CHAPTER 1.

 High - context communicator --> Inituitive; contemplate

culture:

 Low - context communicators --> logical, analytical, action

culture: oriented

 Handheld wireless A lightweight, handheld smartphone that provides

device: phone, email, Web browsing, and calendar options
anywhere there is a wireless network.

 Nonterritorial office An office that doesn't belong to a specific person; the

first to arrive gets the best desk and the corner
window

 Open office A fluid, flexible, open workspace, often with

breakout areas for impromptu meetings and digital
databases

 Soft skill: Essential career attributes that include the ability to

communicate, work well with others, solve
problems, make ethical decisions and appreciate
diversity

 Teleconferencing: Telephone "bridges" that allow 2 or more callers

from any location to share the same call; also called
"autoconferencing" or voice conferencing.

 Tweet: A short message of up to 140 characters sent via

Twitter

 Uptalk: Making declarative statements sound like question

 Video phones: Phones that use advanced video compression

technology to transmit realtime audio and video so
that communicators can see each other as they
collaborate

 Virtual team: A team comprised of members who are in remote

locations and who communicate almost exclusively
 electronically
 Voice recognition: Technology that enables users to create documents,
enter data, compose and send e-mails, browse the
Web, and control the desktop by voice

 VoIP: “Voice over Internet Protocol"; using a broadband

Internet connection to communicate.

 Web Conferencing/ Technology that allows individuals, using a

Webinar: computer and an Internet connection, to hold a
meeting in real time.

 Anytime, Anywhere An office requires only a mobile phone and a

Office: wireless computers

CHAPTER 2. PLANNING BUSSINESS MESSAGES:

 Adapting: Trying to think the right words and the right tone that
will win your audience’s approval.

 Analyzing: Determining the audience and your purpose for

writing

 Anticipate: Predicting how your audience will react to your

message

 Audience focused emphasis on receiver benefits

perspective:

 Bias – free Expressions that do not stereotype or show bias in

language: terms of gender, race, ethnicity, age, or disability.

 Channel: The medium over which a message is transmitted

 Empathy: Adapting your message to the receiver’s needs by

putting yourself in that person’s shoes.

 Evaluating: Deciding whether your message accomplishes your

goal

 Media richness: A theory that describes the extent to which a channel

or medium recreates or represents all the information
 available in the original message.
 Plain language: Using clear, concise language that avoids showy
words, long sentences, and confusing expressions

 Positive language: Language that creates goodwill and gives more

options to receivers than negative language.

 Prewriting: The first stage in the writing process; includes

analyzing, anticipating, and adapting messages to fit
their purpose and audience.

 Primary audience: The audience for whom a message is written

 Profiling: Visualizing your audience

 Proofreading: Checking a document carefully to ensure correct

spelling, grammar, punctuation, and format.

 Revising: The third phase of the writing process; includes

revising, proofreading, and evaluating; also includes
testing a message for clarity, conciseness, tone, and
readability.

 Secondary Someone other than the primary audience who may

audience: read your message.

 Tone: Reflects the feeling that people receive upon hearing

or reading a message; conveyed largely by the words
used.
 Vigorous words: Strong verbs and concrete nouns that give receivers
more information and keep them interested.

CHAPTER 3. COMPOSING BUSINESS MESSAGES:

 Active voice: Sentences in which the subject is the doer of the
action.

 Clause: Related group of words that has a subject and verb

 Comma splice: A sentence error that results when a writer joins two
 independent clauses with a comma.

 Complex sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause and a

dependent clause, often introduced by a subordinate
conjunction.

 Compound Sentence that contains two complete but unrelated

sentence: thoughts joined by a conjunction, a semicolon, or a
conjunctive adverb.

 Compound – A sentence that contains at least two independent

Complex sentence: clauses and one dependent clause.

 Dangling modifier: A modifier dangles when the word or phrase it

describes is missing from the sentence

 Dependent clause: A group of words with subject and verb that depend
for meaning on an independent clause; cannot stand
alone.

 Direct strategy: An organizational pattern in which the main idea

comes first, followed by details, an explanation, or
evidence.

