PRE FLIGHT BRIEFING

Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued) l

. What are we going to do? - Sequence of

To instructors: exercises

Explain how to recognize & recover from

e Where are we going to do it? - Practice
area(s)
1. Nose high ATT's o Duration of lesson? - ETD/ETA/Fue|quantity
2. Nose high while banked . Safety considerations? - AWWS
3. Nose low ATT's o CRM skill? - Airmanship/PDM/Situational
4. Nose low while banked Awareness
. Questions?
Apply above procedures to recognize & recover
from

1. Stalls NOTES:
2. Spins (POH procedure, then recoverfrom
unusual ATT)
3. Spiral -2,
,

Have student recover using partial panel, repeat

using full panel

NOTE
POST FLTGHT BRIEFTNG (DEBRIEFING)

e Student's own assessment

. Student's performance - Strong & Weak points
o Advice on how to correct any errors
. Assign homework

NOTES:

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I

il
rl (
 I

I
SAFETY I
1
Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

1 Look out - Proper sector scan / Collision

geometry (head-on, converging, climbing and Nose high
descending/Blind spots high wing & low wing
aircraft) 1. HALTcheck
2. Clock System - 10 o'clock etc. 2. Relate tostall
3. Transfer of Control - "l have control" n'yott
3. Apply fullpower
have control"
4. Apply fonrvard elevator pressure to lower nose to
prevent stall (1.e. reduceAoA)
4. Weather 5. Correct bank by applying coordinated ailerons &
5. NOTAMS rudder pressure
6. Checklists 6. May be necessary to climb or descend to safe
7. HALT
ALT after recovery
8. Overshoot 7. ln a spin, miniature airplane in TC gives reliable
9. Visual reference
indication of spin direction but ball gives no
10. Powersettings
reliable direction information
11. VFR position reporting
8.
r Time for student practice!
enters!ll!)
(lnstructor

NOTES:

.{.r spr**{l rililr:,)ir-rr Aftii',.:d+ Aih*-rBlBr

-*'

HEedri"!il "u*rirr:;ll ";Ft,*ri

indir:ala.rt if"rLlr(:.ill:;r rri6J;;;;1qt

Figure 2-83 f.lu*e-Up Unusual Attitudes

Original 30-May-20L9 Page | 6 Original 30-Nlay-2019 Page | 71

(
 r {
Ex. 2 AIRCRAFT FAMILIARIZATION &
Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued) PREPARATION for FLIGHT

. Journey Log Book

Unusual attitudes
r Time Before lnspection (TBl)
First, use full panel, then repeat exercise using r Calendar ltems
partialpanel r Defects
Nose low: r Walk-around (Pilot Operating Handbook POH)
o Documents
1. HALTcheck I A - Certificate of Ainrvorthiness
2. Relate to spiraldive r R - Certificate of Registration
3. Reduce power to prevent excessive fuS & loss I O - Pilot Operating Handbook
of ALT
I W - Weight and Balance Report
4. Levelwings using coordinated aileron & rudder
r
pressures | - lnsurance
5. Apply elevatotr pressure to correct pitch ATT to I L-Journey Log Book
-riose
level flight of up attitude - return to original r L - Licenses
altitude ), o Defect handling - Flow check sheeU MCM
6. A/C levelwhen fuS stops increasing,starts r Weight & Balance control
decreasing r Weather / NOTAMS (AWWS)
7, Time for student practice! (lnstructor o Dispatch Systems
enters!!!!)

NOTES: NOTES:

slo
t$.b1
0
3l{,
\b -)

1t; 170

+'h 1,, t'7

/ 1._-
t" r
Original 30-May-2019 Page | 70 30-May-2019
\j4'- u Page | 7

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-i
 -r
r-'f
I

Ex. 3 ANCILLARY CONTROLS Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

1. CARBURETORHEAT _C152 Timed turns:

o Checking on ground Demonstrate timed turns while student using instrument
. lce Recognition r{.
reference
. Carb ice removal procedure
. Use in flight
I 1. Have student calculate # of seconds to turn
o Effect on power through 1 80'
. When to apply it 2. Start timing when control pressure is applied
2. Fuel Pump -C172 3. Emphasize using correct scanning technique
o When to apply it - (POH) 4. Stop turn by applying control pressure when
3. MIXTURE CONTROL -C152tC172 calculated time has elapsed
. Leaning technique - Peak RPM 5, Refer to magnetic compass to determine if fuC
r Spark plug fouling recognition on correct heading
o Spark plug fouling cleaning procedure 6. Make heading corrections if necessary, use rate
of one half turn for small corrections (1.e. Less
o Ground lean Peak RPM -
4. HEAT & VENTILATION-C1521C172
fr than 10')
t'i 7. After turning through 180", have student repeat
. Location of vents
,1,' using 90" & 30'
I

o Proper operation
8. After returning to straight flight, have student
maintain a constant A/S before reading
NOTES:
compass, then confirm heading by flying straight
& level, and taking second reading
,"-1.?
9. Time for studentpractice!

