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The document discusses various paradigms and designs in qualitative research, including positivism, interpretivism, critical theory, and pragmatism, which shape methodologies for studying human experiences and social phenomena. It outlines specific qualitative research designs such as ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and case studies, each offering unique insights into cultural contexts and lived experiences. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of these designs and paradigms in providing a comprehensive understanding of complex issues through qualitative inquiry.

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34 views4 pages

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The document discusses various paradigms and designs in qualitative research, including positivism, interpretivism, critical theory, and pragmatism, which shape methodologies for studying human experiences and social phenomena. It outlines specific qualitative research designs such as ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and case studies, each offering unique insights into cultural contexts and lived experiences. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of these designs and paradigms in providing a comprehensive understanding of complex issues through qualitative inquiry.

Uploaded by

Sadia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Various paradigms and designs are helpful in qualitative research study of human

experiences and social phenomena. Some of main paradigms are positivism, interpretivism,

critical theory, and pragmatism. In this regard, qualitative research designs such as

phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, and case studies allow for an in-depth analysis of

the data (Astalin, 2013).

Question No 2

Types of Qualitative Research Designs

Design in qualitative research refers to a general way of thinking toward conducting

qualitative research. It describes, either explicitly or implicitly, the purpose of the qualitative

research. The qualitative research approach is located in an interpretive paradigm. It is derived

from the constructivist theory that argues knowledge is subjective because of the different

perceptions about the environment by people (Muzari et al.,2022). For example, ethnography is

observation and participation in a culture or social group to understand practices, beliefs, and

interactions from an inside perspective (Fansury & Rampeng, 2023). This design is good for

deep insights into cultural contexts and social dynamics.

On the other hand, phenomenology is an approach that seeks to explore how subjects of

study experience and make meaning of life experiences. It is a qualitative approach that focuses

on studying the essence of phenomena and lived experiences of people (Finlay, 2022). Grounded

theory is another type of qualitative design that entails developing theory based on data

collection and analysis. It seeks to determine the emergence of patterns, concepts, and categories

from the data and eventually establish a theoretical framework based on the empirical evidence.
This approach is good for generating new theories where existing ones are not able to explain

specific phenomena (Morse, 2020). The case study provides an intensive study of one instance,

event, or individual; thus, it gives a full insight into the studied phenomenon within a specific

context. This method allows researchers to explore the complexities and unique aspects of the

case in great detail (Nasri, 2023).

Question No 3

Types of Research Paradigms

Over the last couple of years, research paradigms have played a pivotal role in shaping

scientific inquiry and deciphering reality's diverse dimensions. The major types of research

paradigms are positivism, interpretivism, critical theory, and pragmatism. Positivism revolves

around the belief in an objective reality. It is concerned with empirical observation and the

application of a set of rules in the form of the scientific method to find out the truth and establish

causal relationships. Thus, it is prevalent in natural sciences. On the other side, interpretivism

deals with gaining an understanding of subjective meanings and experiences of people. In the

nuanced aspects of human perspectives and social interactions, this paradigm values qualitative

methods most appropriately, realizing researchers as active interpreters of data (Rahman, 2023).

Critical theory is power dynamics and social injustices, usually unveiled with qualitative

methods to explore structural inequalities that will change society. This paradigm is relevant to

research that seeks to deal with issues of justice and systemic injustices. On this end, pragmatism

emphasizes practical outcomes, with an admixture of qualitative and quantitative methods in the

process. Thus, pragmatism considers the generation of context-specific knowledge and applies it

toward the solving of problems within the real world, therefore able to fill the gap between
theory and practice. Each of these paradigms provides another dimension of view through which

a researcher can carry out his/her studies, each one influencing how one is going to collect data,

analyze it, and present the information (Rahman, 2023).

Conclusion

Qualitative research designs provide in-depth insight into human experiences and social

phenomena. Each is directed by specific paradigms that subsequently shape methodologies,

including how data will be collected, analyzed, and interpreted. In doing so, there is

comprehensive exploration and understanding of complex issues that add depth and relevance to

the findings.

References

Astalin, P.K., 2013. Qualitative research designs: A conceptual framework. International journal

of social science & interdisciplinary research, 2(1), pp.118-124.

Fansury, A.H. and Rampeng, R., 2023. ETHNOGRAPHY RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL: A

LITERATURE REVIEW. Teaching English as a Foreign Language Overseas Journal, 11(2),

pp.70-77.

Finlay, L., 2022. The phenomenological use of self in integrative psychotherapy: Applying

philosophy to practice. International Journal of Integrative Psychotherapy, 12, pp.114-141

Morse, J., 2020. The changing face of qualitative inquiry. International Journal of Qualitative

Methods, 19, p.1609406920909938.


Muzari, T., Shava, G.N. and Shonhiwa, S., 2022. Qualitative research paradigm, a key research

design for educational researchers, processes and procedures: A theoretical overview. Indiana

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), pp.14-20.

Nasri, U., 2023. Exploring Qualitative Research: A Comprehensive Guide to Case Study

Methodology. Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Islam, 4(3), pp.72-85.

Rahman, M.M., 2023. Navigating the landscape of research paradigms: An overview and

critique. Available at SSRN 4392879

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