 Formal Research: Techniques such as searching resources in public and

college library, accessing electronic information,
going directly to the source, and conducting scientific
experiments.

 Fragment A sentence error that results when a broken-off part

of a complex sentence is punctuated as if it were a
complete sentence.

 Freewriting: : Getting your thoughts down quickly during the

writing process.

 Frontloading: Another name for the direct strategy, which places

the main idea first.

 Fused sentence: A sentence error that results when two independent

clauses are incorrectly joined (fused) together
without a conjunction or a semicolon; also called a
"run-on sentence".

 Grouping: An organizational process that groups similar ideas

 together, following a sequence that helps the reader
understand relationships and accept the writer's
views.

 Independent clause: A clause that expresses a complete thought and can

stand alone.

 Indirect strategy: An organizational pattern in which the main idea

comes later in a message, after the details,
explanation, or evidence.

 Informal research: Techniques such as looking in the files, talking with a

supervisor, interviewing a target audience,
conducting an informal survey, or brainstorming for
ideas

 Misplaced A modifier is misplaced when the word or phrase it

modifiers: describes is not close enough to be clear.

 Outline: A hierarchal structure that helps to organize ideas.

 Paragraph: A group of sentences about one idea.

 Parallelism: A writing technique that uses similar construction,

such as "researching, organizing, and writing" to
achieve balanced writing.

 Passive voice: Sentences in which the subject is acted upon, such as

"The press release was read by Monica"

 Research: Collecting needed information before writing a

message.

 Run – on sentence: A sentence error that results when two independent

clauses are incorrectly joined (fused) together
without a conjunction or a semicolon; also called a
'fused sentence'

 Simple sentence: A sentence that contains one complete thought with a

subject and a predicate.

 Support sentences: Sentences that illustrate, explain, or strengthen the

topic sentence
  Topic sentence: A sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph.

 Buried verbs: A verb that is needlessly converted to a wordy noun

expression.

 Bulleted list: A vertical list used to highlight items that don't

necessarily show a chronology or order.

 Cliché: An expression that has become exhausted by overuse

 Concrete nouns: Nouns that name objects that can be easily visualized
or imagined

 Flabby expression: A wordy expression

 Jargon: Special terminology that is peculiar to a particular

activity or profession

 Left – aligned: A margin style in which every line begins at the left
margin, with a ragged right margin

 Justified: A margin style in which lines are flush at both the

left and right margins.

 Ragged right: A margin style in which every line begins at the left
margin, without right margin justification

 Redundancy: An expression that repeats meaning or includes

unnecessary words.

 Skim value: Allows a reader to browse a document quickly and

grasp main ideas

 Typeface: the shape of text characters

.
CHAPTER 4. (CH5) ELECTRONIC MESSAGES AND DIGITAL
MEDIA
 Attachment: A file attached to an e-mail message

 Bcc line: Guide word in an e-mail message that stands for

"blind carbon copy"; sends a copy of the message
without the addressee's

 Blanket copies: Copies of an e-mail message sent unnecessarily to a

large number of recipients

 Blog: A Web site with journal entries usually written by

one person with comments added by other

 Blogrolling: Providing links to other sites or blogs on the Web

that you find valuable and that are related to your
business or industry; a way to attract repeat visitors
to your blog

 CC line: Guide word in an e-mail message that stands for

"carbon copy" or "courtesy copy"; where you type
the address of anyone who is to receive a copy of the
message

 Cloud computing: Storing and accessing information and software

applications in remote network clusters, or "clouds"

 Evaluating: Deciding whether your message accomplishes your

goal

 E- mail: Messages transmitted through computers and

networks; an essential means of communication
within organization as well as with customers and
suppliers
 Electronic Messages sent electronically, including e-mail,
messages: instant messages, text messages and messages
exchanged through podcasts, blogs, and wikis

 Forwarding: Sending an e-mail message you received to a third

party.