,.r,.;?
I
I
) ? c: 10'= 3 seconds 60' = 20 seconds

/" ',- 20'= 7 seconds 90' = 30 seconds

, !.! *-- 1:
30o = '10 seconds 180'= 60seconds
,

{!}
'J.t r j l

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' 0riginal30-May-2019 Page | 8 .t: Original 30-May-2019 Page | 69
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2
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 Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued) Ex.4 TAXIING

Partial Panel: a STARTING

Standard rate turns:

o "Clear prop"
c "1000RPM, Oil pressure rising,
Demonstrate how turn coordinator gives a direct alternator charging"
indication of change of heading & an indirect o Brake checks (both sides)
indication of bank . Slow down and Stop
a Where to taxi
1. Ensure that tuC correctly trimmed for levelflight
. Airport Diagram
2. Using coordinated aileron & rudder, rollA/C in
. Taxiwaymarkings/Signs
desired direction until miniature aircraft in the TC
indicates rate one turn
o RWY markings/Signs

3. Maintain req. AoB with ailerons

a Suface Considerations
4. Use coordinated aileron & rudder to recover
o Gravel
5. Refer to magnetic compass to confirm fuC is
r Gra$g

maintaining desired heading . Snourflce

6. Time for studentpractice! a Turning
r Taxi speed (Fast walk)
Climbing & descending turns: o Use of differentialbraking
Demonstrate climbing & descending turns while
a lnstrument Check while taxiing
student is using instrument reference o n'Compass increasing freely, Hl
increasing, needle right, ball leftASl,
Climbing turn Al, ALT VSI steady" (then viceversa)
1. Establish a climb using partial panel
2. Ensure that A/C is correctly trimmed NOTE:

3. Demonstrate rate one turn while climbing

4. Return to straight flight
5. Time for studentpractice!
Descending turn
1. Establish descent using partialpanel
2. Ensure AIC correctly trimmed
3. Demonstrate rate one turn whiledescending
4. Return to straight flight
5. Time for studentpractice!

Original 30-MaY-2019 Page | 68 0riginal 30-May-2019 Page I I

t ,".-...--*j
 Ex. 4 TAXIING (Continued) Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

a FIight Controls Descending:

r Hold while taxiing
. Quartering tailwinds Constant rate of descent
a Run-up
Demonstrate constant rate of descent as follows
. Property positioned while student is using instrument reference
r Brakes holding during run-up
a Pre Take-off Check 1. Estimate power setting for descending @ a
. As per normal checklist given rate
. uAl, ALT, Hl, XPDR, Avionics set" 2. Set descending power setting, keep straight with
a Parking rudder
. Parking procedures
3. When A/S decreases as desired, lower nosefor
descent
a Taxiway Courtesy
o Do not block other traffic
4. Trim as req.

. Prop wash consideration

5. Frequently scan ASlto determine if poweris
correct
o Right of way - To/From CYQF base
6. Frequently scan VSI to determine if pitch ATT is
. Give way to oncoming traffic correct
7. Frequently scan TC to verify that A/C isflying
straight
NOTE:
8. Refer to magnetic compass to confirm correct
heading being maintained
9. Level off @ desired ALT
10. Time for studentpractice!

Original 30-lVlay-20L9 Page | 10 Original 30-h4ay-2019 Page | 67

 Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued) Ex. 5 ATTITUDES & MOVEMENTS

Partial Panel: Nose-up ATT:

Descending 1. Lookout
Level off from a descent
2. Bring nose to horizon with back pressure on
control column
Demonstrate how to level off from descent 3. Hold pressure to maintain nose up ATT
4. Relieve back pressure and lower nose toCruise
1. When approaching desired ALT, frequentlyscan ATT
ALT
2. Using correct lead, apply cruise power & adjust Nose-down ATT:
pitch enough to stop @ desired ALT
3. Closely monitor ALT & VSI to verify that you are
1. Look out

maintaining desired ALT

2. Bring nose down with forward pressure on
control column
4. Trim as req.
3. Hold the pressure to maintain
5. Refer to magnetic compass to confirm you are
4. Relieve foruvard pressure and allow nose to
maintaining correct heading
return lower to Gruise ATT
6. Time for studentpractice!

NOTE:

ALT
C)
MAGNETIC
COMPASS

TC BPM
T&B MP

6gure 2-81 Ley€I. Appro6ching Oesied Air$red

Original 30-May-2019 Page | 66 0riginal 30-May-2019 Page | 1"L

 Ex. 5 ATTITUDES & MOVEMENTS (Continued) Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

Banked-ATT: Partial Panel:

1. Look out Descending:

2. Roll-in to desired banked ATT using ailerons
Constant AlS descendind
3. Neutralize the ailerons to maintain desired AoB
4. Roll-out back to cruise ATT Demonstrate constant A/S descent while student is
using instrument reference
Controlling Yaw:
Adverse Yaws:
1, PAT
2. Set descending power setting, keep straight with
Slip stream / Asymmetric Thrust / Aileron drag / rudder
Gyroscopic Precession / Torque 3. When A/S decreases as desired, lower nosefor
descent
lmpoftant note: 4. Frequently scan ASI to determine if pitch ATT is
correct
1. Uncontrolled yaw leads to roll!
2. Roll will produce undesired yaw! 5. Use small pitch adjustments for smallA/S
3. Never Skid!! corrections
6. Frequently scan TC to verify that A/C isflying
straight

