COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

EE PC 327 – ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES

Second Semester – MIDTERM
Academic Year 2024 – 2025
INSTRUCTIONS: Read each question carefully before choosing your answer. Select the best
answer from the options provided. Use a BALLPEN to mark your answers clearly. Encircle the letter
of your best choice. Cheating or any form of dishonesty will result in disciplinary action. Follow
these instructions closely to ensure fairness and accuracy in your exam.

1. What is the primary purpose of a transformer? 9.Transformer impedance is important for:

A) Convert AC to DC A) Voltage regulation and fault current limitation

B) Change voltage levels in an AC circuit B) Reducing efficiency

C) Store electrical energy C) Increasing core losses

D) Convert mechanical energy to electrical energy D) Improving insulation resistance

2.In an ideal transformer, the power output of the secondary 10.What is the purpose of conservator tanks in oil-filled
winding is: transformers?

A) Greater than the primary power input A) Store excess oil and allow for thermal expansion

B) Equal to the primary power input B) Increase insulation resistance

C) Less than the primary power input C) Improve voltage regulation

D) Dependent on the type of core material D) Reduce eddy current losses

3.A transformer operates based on which principle? 11.Which of the following is NOT a reason for transformer
overheating?
A) Ohm’s Law
A) Overloading
B) Electrostatic Induction
B) Poor cooling system
C) Electromagnetic Induction
C) Saturation of the core
D) Kirchhoff’s Laws
D) Higher input frequency
4.If the turns ratio of a transformer is 4:1, it means:
12.Autotransformers have the disadvantage of:
A) The secondary voltage is 4 times the primary voltage
A) Higher copper loss
B) The primary voltage is 4 times the secondary voltage
B) Poor voltage regulation
C) The power output is 4 times the power input
C) No electrical isolation between primary and secondary
D) The primary current is 4 times the secondary current
D) High weight and cost
5.What happens to the flux linkage in a transformer when the
load on the secondary side increases? 13.Which method is most effective for cooling large power
transformers?
A) It remains constant
A) Air cooling
B) It decreases
B) Oil natural air natural (ONAN) cooling
C) It increases slightly
C) Oil forced air forced (OFAF) cooling
D) It becomes zero
D) Dry-type cooling
6.The efficiency of a transformer is generally in the range of:
14.The open-circuit test of a transformer is used to
A) 20 - 40% determine:
B) 50 - 70% A) Copper loss
C) 80 - 90% B) Core loss
D) 95 - 99% C) Efficiency
7.Core losses in a transformer consist of: D) Voltage regulation
A) Copper loss and stray losses 15.A transformer supplying a highly inductive load will
experience:
B) Eddy current loss and hysteresis loss
A) Leading power factor
C) Friction loss and windage loss
B) Lagging power factor
D) Iron loss and dielectric loss
C) Unity power factor
8.The presence of harmonics in transformer operation is
mainly due to: D) No power factor
A) Linear loads 16.A transformer has a primary voltage of 2400V and a
secondary voltage of 240V. What is the turns ratio?
B) Nonlinear loads
A) 10:1
C) Resistance in the winding
B) 1:10
D) Cooling oil circulation
C) 5:1

D) 1:5
17.A 50 kVA transformer has full-load copper losses of 800W 26.A 500 kVA transformer has an iron loss of 1500W and
and iron losses of 600W. What is the efficiency at full load copper loss of 2500W at full load. Determine the efficiency at
and 0.8 power factor? ¾ load and 0.9 power factor.

A) 95.4% A) 97.5%

B) 96.2% B) 96.8%

C) 97.5% C) 95.6%

D) 98.1% D) 94.2%

18.A 200 kVA, 11kV/400V transformer has a leakage 27.A 100 kVA transformer has a rated primary voltage of 11
reactance of 4%. What is the per-unit reactance? kV and a secondary voltage of 400V. If the primary resistance
is 3Ω and the leakage reactance is 5Ω, calculate the voltage
A) 0.02 pu drop due to these impedances at full load, 0.8 lagging power
factor.
B) 0.04 pu
A) 210V
C) 0.08 pu
B) 375V
D) 0.10 pu
C) 560V
19.A transformer draws 2A at 230V during an open-circuit
test. If the power input is 100W, what is the core loss D) 685V
resistance?
28.A 200 kVA, 50 Hz transformer has a core loss of 1200W. If
A) 1058Ω the frequency is increased to 60 Hz while maintaining the
same flux density, what will be the new core loss (assuming it
B) 1150Ω
varies proportionally with frequency)?
C) 1325Ω
A) 1000W
D) 1450Ω
B) 1440W
20.The percentage impedance of a transformer is 5%. If the
C) 1680W
transformer is rated 500 kVA, what is the short-circuit current
at rated voltage? D) 1920W
A) 10 kA 29.A single-phase transformer has a no-load current of 5A at
230V and a power factor of 0.3. Calculate the iron loss of the
B) 5 kA
transformer.
C) 1 kA
A) 240W
D) 2 kA
B) 315W
21.A transformer with an efficiency of 96% delivers 10 kW at
C) 345W
full load. What is the power input?
D) 425W
A) 10.42 kW
30.A 500 kVA transformer has 6% impedance. Calculate the
B) 10.20 kW
fault current when a short circuit occurs at the secondary
C) 10.10 kW terminals.