 Frontloading: Revealing the main idea immediately

 Guide words: The "To, From, Date," and "Subject" lines in an e-
mail message

 IM: A communication tool that allows you to use the

Internet to communicate in real time in private chat
rooms with one or more individuals

 Interoffice A paper-based internal communication channel used

memorandum: primarily to convey confidential information,
emphasize ideas, deliver lengthy documents, or lend
importance to a message

 Malware: Malicious software designed to disrupt the operation

of a network or computer

 Metadata: Information tags or keywords

 Netiquette: Rules of etiquette for polite interaction on the

Internet

 Paper – based Printed messages including business letters and

messages: memos

 Phising: The fraudulent use of email to persuade recipients to

disclose personal information

 Podcast: A digital media file that is distributed over the

Internet and downloaded on portable media players,
personal computers, and other devices

 RSS: Stands for "really simply syndication"; allows the

distribution of current information published in
podcasts, blogs, video files, and news items

 Shouting: Writing an entire e-mail message in all caps

 Signature block: The closing portion of an e-mail message that

contains the sender's name and contact information

 SMS: Stands for "short message service"; a service

supplied by cell phone service providers that allows
texting

 Social Tool that helps users search, organize, manage, and

 bookmarking: store bookmarks on the Web with the help of
metadata

 Social networking: Using Web sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and

Twitter that enable business to connect with
customers and employees, share company news, and
exchange ideas

 Spam: Unsolicited advertisements sent by fax or e-mail

 Spim: Spam (unsolicited advertisements) sent via instant

messaging

 Subject line: Probably the most important part of an e-mail

message or memo; summarizes the central idea and
provides quick identification for reading or filing

 Text messaging/ A communication tool use to exchange brief

Texting: messages in real time, usually delivered by
smartphone

 Thread: A sequence of messages sent via e-mail or posted to a

discussion board covering a topic of discussion

 Top – of – screen Tests what a reader will see first when an e-mail
test: message is opened

 Virus: A self-replicating computer program that is secretly

introduced into a system in order to corrupt it or
destroy data

 VPN: Stands for "virtual private network"; offers secure

access to company information from any location in
the world that offers Internet access

 Web 2.0: A dynamic, interactive environment on the Web

where users can create content, review products, and
edit and share information

 Wiki: Web site that enables multiple users to

collaboratively create and edit pages
CHAPTER 5. (CH10) INFORMAL REPORT
 Analytical reports Reports that provides data, analyses, and
conclusions; may also provide recommendations
and may intend to persuade readers to act or to
change their beliefs

 Business report Systematic attempt to convey information, answer

questions, and solve problems.

 Credible Capable of being believed

 Digital format Format that allows writers to produce and

distribute reports in electronic form; used when
reports will be projected or viewed electronically,
edited digitally, or uploaded to the Web or a
company intranet

 Direct strategy An organizational strategy in which the purpose

for writing is placed close to the beginning.

 Excecutive summary Summarizes a long report, proposal, or business

plan, concentrating on what management needs
to know from a longer report

 Feasiblitity reports Reports that help a company decide whether to

proceed with a plan of action

 Formal writing style A style used when writing to clients or other

important audiences about controversial or
complex topics; uses third-person, passive-voice
verbs, complex sentences, and long words

 Functional headings Headings (such as "Introduction," "Discussion of

Findings", and "Conclusion") that describe
functions or general topics help the writer outline
a report but provide little insight for readers.

 Indirect strategy An organizational strategy in which the

conclusions and recommendations, if
recommended, appear at the end of the report

 Informal writing style A style used when writing to familiar audiences

about noncontroversial topics; uses first-person
pronouns, contractions, active-voice verbs,
 shorter sentences, and familiar words

 Informational reports Reports that collect and organize information;

also called "investigative reports"; record routine
activities (daily, weekly, monthly reports of sales
or profits); to investigate option/ performance/
equipment; does not analysize information or
recommend.

 Investigative reports = Informational Reports

 Justification/ Solicited reports offer analysis in addition to data;

recommendation to solve problems by evaluating options and
reports offering recommendations

 Letter format An appropriate format for short (usually eight or

fewer pages) informal addressed outside an
organization; prepared on a company's letterhead
stationery.

