the composition of liquid mixture if the total pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also
find the composition in vapour phase.
3. Calculate the mass of non volatile solute which should be dissolved in 114 g of
Octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%
(Molar mass of solute=40, Molar mass of octane=114)
4. Benzene and naphthalene forms ideal solution at 300K. Vapour pressure of pure
benzene and naphthalene are 50.71 and 32.06 mm Hg respectively at 300K. Find the
mole fraction of each components in vapour phase if 80 g of benzene mixed with 100
g naphthalene.(Molar mass benzene = 78, naphthalene = 128)

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5. Benzene and toluene forms an ideal solution at 300K Vapour pressure of pure
Benzene and pure toluene are 160 mm and 60 mm Hg respectively. Calculate the
total pressure of the solution under the following conditions :
a)mixing equal number of moles of benzene and toluene.
b) equal mass of benzene and toluene. Also find the composition of benzene and
toluene in vapour phase in each case.
6. Vapour pressure of solution containing benzene and toluene is (180x+120) mm Hg
where x is the mole fraction of toluene. Find the p 0 benzene and p0 toluene
respectively.
7. A solution containing 1 mole of X and 3 moles of Y gave a vapour pressure of 550
mm Hg. The same solution containing 1 mole of X and 4 moles of Y gave a vapour
pressure of 560 mm Hg. Find vapour pressure of pure X and pure Y.
8. Vapour pressure of dilute solution of glucose is 750 mm Hg at 373K. Find the mole
fraction and molality of glucose in solution.
9. Vapour pressure of water is 12.3 kPa at 300K. Calculate the vapour pressure of 1
molal solute in it.
10. A solution containing 30 g of non volatile solute in 90 g of water has a vapour
pressure of 2.8 kPa at 300K. Further 18 g of water added to the solution changed the
vapour pressure to 2.9kPa. Calculate the molar mass of the solute added and vapour
pressure of water at 300K.
11. Vapour pressure of pure benzene at 300K is 640 mm Hg. 2.175 g of non volatile
solute in 39 g of benzene gave a vapour pressure of 600 mm Hg. Find the molar
mass of solute added.(Molar mass of benzene=78)
12. A very small amount of solute in 60 ml of benzene gave a vapour pressure of 98.88
mm Hg. Vapour pressure of pure benzene is 100 mm Hg at this temperature. Find
the molality of the solution. If ΔTf = 0.73K find Kf of benzene.
13. 34.2 g of sucrose and 36 g of glucose dissolved in 81 g of water at 300K find the
vapour pressure of the solution. Vapour pressure of water at 300K= 30 mm Hg.
Molar mass of sucrose=342, glucose = 180.

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14.Two elements A and B forms two compounds AB2 and AB4 respectively. When
dissolved in 20 g of benzene 1 g of AB2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3K while 1 g
of AB4 decreased the freezing point by 1.3K. Calculate the atomic masses of A and
B. Kf of benzene= 5.1 K Kg mole-1
15. At 300K 36 g of glucose in 1 liter solution exerted an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar.
What would be the concentration of the solution at 300K if it exerts a pressure of
1.52 bar.
16. 5% solution of sucrose (Molar mass =342) is isotonic with 0.877% solution of urea.
Determine the molar mass of urea.
17. Calculate the freezing point and boiling point of 1M solution of KCl. Density of the
solution = 1.04 g/ml Molar mass of KCl= 74.5 Kb = 0.52 K Kg mole-1
Kf = 1.86 K Kg mole-1. Assume KCl undergoes 90% dissociation
18. BaCl2 and KCl mixed in 1: 1 molal ratio showed a boiling point elevation of 2.6K.
Determine the mass of each solute in 100 g water. Kb = 0.52 K Kg mole-1
Assume that both the solute undergoes 100% dissociation. Molar mass KCl = 74.5
BaCl2 = 208
19. Kf of benzene is 4.90 K Kg mole-1. 3.26 g of Se in 226 gram of benzene showed a
freezing point depression of 0.1120C. Determine the molecular formula of Se.
Atomic mass of Se= 78.8 benzene = 78
20. 1.8 g of glucose in 100 ml is added to 34.2 g of sucrose in 100 ml. Find the osmotic
pressure of the resulting solution. R= 0.0821 l atm mol -1 K-1

21. 2 grams of benzoic acid (molar mass =122) in 25 g benzene gave ∆Tf = 1.62K

Kf of benzene is 4.90 K Kg mole-1Find i and % association of benzoic acid if it

exists as a dimer.
22. 0.6 ml of acetic acid having density 1.06 g/ml is dissolved in 1 liter of water.

∆Tf =0.02050C. Find the Van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of the acid.

Molar mass of acetic acid = 60 Kf = 1.86 K Kg mole-1

23. 5% solution of sucrose has a freezing point of 271K.Calculate the freezing point of

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5% glucose in water. Freezing point of water is 273.15K.

24. Which of the following solution in water will have a) lowest freezing point b) highest
freezing point. c) lowest boiling point d) highest boiling point?
0.1M NaCl, 0.1 M BaCl2, 0.1 M urea and 0.1 M Al2 (SO4)3
25. Calculate the depression in freezing point of water when 10 g of 2-Chloro butanoic
acid is added to 250 g of water. Ka = 1.4x 10-3Kf = 1.86 K Kg mole-1
Molar mass of 2-Chloro butanoic acid =122.5
26. 19.5 g of Fluoro ethanoic acid (molar mass =78) is dissolved in 500 g of water. ΔTf
=
10C . Calculate the Van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of the acid.
27. Determine the amount of CaCl2(i = 2.47) dissolved in 2.5 litres of water such that its
osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 300K.
28. Determine the freezing point of an aqueous solution of a salt which boils at 101.5 0C.
[Kb= 0.52KKgmol-1 Kf= 1.86KKgmol-1] [ 2025 Board]
29.Vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 24.8 mm Hg.Calculate the lowering in
vapour pressure of an aqueous solution which freezes at - 0.30 C.
( Kf of water =b1.86 K Kg mol-1

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