NOTES
7. Refer to magnetic compass to confirm correct
heading being maintained
8. Refer to occasionally to ALT & VSI to confirm
descent performance
9. Time for student 100fpm
practice!
+skts 100rpm -Skts

100fpm

TC
1&B

Fiftln: f-E sfr@! c[r]F o.i hs.sj

Page | 12 0riginal !i0-N{ay-201"9 Page | 65

0riginal 30-May-20L9
 Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued) Ex.5 ATTITUDES & MOVEMENTS (Continued)

Partial Panel:
Cruise Attitude
(ATT)
Climbing:
L

n ,t
Level Off from a Climb Horizon

"Demonstrate technique used to level off from a

climb"
1. When approaching desired ALT, frequently scan Attitude UP CRUISE DOWN LEFT RIGHT N/A
ALT
Movement Pitching Rolling Yawing
2. Using correct lead, progressively adjust pitch to
Axis Lateral Longitudinal Normal
stop ALT & VSI for pitch information while
accelerating to cruise speed Control Elevators Ailerons Rudder

3. Trim as req. lnstrument AI AI TC

4. Refer to magnetic compass to confirm correct
heading being maintained
5. Time for studentpractice!
NOTE:

@
TC ,A RPM
T&B
--u7 NIP

Figw6 2-gt Lael, ApprcrchtrE (hdrod Alrsp@d

Original 30-May-2019 Page | 64 Original 30-tVlay-2019 Page | 13

 Ex.6 STRAIGHT & LEVEL FLIGHT Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

1 STRAIGHT FLIGHT (Constant direction) Partial Panel:

. Pick a reference point & fly towards it Climbing:
. Constant ATT + Wings level
o Controlyaw Constant A/S Climb
r lnstrumentindications
2. LEVEL CRUISE FLIGHT (Constant altitude) "Demonstrate constant A/S climb while student
. Cruise ATT using instrument reference"
r Cruise power (100RPM = Skts) 1. APT
o lnstrumentindications 2. Gently raise nose until A/S begins to decrease
3. VARIOUS AIRSPEEDS - DecreasingA/S
r P - Power- Reduce power/Controlyaw 3. Apply climb power & keep straight with rudder
r 4. Trim as req.
A -Attitude-Backpressure
. 5. Frequently scan ASI to confirm that pitch ATT is
T-Trim correct
4. VARIOUS AIRSPEEDS - lncreasingA/S i.
a P - Add power/Controlyaw
6. Use smallpitch adjustments for smallfuS
corrections
a A -Forward pressure
7 . Frequently scan TC to check for straight flight &
a T - Trim wings level
8. Refer to magnetic compass to confirm that
correct heading being maintained
NOTES: 9. Refer occasionally to ALT & VSI to verify climb
performance

ALT

TC RPM
T&B fiilP

ngure 2-ru Shigfil Climb .nd Des6t

Original 30-May-2019 Page | 14 Original 30-May-2019 Page | 63

 Ex.6 STRAIGHT & LEVEL FLIGHT (Continued)
Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

Partial Panel:

Straight & Level Flight:

EFFECT of POWER
o'Demonstrate, while student using instrument
What happens when you increase What happens when you decrease
reference" power at low A/S? power at hiqh A/S?

1. Establish straight & levelflight Yaw to the left Pitch up Yaw to the right Pitch down
2" Keep ballcentered with rudder(coordinated
flight)
3. Keep wings level (miniature A/C in TC) with + J
ailerons
4. Refer to magnetic compass to confirm A/C How do you compensate? How do you compensate?
maintaining req. heading
Right rudder I Pit"tr oo*n Left rudder I eit"t ,p
Demonstrate:

5. How to correct for heading deviations

6. Controlinputs & scan technique req. tomaintain
level flight ENERGY MANAGEMENT
7. How to correct for ALT deviations
8. Straight & level flight at variousA/S's
9. Time for student practice! +100fpm

+5kts 00rpm -Skts

@ @ ffi -10Ofpm

t
TC

@
BPM
T&B MF

Figgre 2-r0 Sh.ght-.nd-L.rd Fligftt

Original 30-May-2019 Page | 62 Original 30-May-2019 Page | 15

 Ex.7 CLIMING
Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

1. NORMALCLIMB
Usino the magnetic comoass!
r Cockpit checks (Mixture rich, carb heat off)
. Look out- "Clearabove" Acceleration & Deceleration Error:
o A - Nose up Attitude
o P - Full power/Control yaw
1. Fly east heading

o T -Trim
2. Reduce power to reduce A/S in level flight, note
that the compass will turn toward south
o lnstrumentindications
3. Add power to increase A/S, note that the
2. LEVELOFF
compass willturn toward north
o "700'to go"
4. Raise nose at constant power, note the
o A - Cruise attitude (10% VSI) deceleration error
o P - Cruise power/Control yaw
5. Lower nose at constant power, notethe
o T -Trim acceleration error
o
lnstrumentindications
3. PERFORMANCE CLIMBS
o Best rate of Climb (Vy)
. Best angle of Climb (Vx)
r En-route climb

NOTES:

1. Repeat on westheading
2. Repeat on north or south heading, shows no
acceleration deceleration error
3. Stabilize A/C in constant RoC at constant HDG
& airspeed
4. Note that accuracy of compass not affected by
climbing at a constant A,/S
5. Have student practice in reading magnetic
compass
6. Establish A/C in straight un-accelerated flight
7. Read compass heading
8. Continue flying straight at constantA/S
9. Read compass again, compare the two readings
to confirm information reliable