 Manuscript format An appropriate format for longer, more formal

reports

 Memo format An appropriate format for short, informal reports

that stay within organizations

 Minutes A record of the proceedings of a meeting

 Objective Writing that is undistorted by emotion or

personal bias

 Preprinted forms A report format used for repetitive data, such as

monthly sales reports, performance appraisals,
merchandise inventories, and personnel and
financial reports

 Primary data Data that result from firsthand experience and

observation

 Progress reports Reports that monitor the headway of unusual or

nonroutine activities

 Report headings Used to outline the text of a report, highlight

major ideas and categories, act as guides for
locating facts and pointing the way through the
 text, and break up large chunks of text into
manageable and inviting segments

 Secondary data Data that come from what others have experienced
or observed and written down

 Statement of purpose A statement that defines your purpose for writing

a report.

 Summaries Reports that condense the primary ideas,

conclusions, and recommendations of longer
reports or publications

 Talking headings Headings (such as "Employees Strongly Support

Amendment" or "Long-Term Parking Plan") that
describe content and provide information to the
reader

 Trip reports Reports in which business travelers identify the

event they attended or the company they visited

CHAPTER 6. (CH11) FORMAL REPORT

 Appendix: Part of report that contains supplementary or
supporting information needed to clarify a report

 Authorization request The section of a proposal that requests approval

or authorization

 Background, problem The section of a proposal that identifies the

purpose problem and discusses the goals or purposes of
the project

 Bar chart A graphic that enables you to make emphatic

visual comparisons by using horizontal and
vertical bars of varying lengths.

 Best case/ worst case An organizational pattern in which you describe

the best and the worst possible outcomes

 Bibliographic index Indexes to article titles in general-interest and

specialized newspapers and periodicals
 Bibliography Lists all sources consulted in the research project;
called "Works Cited" if using MLA style and
"References" if using APA style

 Blog An online diary or journal that can be used by

business researchers, students, politicians, the
media, and others to share and gather
information

 Budget The section of a proposal that lists the proposed

project costs

 Chronological An organizational pattern in which information is

sequenced along a time frame.
A résumé that lists work history job by job,
starting with the most recent position, has been
prepared using the chronological style

 Citation formats
A method such as Modern Language Association
(MLA) or American Psychological Association
(APA) used to direct readers to your sources
pwith parenthetical notes inserted into the text
and with bibliographies or works-cited lists

 Compare/ Contrast An organizational pattern in which a problem is

presented, followed by alternative solutions

 Conclusion Tell what the report findings mean, particularly

in terms of solving the original problem

 Convention An organizational pattern in which information is

organized using a prescribed plan that all readers
understand

 Data Can be primary or secondary; primary data result

from firsthand experience and observation, and
secondary data come from reading what others
have experienced and observed

 Deliverables Items that will be left with the client at the end of a
project
 Discussion of findings The main section of a report that discusses,
analyzes, interprets, and evaluates the research
findings or solution to the initial problem

 Documentation Giving credit to your information sources

 Electronic database A collection of information stored electronically

so that it is accessible by computer and digitally
searchable

 Executive summary A time-saving device that summarizes (concisely

reveal) the report’s major sections including
purpose, key points, background, findings, and
conclusions and recommendation of a report.

 Experimentation A research tool used to produce primary data

that suggests causes and effects

 External proposal A proposal written for an audience outside a

company as a means of selling equipment and
services

 FAQ
Stands for "Frequently Asked Questions"; a list of
common questions and answers about a search
tool or Web site.
 Flowchart A graphic used to simplify and clarify procedures
by diagramming them.

 Formal proposal Longer proposals (from 5 to over 200 pages) that

respond to big projects; include additional
components, such as a letter of transmittal, a title
page, a table of contents, and an appendix.

