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LV Switchgear Design Calculation Guide

The document provides a comprehensive guide for designing low voltage switchgear, covering load estimation, diversity and demand factors, and feeder and busbar sizing. It includes calculations for voltage drop, short circuit levels, and the selection of protection devices and control gear. Additionally, it emphasizes compliance with relevant standards and the use of various tools and software for effective design and analysis.

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473 views3 pages

LV Switchgear Design Calculation Guide

The document provides a comprehensive guide for designing low voltage switchgear, covering load estimation, diversity and demand factors, and feeder and busbar sizing. It includes calculations for voltage drop, short circuit levels, and the selection of protection devices and control gear. Additionally, it emphasizes compliance with relevant standards and the use of various tools and software for effective design and analysis.

Uploaded by

jeethvishwa398
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Low Voltage Switchgear Design - Detailed Calculation Guide

1. Load Estimation

- List all loads: Lighting, motors, HVAC, etc.

- Calculate total load using diversity factors.

Formula: Total Load (kW) = Sum(Load x Diversity Factor)

- Convert to apparent power (kVA): S = P / PF

- Full Load Current: I = P / (sqrt(3) x V x PF x Efficiency)

2. Diversity and Demand Factors

- Diversity Factor: Not all loads operate simultaneously.

- Demand Factor: Actual load / Connected load.

- Used to optimize switchgear and cable sizes.

3. Feeder and Busbar Sizing

Cable Sizing:

- Based on load current, derating factors, voltage drop, and fault capacity.

Busbar Sizing:

- Based on load current, fault withstand, temperature rise.

- Use standard sizes (e.g., 25x5 mm Cu for 100A).

4. Voltage Drop Calculation

Formula: Delta V = sqrt(3) x I x L x (Rcos(phi) + Xsin(phi))

- Allowable limits: <5% total, <3% for final circuits.

- Use standard resistance/reactance values for cables.

5. Short Circuit Calculation

- Fault level: Isc = V / Z or provided by utility.

- Select protection devices with KA rating >= fault level.


Low Voltage Switchgear Design - Detailed Calculation Guide

- Verify fault withstand time for cables and busbars.

6. Protection Device Selection

- Choose MCB, MCCB, ACB, Fuses as needed.

- Select rating (In), KA rating, curve type (B, C, D).

- Ensure selectivity and discrimination (cascading if allowed).

7. Control Gear Selection (Motor Loads)

- Contactor: Rated for motor current and duty (AC-3).

- Overload Relay: Set to 0.85 to 1.0 x FLC.

- Starters: DOL, Star-Delta, Soft Starters, VFDs.

8. Earthing & Neutral Calculations

- Earth conductor size: Based on fault level and disconnection time.

- Neutral: Full or reduced size based on system design.

- Ensure compliance with standards like IS 3043, IEC 60364.

9. Panel Sizing & Layout

- Space for breakers, busbars, wiring, and ventilation.

- Use IP rating appropriate for environment.

- Maintain clearances and thermal separation.

10. Temperature Rise & Derating

- Ambient temperature affects cables, breakers, busbars.

- Use correction factors from standards or manufacturer catalogs.

- Software tools assist in thermal checks.

11. Compliance with Standards


Low Voltage Switchgear Design - Detailed Calculation Guide

- IEC 61439: Switchgear assemblies.

- IEC 60947: LV switchgear components.

- IS 732, IS 3043, IEEE, NEC, BS depending on location.

- Ensure labeling, documentation, and testing.

12. Tools & Software

- Manual: Schneider Electrical Installation Guide.

- Excel sheets: Custom load & cable sizing tools.

- Software: ETAP, Ecodial, Caneco, PowerCad, Dialux.

- Useful for coordination, discrimination, and sizing.

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