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I

Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued) Ex.8 DECENDING

Usino the maonetic comoass! 1. POWER.OFF & ON

. Cockpit checks (Mixture rich, carb heaton)
Northern Turning Error: . Look oul* "Clear below"
1. Fly north heading long enough for compass to o P - "Power set" (adjusted fordesired
settle down RoD)/Controlyaw
2. Turn toward west, compass indicates turn in r A - Nose down attitude (for desired
opposite direction, then lags actualheading airspeed)
3. Turn toward east, compass indicates turn in . T -Trim
opposite direction, then lags actual heading r
lnstrumentindications
4. Enter shallow turn toward west, compass .
Point ol Zerc Movement - Steady
indicates momentarily that straight course being 2. LEVEL-OFF
maintained r P - Cruise power/Control yaw (10% VSI)
r A-Cruiseattitude
. T *Trim
o lnstrumentindications

Southerly Turning Error: ENERGY MANAGEMENT

1. Fly south heading, keep wings level to let

compass settle down
2. Turn toward west, compass indicates much
faster turn in same direction, or leads actual 'l00fpm
heading
3. Turn toward east, compass indicates much
faster turn in same direction, or leads actual
heading
4. Repeat demonstrations of turning error on east
or west heading showing that turning errors are
not present

Original 30-May-2019 Page | 60 Original 30-May-2019 Page | 17

 Ex.9 TURNS (Medium & Steep) Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

Level turns:
Steep Turns:
1. Entry 1. Emphasize that these are for practice only, not
r Look out -
.Clear
left" "Turning left"
normaloperation
. Posture
2. Review scan techniques forturns
o Roll'in with ailerons/Control yaw(aileron
3. Demonstrate, while student using instrument
drag)
reference
o Maintain AoB and pitch
4. lnitiate steep turn using 45' of bank
. Maintain airspded (power as req.)
5. Point out variations in pitch & bank indications
o lnstrumentindications on Al while entering & maintaining turn, &during
2. Maintain roll-out
o Continue look out 6. Maintain turn with bank, control adverseyaw
r Maintaincoordination(noslip/skid) with rudder
3. Recovery 7. Show ATT & power changes required during roll
o Roll-out with ailerons/Adjust poweras out
req./Control yaw (aileron drag) 8. Time for studentpractice!
r Geographic point
r lnstrumentindications
E.

4. Climbing turns

. Cockpit checks (l\Iixture rich, carb heat off)

.{
{
I
r Look oul - "Clear above & right" $
t

r Establish climb - APT

5

. Coordinate roll into turn (up to 30'turn)

.
lnstrumentindications r?r i
5. Descending turns "\*
E

,:
. Cockpit checks (Mixture rich, carb heat on) ,**
r Look oul - "Clear below & Left"
o Establish descent * APT
. Coordinate roll into turn (up to 30" turn) Figure 2-77 $teep Lett Tum

. lnstrumentindication

0riginal 30-May-201-9 Page | 18 Criginal 30-May-2019 Page | 59

 Ex. 10 RANGE & ENDURANCE
Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

1. Maximum range
Turns to Selected Headings: a. PAT - Setdesired power &airspeed
from POH
1. lnitialturn
2. Maintain turn with bank & control adverse yaw b. Lean mixture
with rudder
c. lnstrumentindications
3. As desired heading approaches, frequently scan
2. Experimentalmethod
HI
4. Recover to straight flight using correct lead (50%
a. Start at cruise
rule)
b. P - Reduce 100RPM increments
5. Timeforstudentpractice! c, A -Maintain levelflight
d. T - Trim
Climbing & Descending Turns:

L Review scanning techniques for turns

2. Demonstrate gentle & medium climbingturns Example:
while student using instrument reference
3. lnitiate turn
21 00RPM - 90kts

4. Show pitch ATT req. for entering, maintaining 2000RPM - 85kts

and recovering from turn 1900RPM - 80kts
5, Maintain turn with bank & control adverse yaw
with rudder
1800RPM - 76kts = Max. Range

6. Recover from turn while maintaining climb or 1700RPM - 67kts = Max. Endurance

descent
7. Time for studentpractice!

NOTES:

r-! fu>--,
**-e€ b"..-F*
,/i L-L.^,
soloct baok and. I*fo
I Snqhl v rower prrcn I

@ @
I Edte.,o8 dnd oraintaininr o dexendlng tlrn to rhe left
I Enrering ond moioloiaingoctifrbitrtut, to lhe riBht

0riginal 30-NIaY-2019 Pagr: j 58 0riglnal 30-May-Z019 Page | 19

 Ex. 11 SLOW FLIGHT Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

Entry Rate one turns

1. 10% KIAS + 7'

HALT Check:
2. Review scan technique for entering, maintaining,
recovering from turn
Height - Recover by 2000AGL 3. Demonstrate, while student using instrument
reference
Aircraft - Pre-Landing Check (Flow check)
4. Apply rule of thumb to calculate approx. AoB for
Location - Practice area / Non populated area rate one turn