 Formal report Reports that represent the product of thorough

investigation or analysis and present organized
information to decision makers in business,
industry, government, and education

 Functional style A résumé that focuses on a candidate’s skills

rather than on past employment has been
prepared using the functional style

 Front matter The pages in a report that precede the body of the
 report, including title page, letter or memo of
transmittal, table of contents, list of figures, and
executive summary; also called "prefatory pages"
or "preliminaries"

 Geographical/ spatial An organizational pattern in which information is

arranged by physical location

 Importance An organizational pattern in which information is

arranged from most important to least
important or from least to most important

 Informal proposal A proposal presented in short (two- to four-page)

letters; sometimes called "letter proposals"; often
include an introduction; a background and
purpose statement; a proposal, plan, and
schedule; staffing requirments; a budget
showing project costs; and a conclusion

 Internal proposal A proposal, often taking the form of a justification

or recommendation report, that is written for
audiences within a company

 Interviews A research tool used to collect primary data by

conducting in-person, telephone, or online
conversations with in-house and outside experts

 Introduction The section of a proposal that explains briefly the

reasons for the proposal and highlights the writer's
qualifications; the introduction to a report sets the
scene and announces the subject

 Journalism An organizational pattern in which information is

arranged in paragraphs devoted to "who," "what,"
"when," "where," "why,", and "how"

 Leaders
Spaced or unspaced dots that help guide the eye
from the heading to the page number in a table
of contents

 Letter of transmittal A letter written to the recipient of the report;

presents an overview of the report, suggests how to
read it, describes limitations, acknowledges
 assistance, and expresses appreciation

 Letter proposal = “informal proposals”

 Line chart
A graphic used to illustrate trends and changes in
data over time

 List of figures A list of figures or illustrations that appear in

report

 Memo of transmittal A memo written to the recipient of the report;

presents an overview of the report, suggests how to
read it, describes limitations, acknowledges
assistance, and expresses appreciation

 Newsgroup An online discussion group centered around a

specific topic, interest, or profession

 Observation A research tool used to collect primary data by

watching and analyzing people, events, or
activities

 Open – ended An interview question that requires a more detailed

question response than a simple "yes" or "no"

 Organization chart A graphic that shows the chain of command

within an organization

 Outline Divides a top into major sections and supports

those sections with details.

 Paraphrase
Putting information into your own words and in
your own style
 Periodical Magazines, pamphlets, and journals that are
published recurrently

 Pie chart A graphic used to show the proportion or parts

of a whole

 Plagiarism Using the ideas of someone else without giving

credit and is unethical.

 Prefactory pages ="front matter" or "preliminaries"

 Preliminaries = “front matter”

 Primary data Data that result from firsthand experience and

observation

 Proposal A persuasive document designed to motivate the

reader to spend, make, or save money; written to
solve problems, provide services, or sell
equipment

 Proposal, plan, The section of a proposal that discusses your

purpose specific plan or proposal for solving a problem.

 Recommendations Suggest a course of action to be taken after a

report is read.

 RFP (Request for Prepared by firms and governmental agencies

proposal) when they know exactly what they want; the
RFP specifies their requirements and solicits
competitive bids from vendors

 Scope Clarifies the boundaries of the report, defining

what will be included and excluded

 Search engine A tool such as Google, Bing, Yahoo Search, AOL,

or Ask.com used to search for specific sites and
information on the Web; also called a "search
tool"

 Search tool = “search engine”

 Secondary data
Data that come from reading what others have
experienced or observed and written down
 Significance Tells why a topic is important

 Simple/ complex An organizational pattern in which you begin with

a simple concept and proceed to more complex
ideas

 Social networks Sites such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter that

can be used by businesses to enable teams to form
spontaneously and naturally and then to assign
targeted projects to them
 Solicited proposal An external proposal written in response to a
request for proposals (RFP)

 Staffing The section of a proposal that describes the

credentials and expertise of project leaders, the
size and qualifications of the support staff, and
other resources such as computer facilities

 Statement of purpose A statement that describes the goal, significance,

and limitations of a report

 Supplementary parts The pages in a report that follow the body of the
report, including works cited, references, or
bibliography and appendix

 Surveys A research tool used to collect primary data from

groups of people

 Table Graphic used to present quantitative or verbal

information in a systematic order of columns and
rows.

