DISTINGUISH TYPE QUESTIONS:

1. Differentiate mass and weight.

# Mass Weight
1 Fundamental quantity Derived quantity
2 Unit is kilogram (kg) Unit is newton (N)
3 Scalar quantity Vector quantity
4 Remain same Change from place to place
5 Measures by physical balance Measured by spring balance
6 Mass is amount of matter Weight is gravitational pull acting on
contained in a body the body.

2. Differentiate convex lens and concave lens.

# Convex lens Concave lens
1 Thicker in the middle and thinner Thinner in the middle and thicker at
at the edges the edges
2 Converging lens Diverging lens
3 It forms real image It forms virtual image
4 It is used to treat hypermetropia It is used to treat myopia

3. Differentiate the eye defects: Myopia and Hypermetropia

# Myopia Hypermetropia
1 It is short sightedness It is long sightedness
2. Person cannot see distant object Person cannot see nearer objects
clearly clearly
3 Lengthening of eye ball Shortening of eye ball
4. Image is formed in front of the Image is formed behind the retina
retina
5. Far point is less than infinity Near point is greater than 25 cm

6. Corrected by using concave lens Corrected by using convex lens

7. The required focal length is The required focal length is
𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝑫
f= f = 𝒅−𝑫
𝒙−𝒚
8 Distance between lens and retina Distance between lens and retina
increases decreases

4. Distinguish between ideal gas and real gas.

# Ideal gas Real gas
1 Atoms or molecules of a gas do Atoms or molecules of a gas interact
not interact with each other with each other
2 Intermolecular force absent Intermolecular force present
3 Do not have definite volume Have definite volume
4 Elastic collision Inelastic collision
5 Obey ideal gas equation at all Obey ideal gas equation at certain
condition condition
5. Distinguish between linear, areal or superficial expansion.
Linear expansion Areal or superficial expansion
Increase in the length of the body Increase in the area of the body due
due to heating to heating

6. Distinguish between the resistivity and conductivity of a conductor.

Resistivity Conductivity
Resistance per unit length. Conductance per unit length.

SI unit is ohm meter SI unit is ohm-1meter-1

Reciprocal of conductivity Reciprocal of resistivity

7. Differentiate between series and parallel circuits

Series circuit Parallel circuit
Total resistance is higher than the Total resistance is lower than the
highest resistance lowest resistance
Current is less Current is more
If one appliance is disconnected other If one appliance is disconnected,
appliances do not work other will work independently

8. Distinguish between Sound wave and light waves.

Sound wave Light waves
Medium is required of the Medium is not required for the
propagation propagation
Longitudinal wave Transverse waves
Wave length range is Wave length range is
1.65 cm to 1.65 m 4 x 10-7 m to 7 x 10 -7 m
Speed of sound at NTP is 340 ms-1 Speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 108 ms-1

9. Write any three features of natural and artificial radioactivity.

Natural radioactivity Artificial radioactivity
Self disintegration Induced disintegration
Alpha, Beta, gamma radiations are Neutrons, positrons are emitted
emitted
Spontaneous process Non spontaneous process
Cannot be controlled Can be controlled
Atomic number of elements Atomic number of elements
should be greater than 83 could be less than 83
10. Explain the process of controlled and uncontrolled chain reactions.
Controlled chain reaction Uncontrolled chain reaction
The number of neutrons released is The number of neutrons released
maintained to be one. multiplies rapidly
The extra neutrons are absorbed The extra neutrons not are absorbed
The reaction is take place in a The reaction is take place in a
controlled manner uncontrolled manner
Energy released is used for Energy released is used for destruction
construction
Used in nuclear reactor Used in atom bomb

11. Compare the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiations.

𝜶- rays 𝜷- rays 𝜸 – rays
They contain helium They contain electrons They contain photons
nuclei. They are electromagnetic
wave
Positively charged Negatively charged No charge
Very high ionization Low ionization power Very low ionization
power power
Very low penetrating Low penetrating power Very high penetrating
power power.
Deflected by both electric Deflected by both electric Do not deflected by
and magnetic field and magnetic field both electric and
magnetic field
Travel with speed very Travel with low speed Travel with speed of
low speed light

12. Differentiate Nuclear fission and Nuclear Fusion.

NUCLEAR FISSION NUCLEAR FUSION
Heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei Two lighter combine into heavier
nucleus
Take place at room temperature Take place at very high temperature.
(107 K to 109 K)
Alpha, beta and gamma rays are Alpha rays , positrons, neutrinos are
released released
Gamma rays cause genetic disorder Only heat and light are released
13. Give the difference between Atoms and molecules.
Atoms Molecules
Atoms are smallest particles of Molecules are the smallest particles of
elements. elements or compounds
Atoms does not exist freely Molecules exist freely
Atoms are highly reactive Molecules are less reactive.
Atoms does not contains chemical Molecules contains chemical bond.
bond
14. Give the difference between homo atomic and hetero atomic molecules.
Homo atomic molecules Hetero atomic molecules

Molecules made up of same type of Molecules made up of different type of

atoms are called homo atomic atoms are called homo atomic
molecules molecules
Eg: Ozone molecule – O3 Eg: Water molecule - H2O

15. What is aqueous and non-aqueous solution? Give an example.

Aqueous solution Non – Aqueous solution
A solution in which water act as A solution in which any liquid other
solvent is called Aqueous solution than water act as solvent is called
Non- Aqueous solution
Example: Example:
i)Sugar in water i) Sulphur in (CS2)
ii) glucose in water ii) Iodine in CCl4

16. In what way hygroscopic substances differ from deliquescent substances.

Hygroscopic substances Deliquescent substances
When exposed to the atmospheric air at When exposed to the atmospheric air at
ordinary temperature, absorb moisture ordinary temperature, absorb moisture
and do not dissolve. and dissolve.
Do not change their physical state. Change their physical state.
They are amorphous solid or liquids They are crystalline solids

Example: Silica gel Example : Caustic Soda or NaOH

17. Differentiate reversible and irreversible reactions

REVERSIBLE REACTION IRREVERSIBLE REACTION
It can be reversed It cannot be reversed
Both forward and backward reaction take Only forward reaction takes place
place at the same time
Reaction is slow Reaction is fast
Attain equilibrium Do not attain equilibrium
Reactants are completely converted to Reactant are not completely converted to
product products
18. Give the difference between combination and decomposition reaction.
Combination reaction Decomposition reaction
One or more reactants combine to form A single compound decompose into
a single compound. two or more products.
Energy is released Energy is absorbed
Reactant is element or compound Reactant is compound.

19. Differentiate soaps and detergents.

Soap Detergents
Soaps are long chain sodium salt of Detergents are Sodium salt of
fatty acid sulphonic acid
Ionic part is -COO- Na+ Ionic part is −𝑆𝑂3− 𝑁𝑎+
Soaps are biodegradable Detergents are non bio degradable
Soap cannot used hard water Detergents can be used in hard water
Less foaming capacity More forming capacity
Soaps form scum in hard water Detergents do not form scum in hard
water