Traffic - 2x 90' or 180' turn

5. lnitiate standard rate turn
6. After reaching calculated angle, refer to TC to
confirm correct rate
7. Maintain turn with bank & control adverse yaw
with rudder
1. Pick a reference point (Mountain, cloud, section 8. Recover to straight flight using correct lead (50%
line, lake, road) rule)
2. Power - 1500RPM + Control yaw for levelflight 9. Time for studentpractice!
(Max. Endurance at first demo)
Rule of Thumbs
3. Attitude - Pitch forairspeed
4. Trim - As Req. Rate one turn =
10% ofASl + 7"
5. Flaps - As req.
(approx,)
6. Symptoms
7. lnstrumentindications l.e. 90K|AS (10%)
=9+7'=Approx.
16'AoB

NOTES

ffi Rule of Thumbs

How to roll out of turn on a

selected heading?

50% rule!

t A rato I levet turn to the refr

@ Le. 30'AoB, begin the roll out
15" before reaching the desired
heading

Original 30-May-2019 Page | 20 Original 30-May-201-o Page | 57

r

Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING Ex. 11 SLOW FLIGHT (Continued)

(Continued)

Maintain:
Gentle & Medium LevelTurns:
1. Look out
1. Review scan technique for entering, maintaining 2. Power - Maintain altitude
recovery from turn 3. Attitude - [Vlaintain airspeed
2. Demonstrate, while student using instrument 4. HDG - Rudder + Ailerons (adverse yaw)
reference
3. lnitiate gentle or medium turn Recovery:
4. Point out instrument indications 1. Power - Full power + Control yaw (Carb H. off)
5. Show pitch ATT req. for entering, maintaining 2. Attitude - Gradually lower nose to cruiseatt.
and recovering 3. Reduce to cruise power
6. Show relationship between AoB & rate of turn 4. Trim
7. Recover to straight flight using correct lead to
heading Climbs & Descents:
8. Time for studentpractice! '/ 1. Adjust power for desired performances

Turns:

1. Look out "Clear left or right"

-
2. Coordinate roll into turn (10'-30")
Power - altitude a
3.
4. Attitude for airspeed

ffi,
NOTES:

ffi
I
I
I
\g-

@
I t 30'bonked lcvcl turn

0riginal 30-May-2019 Page | 55 Original 30-tVay-20L9 Page | 21

 Ex.12 STALLS Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

Power-OF F/ON (Approqch i n g and Departu re stal ls) Constant Rate Descents @ A Specified Airspeed:
Entry: 1. 10ORPM/Skts

1. HALTcheck 2. Demonstrate, while student using instrument

reference
2. Power - As assigned/controlyaw 3, Complete applicable cockpit checks
3. Flaps - As assigned 4. Estimate ATT and power setting required to
4. Attitude - Back pressure (maintain altitude as descend at a predetermined rate and airspeed
assigned)
5. Symptoms
5. Enter a descent from normal cruise by reducing
power to desired setting
6. Climbing (turn) stall- Maintain coordinated turn
6. Maintain cruise ATT until airspeed approaches
with positive RoC
desired airspeed
7. Descending (turn) stall- Maintain coordinated
7. Enter descent by adjusting pitch ATT
turn with negative RoD
8. Full back pressure - "Stall'(NegativeVSl)
8. ltlaintain airspeed until Slstabilizes
r 9. Adjust power to maintain desired RoD
10. Adjust power to maintain desired A/S
Recovery: 11. Trim as req.
,I
1. Controlyaw to prevent wingdrop 12. Frequently cross check Al with ASI & VSI to
2. Attitude - Just below cruise attitude make sure A/C is descending @ desired A/S &
3. Power - Gradually increase to full power, control RoD; VSI = ATT, ASI = Power
yaw 13. Time for studentpracticel
4. "A/Ssafe"-@60kts
5. Normal climb attitude Typical: 100fpm
6. Retract flaps - ln stages
1. Power off - No +5kts 100rpm
7. Return to cruise flight flaps/Level entry
100fpm
2. Power-
1700RPM/FIaps
Configurations: 20'lLevel entry

Power - Any 3. Power 2000RP[M

climb gentle turn
O
Flaps - Any
4. Others (TP13747
Bank - Any Stall/Spin Awareness
guidance notes)

@
TC
T&B

fiquro 2-I1 Approrchmg Oesf@ Nnt@

Original 30-lVlay-2019 Page | 22 Original 30-May-2019 Page | 55

 Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING Ex. 13 SPINNING
(Continued)

Entry: (PPL student recovery practice only)

Constant Ai rspeed Descents:
1. HALT check
1. Review PAT, relate to visualdescent 2. Power - (variable) + Controlyaw
2. Demonstrate, while student using instrument 3. Attitude - Maintain levelflight
reference 4. Stallhorn
3. Complete applicable cockpit checks 5. Full rudder (L or R) + full back pressure
4. Enter descent from normal cruise by reducing 6. Hold inputs (incipient stage)
power to desired setting
5. Maintain cruise ATT until airspeed approaches Recovery: Gonsult POH!
desired speed
\ U
1. Ailerons neutral I
6. Adjust pitch ATT to maintain desired airspeed 2. Power idle I
i&
7. Trim as req. 3. Hold full opposite rudder ?
4. Reduce back pressure
i
)r' 5. Hold inputs until rotation stops
6, Neutralize rudder
I
I
7. Wings level
I
IC I
I
8. Ease out of dive
T&B
I
I
9. Cruise flight
-.i

Leveling Off:

1. Review PAT, relate to visual level-off NOTE:

2. Demonstrate, while student using instrument Ai lsa^60J

reference
3. Estimate amount of lead for leveling off (10% of
vsl)
4. Establish cruise ATT and set cruise power
5, Frequently cross check Al with ALT & Hlto
make sure desired ALT & heading are
maintained
6. Trim as req.
7. Point out need to monitor airspeed as closelyas
aircraft accelerates
8. Time for studentpractice!