 Table of contents The part of a business report that shows the report
headings and their page numbers

 Title page Shows the title, the author, the individual or

organization who authorized the report, the
recipient of the report, and the date

 Topical/ functional An organizational pattern in which information is

arranged by topic or function

 Unsolicited proposal An external proposal that has been written

without being requested by the intended audience

 URL Stands for "Uniform Resource Locator," which is a

Web site address

 Value/ size An organizational pattern in which you start with

the most valuable, biggest, or most important
item and discuss other items in descending order.

 Web browser A software program such as Microsoft Internet

Explorer, Safari, or Mozilla Firefox that enables
you to view the graphics and text of, as well as
 access links to, Web pages

 Work plan Have five parts: A statement of the request for a

proposal, a statement of problem, the purpose
strategy, an outline of the project, a work
schedule.

 World Wide Web The best-known area of the Internet that includes
an enormous collection of specially formatted
documents called Web pages located at Web sites
around the world

CHAPTER 7. (CH12): PROFESSIONALISM AT WORK: BUSINESS

ETIQUETTE
 Agenda A listing of topics to be discussed during a
meeting.

 Business etiquette Set of guidelines pertaining to proper business

attire, dining manners, and other aspects of
professional presentation in the workplace

 Business presentation Varying in format, purpose, complexity, and

delivery mode.

 Briefing Is a presentation in which a speaker gives the

audience an overview or summary of an issue,
proposal, or proble,

 Civility Behavior that is considered respectful and

considerate of others

 Collaborate To work together cooperatively to achieve a goal

 Conflict A normal part of every workplace that occurs

when people feel unheard or misunderstood

 Constructive criticism Feedback and evaluation that attempts to help a

person improve

 Criticism A serious examination or judgment of

something
 Emphasis The way that words are stressed when speaking,
which can change the meaning you are
expressing

 Ethics Rules and guidelines regarding right and wrong

behavior

 Ground rules A set of rules for all participants to follow during

a meeting, such as arriving on time,
communicating openly, being supportive, listening
carefully, participating fully, confronting conflict
frankly, turning off cell phones, and following the
agenda

 Hard skills Technical knowledge in a specific field

 Integrity Strong adherence to a set of moral values

 Meetings Consist of three or more individuals who gather to

pool information, solicit feedback, clarify policy,
seek consensus, and solve problems

 Minutes A written record of what occurred during a

meeting

 Parking lot list A list made during a meeting of important but

divergent issues that should be discussed at a
later time

 Parliamentary Robert's Rules of Order; used as ground rules by

procedure more formal groups during meetings

 Pitch Refers to the sound vibration frequency; that is,

it indicates the highness or lowness of a sound

 Polish A high degree of refinement and ability to

demonstrate professional nonverbal techniques and
etiquette.

 Professionalism Refers to desirable workplace behaviors that

help employees get along with others and deliver
positive results to enhance profits and boost a
company's image; also related to business
etiquette, ethical conduct, social intelligence, and
 soft skills

 Pronunciation Involves saying words correctly and clearly with

the accepted sounds and accented syllables

 Rate Refers to the pace of your speech

 Shared leadership When a team has no formal leader, instead

rotating leadership to those with the appropriate
expertise as the team evolves and moves from one
phase to another

 Smartphone A sophisticated mobile device that enables you to

conduct business from virtually anywhere at any
time; functions much like a laptop or netbook

 Social intelligence The ability to get along with others and to get
them to cooperate with you

 Soft skills A cluster of personal qualities, habits, attitudes,

communication skills, and social graces

 Team A group of individuals who share a common

purpose; examples include work teams, project
teams, customer support teams, supplier teams,
design teams, planning teams, functional teams,
and cross-functional teams

 Telephone tag When telephone callers repeatedly miss one

another

 Uptalk The habit of using a rising inflection at the end of

a sentence resulting in a singsong pattern that
makes statements sound like questions

 Virtual teams Groups of people who work interdependently

with a shared purpose across space, time, and
organization boundaries using technology.