D) 9.80 kW A) 5000 A

22.The primary winding of a transformer has 2000 turns, and B) 8333 A

the secondary has 100 turns. If the input voltage is 400V,
C) 10,000 A
what is the output voltage?
D) 12,500 A
A) 10V
31.The equivalent resistance and reactance of a 100 kVA, 11
B) 20V
kV/400V transformer are 0.02Ω and 0.08Ω, respectively.
C) 40V Calculate the per-unit impedance.

D) 80V A) 0.05 pu

23.A transformer has a core loss of 500W and copper loss of B) 0.06 pu
750W. What is the efficiency at half load and 0.8 power
C) 0.07 pu
factor?
D) 0.08 pu
A) 92.5%
32.A 100 kVA transformer supplies a load of 75 kW at 0.85
B) 93.8%
power factor lagging. If the efficiency at this loading condition
C) 94.2% is 96%, determine the total losses in the transformer.

D) 95.0% A) 2400W

24.A single-phase transformer has a full-load voltage B) 2800W

regulation of 5% at 0.8 power factor lagging. If the no-load
C) 3125W
secondary voltage is 230V, what is the full-load secondary
voltage? D) 3500W
A) 218.5V 33.A 250 kVA transformer has a full-load copper loss of
3000W. What is the copper loss at half-load?
B) 220V
A) 500W
C) 225V
B) 750W
D) 230V
C) 1000W
25.A 3-phase transformer is rated at 100 kVA with a primary
voltage of 13.8 kV and a secondary voltage of 480V. What is D) 1250W
the primary line current?
34.A three-phase transformer has a delta-wye connection. If
A) 4.18A the primary voltage is 13.8 kV line-to-line, what is the
secondary phase voltage if the turns ratio is 20:1?
B) 5.25A

C) 6.45A

D) 7.10A
A) 230V 43.A 100 kVA transformer has a primary resistance of 1.2Ω
and a secondary resistance of 0.015Ω. If the turns ratio is
B) 400V 20:1, calculate the equivalent resistance referred to the
primary side.
C) 480V

D) 690V
A) 1.5Ω
35.A transformer is rated 250 kVA, 6600/400V. The short-
circuit test results show that the full-load copper loss is 4 kW. B) 1.8Ω
Calculate the secondary full-load current.
C) 2.1Ω
A) 312.5A
D) 2.4Ω
B) 416.7A
44.A single-phase transformer has a secondary full-load
C) 520.8A current of 100A. If the equivalent resistance referred to the
secondary is 0.05Ω, calculate the full-load copper loss.
D) 625.0A
A) 250W
36.A 10 MVA transformer has a leakage reactance of 0.08 per
unit. If the rated primary voltage is 22 kV, calculate the B) 400W
actual leakage reactance in ohms.
C) 500W
A) 4.1Ω
D) 600W
B) 5.2Ω
45.The short-circuit test on a 100 kVA transformer shows a
C) 6.3Ω voltage of 500V required to circulate full-load current. The
input power is 2500W. What is the percentage resistance
D) 7.4Ω
drop?
37.A 5 MVA transformer has a voltage regulation of 4% at full
A) 1.5%
load and 0.8 power factor lagging. If the no-load secondary
voltage is 11 kV, determine the full-load secondary voltage. B) 2.0%
A) 10,480V C) 2.5%
B) 10,560V D) 3.0%
C) 10,600V 46.A 150 kVA transformer has a percentage reactance of 6%.
What is the short-circuit current if the secondary voltage is
D) 10,800V
400V?
38.The total iron loss of a transformer at 50 Hz is 800W. If
A) 2.5 kA
the transformer is operated at 60 Hz with the same voltage,
determine the new iron loss assuming hysteresis loss is B) 3.75 kA
proportional to frequency and eddy current loss is
proportional to the square of frequency. C) 5.0 kA

A) 864W D) 6.25 kA

B) 960W 47.A 250 kVA transformer has a total loss of 5 kW at full load.
Determine the all-day efficiency if it operates at full load for 6
C) 1024W hours and at half load for 18 hours, with a load power factor
of 0.85.
D) 1080W
A) 91.5%
39.A 200 kVA transformer has a full-load efficiency of 97%. If
the copper losses at full load are 1200W, determine the core B) 93.2%
loss.
C) 95.0%
A) 300W
D) 96.8%
B) 400W
48.A power transformer has an efficiency of 98% at full load,
C) 600W 0.9 power factor. If the copper losses are equal to the iron
losses, determine the total loss.
D) 800W
A) 1000W
40.A 400V/200V transformer has a full-load regulation of 4%
at 0.8 power factor lagging. If the no-load secondary voltage B) 1500W
is 200V, determine the full-load secondary voltage.
C) 2000W
A) 192V
D) 2500W
B) 196V
49.A 20 kVA transformer has a leakage reactance of 3%.
C) 198V Calculate the short-circuit current if the rated secondary
voltage is 240V.
D) 202V
A) 250A
41.A 3-phase transformer bank consists of three 50 kVA
single-phase transformers connected in delta-wye. What is B) 33A
the total kVA rating of the bank?
C) 500A
A) 50 kVA
D) 66
B) 86.6 kVA
50.A 10 MVA transformer has a no-load loss of 30 kW and
C) 100 kVA full-load copper loss of 40 kW. Determine the efficiency at
half-load and 0.9 power factor.
D) 150 kVA
A) 96.8%
42.A transformer has a full-load copper loss of 2 kW and an
iron loss of 1.5 kW. At what load (in percentage of full load) is B) 97.2%
the efficiency maximum?
C) 97.6%
A) 50%
D) 98.0%
B) 60%

C) 70%

D) 80%

GODSPEED!!!