Original 30-May-2019 Page | 54 Original 30-May-2019 Page | 23

 Ex.14 SPIRAL Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING
(Continued)

lnstructor - Spiral entry

Gonstant Airspeed Climbs:
a Slow airspeed entry
1. Pitch nose-up to approximate ATT for climb (5-
Student Recognition 1 0degrees)

2. Advance power to climb power setting

o lncreasing ASl, decreasing ALT, VSl, 3. Cross check ASI with Al to determine need for
increasing AoB adjusting pitch
Recovery: Consult POH! 4. Adjust ATT as req. while referring to Al, cross
check with ASI
1. Power idle 5. Trim as req.
2. Wings level
3. Ease out of dive (D
4. Noise up
attitude
5. Airspeed safe -
Fullpower
6. Climb back to
originalaltitude Leveling Off:
7. Cruise flight
1. Lead by 10% ol vertical speed
2. Use Al to adjust cruise ATT
NOTE: 3. Frequently cross check ALT & Hl to make sure
desired ALT & heading maintained
4. Set cruise power when aircraft has reached
cruise speed
5. Trim as req.
6. Point out need to closely monitor airspeed as
aircraft accelerates
7. Time for studentpractice!

Original 30-May-2019 Page | 24 Original 30-May-2019 Page I 53

 Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING Ex.15 SLIPPING
(Continued)

Straight and Level flight at various airspeeds: Forward slip:

Entry:
spePds

1 00fPm
1. Pick a reference point on ground
2. Power idle (Carb H. On)
+skts foorpm -5kts
3. Attitude - Desired approach airspeed
1 00fpm 4. Trim
cruising s,pe6ds
t'lorfiel
crulsilg Bp6sd&
5. Lower the wing (into wind)
offie"hi0h
6. Full opposite rudder
Figura 2-75 Attiiudss al Ditterenl Cruising
7. lnstrumentindications
1" l ooRPM/skt. "'u"0"

2. Using instrument reference, demonstrate howto Maintain:

increase airspeed
3. lncrease power to that req. for new airspeed
1. Fonivard pressure - Maintain same pitch
i.
4. Controlyaw to maintain heading
2. Adjust bank - Maintain direction
Recovery:
5. Adjust pitch ATT as required to maintainALT 1. Simultaneously roll wings level & neutralize
6. Trim as req.
rudder in a gentle manner
7. Demonstrate how to decrease airspeed
8. Reduce power to that req. for new airspeed
L Control yaw to marntain heading
NOTE:
10. Adjust pitch ATT as required to maintainALT
1't. Tdm as req.
12. Time for studentpractice!

.C;

TC
T&B

0rigina I 30-lVlay-2019 Page | 52 0riginal 30-May-2019 Page | 25

 Ex. 15 SLIPPING (Continued) Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING
(Continued)
e*n rll

slippin( turn:
Straight flight:
Entry: As per forunard slip entry
1. Establish aircraft in S & L flight at normalcruise
1. Increase bank in forward slip/Reduce rudder in airspeed using outside reference
forward slip 2. Have student fly straight while referring onlyto
2. lnstrumentindications instruments

Maintain:
3. Keep wings level and maintain coordinated flight
using rudder
'1. Adjust bank and/or rudder to maintain rate of 4. Setting Hlfrom magnetic compass in smooth
turn and rough air
Recovery: 5. lf aircraft deviates from heading, have student
1. Reduce rudder smoothly make correction as necessary to return to
2. Simultaneously roll wings level assigned heading

Side Slip: Straight and level flight:

Entry: 1" Establish aircraft in straight and level flight at

normal cruise speed using outside reference
1, Stable approach on RWYcenterline 2. Have student adjust Al
2. Note surface wind (wind socks, ATC) 3. Assign heading to be maintained
3. Lower the wing into wind 4. Maintain ALT by adjusting ATT as required while
4. Apply opposite rudder - Keep longitudinal axis referring only to instruments
aligned with RWY centerline 5. Use of small changes on pitch ATT for small
ALT corrections
NOTES:
6. Emphasize importance of propertrimming!