 Voice mail Links a telephone system to a computer that

digitizes and stores incoming messages

 Voice quality The way a voice sounds that identifies your

personality and mood
 Volume Indicates the degree of loudness or the intensity
of sound

CHAPTER 8. (CH13): BUSINESS PRESENTATION:

 6-x-6 rule: Specifies six bullets per screen and six words per
bullet maximum on a PowerPoint slide

 Analogy: A comparison of similar traits between dissimilar

things; effective in explaining and drawing
connections

 Anecdote: A personal story used to connect the speaker with

the audience

 Animations: A PowerPoint tool that helps you control when

objects or text appear on the screen

 Body: The part of a presentation that outlines a limited

number of main points

 Bullet points: Translate the major headings in your presentation

outline into titles for slides

 Chart function: A PowerPoint tool that allows you to create charts

such as line, bar, and pie charts

 Conclusion: The part of a presentation that summarizes the

main themes of a presentation, leaves the
audience with a specific and memorable "take-
away", and includes a statement that allows the
speaker to leave the podium gracefully

 Credibility: The quality of being believable or trustworthy

 Deck: A presentation that is sent as a PowerPoint slide

show or as a PDF document

 Electronic handouts: PowerPoint presentation slides that have been

posted to a Web site

 Elevator speech Is a 30 – second pitch describing who you are and

what skills you can offer to a company or
 industry

 Extemporaneously: Speaking freely without reading from notes or a

manuscript

 Handouts Pictures, outlines, brochures, articles, charts,

summaries, or other supplements distributed to
listeners during or after a presentation

 Hidden job market Consists of jobs that are never advertised or

listed.

 Hyperlinks: "Hot spots" in an electronic presentation that allow

you to jump instantly to sources outside your
presentation, including Web sites and documents

 Introduction The part of a presentation where the speaker

captures listeners' attention and gets them
involved, identifies himself or herself and builds
credibility, and previews the main points

 Metaphor A comparison between otherwise dissimilar things

without using the words "like" or "as"

 Multimedia Elements such as sound, animation, and video that

can be added to computer visual presentations

 Multia media slides Dynamic, colorful presentations designed using

a software package such as Microsoft PowerPoint
and shown during a presentation using a
computer monitor, TV monitor, LCD panel, or
screen

 Open job market Consists of jobs that are advertised or publicly

listed.

 Overhead Acetate transparencies shown during a

transparencies presentation using an overhead projector

 Personal branding Involving deciding what makes you special and

desirable in the job market
 Personalize statistic Statistics that related directly to the audience

 Previewing A verbal signpost that tells audience members

what is coming next in a presentation

 Rapport A feeling of mutual trust and respect. Good

speakers are adept at forming a bond with the
audience which is called rapport

 Simile A comparison that includes the words "like" or

"as"

 Slide sorter A PowerPoint tool that allows you to rearrange,

insert, and delete slides during the revision
process

 SmartArt A PowerPoint tool that allows you to create

graphics such as organization charts, cycles,
radials, timelines, pyramids, matrixes, and Venn
diagrams

 Speaker’s notes A printout that shows the slides at the top of a

page, followed by the points the speaker will cover
during a presentation

 Stage fright The physiological changes occurring in your body

when faced with a frightening situation.

 Summarizing: A verbal signpost that tells audience members

what has been covered so far in a presentation

 Switching directions A verbal signpost that tells audience members the

presentation will now cover a different topic

 Templates Professionally designed models that come with a

software program such as PowerPoint; combine
harmonious colors, borders, and fonts for pleasing
visual effects

 Turn – over - page A candidate who has less thay 10 years of

résumé experience or has had one or two employers is
likely to have a turn – over – page résumé.

 Transitional Words such as "first," "therefore," "on the other

hand," and "in conclusion" that build coherence,
 expressions lend emphasis, and tell listeners where you are
headed in a presentation

 Verbal signposts Tools used by speakers to help the audience

recognize the organization and main points in
an oral message

 Visual aids: Tools such as handouts and multimedia slides that

emphasize and clarify main points, improve
comprehension and retention, and increase
audience interest

In the search of a job, a candidate should take four steps:

1. Self – analysis: Analyze your interests and goals and evaluate your
qualifications.
2. Explore 2 types of job market (open/ hidden)
3. Prepare résumé, cover letter
4. Learn about hiring process.