ALT
C)
TC BFTI
r&8 MP

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 Ex. 24 lnstrument Flying (Continued) Ex. 15 SLIPPING (Continued)

Roll:
S'fC
Maintain:
5Ir?
1. Compare outside visual indications of the rolling 1. Power- Constant descentprofile
movement to instrument indications 2. Adjust bank & rudder- Maintain alignmentwith
RWY centerline
Banked ATT:
3. Pitch for airspeed +/- Skts considering slip
1. Roll aircraft to banked ATT direction
2. Point out between natural horizon and horizon Recovery:
line on Al 1. Reduce rudder input smoothly
3. Point out bank scale on Al 2. Land using X-wind landingtechnique
4. Demonstrate range of bank ATT forgentle,
medium turns
5. Point out on Hl and TC
6. Ti me for student practi ce! Note: "Be aware of airspeed errors"
Yaw:
No
1 Compare visual indications of yawing movement Skidding!
to instrument indications Porer - Any
2 Point out that TC or TC gives direct indication of
Flaps - Any
yaw, and indirect indication of bank
3. Demonstrate control of adverse yaw by
controlling movement of turn needle with rudder
4. Demonstrate adverse yaw in an abrupt turn, or
misuse the rudder NOTE

At the beginning, focus 50%

50%

+ RPM
@ @
MP

@ o@
Original 30-May-2019 Page | 50 Original 30-May-2019 Page | 27
 Ex. 16 TAKE-OFF Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Continued)

.e?l& *p?d
NormalTake-off: Pitch: At the beginning, focus 50%o
outside and 50% inside!
Entering RWY Nose-up ATT

1. As per checklist 1. Place aircraft in nose-up ATT

2. Wind sock check 2. Point out between natural horizon and horizon
line on Al
3. RWY - confirm with Hlcheck
4. Reference point above RWY (clouds etc.) 3. Compare nose-up in4ication on Al with position
of aircraft's nose (outsiOel
5. Go/No-go point confirmation
4. Point out pitch scale on Al
Take-off roll: 5. Point out indications on performance
instruments
1. Start from RWY center line -Ailerons neutral 6. Return to cruise ATT
2. Heels on floor, toes off brakes
3. Smoothly apply full power * "Powerset" Nose-down ATT
"Gauges green" 1, Place aircraft in nose-down ATT
Control yaw - Maintain centerline
4.
2. Point out between natural horizon and horizon
5. Slight back pressure @ n'NSalive"
line on Al
Go/No go point - Reject take off if not
6.
3. Compare nose-down indication on Alwith
airborne! position of aircraft's nose (outside)
4. Point out pitch scale on Al
5, Point out indications on performance
NOTES instruments
6. Return to cruise ATT
7. Time for studentpractice!

+
@=8oB
0riginal 30-May-2019 Page | 28 0rigina! 30-h,4ay-2019 Page | 49
 Ex. 24 INSTRUMENT FLYING Ex. 16 TAKE-OFF (Continued)

lntroduce thrc lesson with a brief review of attitudes Rotation:

and movements.
1. Gentle back pressure - Normal climb ATT
Note the instrument indications. 2. Control yaw - Maintain reference point
Emphasize the importance of being relaxed and 3. Keep hand on throttle
flying smoothly.
Climb-out:
lnstrument checks while taxing are essential.
1. Adjust attitude for desired airspeed (Vy, Vx)
2. Positive climb - "Positive rate" (AltA/Sl) above
601<ts, 200ft' " Flaps up"
3. 1000' traffic check then turn on course
Demonstration:
Crosswind Take-off:
1. Have student close their eyes while you
maneuvers the aircraft 1. Ailerons fully into wind
2. Open eyes once no longer in cruise 2. Reduce aileron input as A/S increases during
3. Therefore MUST trust instrument vs. what you ,' ground roll
feel! 3. A/C must leave RWY cleanly - A/S at rotation
higher than normal take off
Don't trust your 4. Establish a crab into wind by banking initially
sensafion. Trust the into wind as needed
instruments! 5. Climb straight out on RWY extendedcenterline

Gruise Aftitude: NOTES:

1. Establish straight and levelflight

2. Set the Al for level flight at cruise flight
3. Demonstrate similarity between aircraft's attitude
relative to the horizon and display shown on Al
4. Point out constant indications on performance
instruments (ASl, ALT, TC, Hl, VSI)

Original 30-May-2019 Page | 48 Original 30-May-2019 Page | 29

 Ex. 16 TAKE-OFF (Continued) l.
Ex. 23 NAVIGATION (Gontinued)

Obstacle Clearance Take-off (Short field): Diversion

Take-off roll 1. Circle (SHP) - circle (New destination)line

2. Heading - VTA true track, compass rose etc.
1. Flaps 10'(POH) 3. Distance - Long, line on map, your palm
2.
3.
Request short delay (ATC)/Back track to use all
available RWY
Brakes - Apply
4.
5.
= Approx. 20NM/12min. (VNC)
Time - 2/3 of distance (90kts G/S)
Fuel - (Approx. 6gal/Hr. 99al/Hr.)
&
4. "Power set" - Confirm static RPM (Referto 6. @SHP-ST's/ETA
doc) 7. Map reading Maintain track - Progress monitor
-
5. Mix. - Obtain max. RPM 8. FSS - Amend Flight plan (simulation)
6. "Gauges green" 9. RETA
7. Release brakes
Rotation
1. Rotate @ 50kts (C152)/57kts (C172)
2. I yaw with rudder
RETA 1/3 or 1/2
Mainta in Vx attitude until all obstacles are
cleared c
4. With no obstacle - Maintain Vy :.1