CHAPTER 9. (CH14): THE JOB SEARCH, RESUMES, AND COVER

LETTERS

 Action verbs: Verbs in the active voice that can make your
résumé more forceful and persuasive

 Applicant – tracking Software used to read incoming résumés, scanning

software: for keywords

 ASCII résumé: An electronic version of a résumé that is suitable

for e-mailing or pasting into online résumé bank
submission forms; also called a plain-text résumé

 Awards, honors, and The section of your résumé that lists awards,
activities: scholarships, fellowships, dean's list, honors,
recognitions, commendations, certificates, and
school, community, volunteer, and professional
activities

 Blind job posting: A job posting that does not include the employer
name

 Capabilities and The section of your résumé that lists special skills,
 skills: proficiencies acquired through training and
experience, and exceptional aptitudes

 Career objective: A brief statement on a résumé that summarizes

your career goal

 Career path: The professional steps you will take as you move
from entry-level positions to higher positions in a
particular field or profession

 Chronological Lists work history job by job, starting with the most
résumé: recent position

 Contingency Employees who work temporarily for a company

employees: and then leave

 Cover letter: A letter of application used to introduce a résumé,

highlight your strengths in terms of benefits to the
employer, and gain an interview; can be solicited or
unsolicited.

 Customized résumé: A résumé that is tailored to fit each company and

position

 Digital portfolio: A collection of digitized materials that provides

viewers with a snapshot of a candidate's
performance, talents, and accomplishments; can be
navigated with the help of menus must like a
personal Web site; also called "e-portfolios".

 E-portfolio: = “Digital Porfolio”

 Education: The section of your résumé that includes the name

of location of schools, dates of attendance, major
fields of study, and degrees received

 Employment history: The section of your résumé that includes employer

information, dates of employment, job titles, and
significant duties, activities, accomplishments, and
promotions; can also be called "work experience”

 Functional résumé: Focuses attention on a candidate's skills rather than

on past employment
 Internship: An opportunity for students to gain practical
experience in a supervised work environment, with
or without pay

 Introspection: Looking inside yourself to analyze what you like

and dislike so that you can make good employment
decisions

 Job board: An online employment site that provides job

listings and job-search information

 Keywords: Words that describe the skills, traits, tasks, and

job titles that an employer wants; common on
scannable résumés

 Main heading: The first part of a résumé that includes your name,
address, telephone number, and e-mail address

 Networking: Developing a list of contacts during a job search

 Niche Web site: A site that lists jobs in specialized fields or for
individuals with special backgrounds or needs

 PDF document: Stands for 'Portable Document Format'; a format

that creates a document that will look exactly like
the original and that cannot be easily altered

 Plain – text résumé: = “ASCII résumé"

 Presentation résumé: A traditional hard-copy résumé that has been

attractively formatted to maximize readability;
also called a "print-based résumé"

 Print – based = “Presentation résumé”

résumé:

 Qualifications: The assets you have to offer employers

 References: A list of the names and contact information or

instructors, current employer, previous employers,
colleagues, and subordinates who are willing to
answer inquiries regarding your qualifications for
employment
  Scannable résumé: A résumé that is meant to be printed on plain
white paper and read by a computer using
automated applicant-tracking software

 Solicited cover letter: A letter written in response to an announced

employment position

 Success story Specific examples of educational and work –

related experience that demonstrate an applicant’s
qualifications and achievements.

 Summary of A bulleted list at the top of your résumé that lists

qualifications: your most impressive qualifications.

 Unsolicited cover A letter written when you do not know whether a

letter: position is open and you are prospecting for a job.

 Video résumé: A résumé prepared as a professional-grade video

for posting to YouTube or for sending directly to a
potential employer.

 Work experience: = "employment history".

In the opening of an unsolicited cover message, demonstrate knowledge of

the reader’s company or organization, and show how your specific talents will
benefit the company.
The body of a cover message shoul emphasize a candidate’s details in
relation to the needs of the employer. In addition, it should also be audience
focused rather than sender focused.
The closing of a cover message should confidently request an interview,
highlight your strongest points, and make it easy to respond.