1. Positive climb - "Positive rate" (AlUVSl) above A

,L
o B

60kts, 200ft "Flaps up" ,'j.,

1l\J !;n'
2. 1000' traffic check then turn on course
SHP

NOTE: NOTES:

Original 30-MaY-20L9 Page | 30 Ori gi na I ;?0-lVl ay-2019 Page I 47

 Ex.23 NAVIGATION Ex. 16 TAKE-OFF (Gontinued)

Soft / Rough field Take-off:

Departure phase:
1. Flaps 10' (POH)
1. Organization in the cockpit - (Navlog, Charts, 2. Full back pressure
Watch, E6B etc.) 3. No brakes, rolling take-off
2. Take off time & lnitial ETA 4. Carefully apply full power - Controlyaw
3. Open flight plan (FSS / ATC) when req. 5. "Powerset" "Gaugesgreen"
4. Fly towards SHP
6. Lift the nose gear off the ground - Controlyaw
En-route phase: 7. Maintain nose up attitude - Bring cowling level
with end of RWY
SHP: Rotation
1. ST's - Turn, Time, Throttle, Tune, Talk
1. A/C will lift on its own
2. Maintain HDG, ALT, A/S
2. Transition to cruise attitude
3. Stay in ground effect
Map reading .-t
4. Accelerate to Vx
5. Transition to normalclimb
1. Orientation - Map oriented to direction of travel
2. Anticipation - Watch to map to ground After obstacle cleared
3. Confirmation - ldentifying land marks J
. Positive climb - "Positive rate" (ALTA/SI)
4. Pin pointing - ldentify your position relative toa 1

above 60Ks, 200ft "Flaps up"

time & place
5. Track errors & Correction: 2. 1000ft traffic check then turn on course

6. Ground speed check:

7. TAS calculation NOTES:
8. RETA
9. Approach briefing /ToD
10. Arrival procedures

Original 30-May-2019 Page | 46 Original 30-May-2019 Page | 31

I

Fo?cED LnNDI Ner

Ex. 17 CIRCUIT Ex.22 FORCED LANDING

lnitialclimb: lnitial action:

1. @200' post take-off check - RWY centerline, 1. As per Emergency checklist (Bold line -
retract flaps, trim for climb memory items)
2. Maintain straight climb 2.
If engine fails to restart - conduct forced landing
Approach plan:
Joining Grosswind: (500' AAE) 1. Select a suitable approach plan - Gircuit /360"
1, Look out - "Clear UR" n'turning UR" / Figure-8 method
2. Normal climbing'turn (gentleturn) 2. Select key points
3. After turn, roll wings level, crab into wind as req. 3. Radio call 121.517700 *MAYDAY, MAYDAY,
-
4. Maintain coordination (ballcenter) MAYDAY, Cessna...;.."
4. Passenger briefing
Joining Downwind: 5. Shut down check

1. Look out - "Clear UR" "turning UR"

6. Confirm with emergency checklist

2. "700to go" t'. 7. Focus on flying and make the field

3. Attitude - Cruise ATT (10% VSI)

4. Power - Cruise power NOTE:
5, Trim

Downwind speed:

C152 - 80kts/approx. 2100RPM

C-172R - 90kts/approx. 2100RPM

C-172S - 90kts/approx. 2200RPM

t.

Original 30-MaY-2019 liage | 32 0riginal 30-May-201"9 Page | 45

 Ex. 21 PRECAUTIONARY LANDTNG Ex. 17 CIRCUIT (Continued)
J

Select field: On Downwind:

1. Establish normal circuit (Enter DW, mid fietd or 1. Radio call - as soon as practical
from CW) 2. Pre landing checks
2. Wind direction 3. Approach briefing (A/C Config., A/S, Aiming
point, T/D point, DH)
High pass: (Preliminary inspection)
4. PAT - Maintain 80kts (C152)/90kts (C172) and
1. Fly normal left hand circuit 1000' AAE (or consult CFS)
2. Pick key points for rectangularcircuit 5. Maintain spacing from RWY and trafficahead
3. COWLS 6. Keep wings level and crab into wind as req.
4. Continue or change field if necessary Joining Base:
Low pass: (Final inspection)
1. Look out
1. Establish normal descent on base .:,
2. "Clear UR" "Turning UR"
2. "700togo" 3. Power - Reduce for constant RoD (1500RPM or
3. @ 500'AGL maintain 70kts ftaps 20'(approx as required for spacing)
100'/sec G/S) 4. Maintain ALT in turn to reduce fuS, selectflaps
4. Off set on final - Right side of the field as req.
5. COWLS (See next page) 5. Attitude * Adjust for constantA/S
6. Overshoot after passing end of usefulRWy 6. Gentle descending turn

On Downwind:
7. Trim - (Example: trim up 1/2/3 turns)

1. PAN PAN call or as req.

Civilization
2. Passenger Briefing
NOTE:

3. Pre-landing checks Obstacles/Over

shoot
Q Air1pe ed
4. Emergency Checklist
OAodanq
Winds
Approach:
Length OTaYeoy'd
1. Normalapproach - Short field, Surface/Slope O Rou ndoub
2.
soft field approach and landing
Over shoot by 500'AGL OYran6iV'o n Por'n
b

0BrirAU

Original 30-lVay-2019 Page | 44 Original 30-lVlay-2019 Page | 33

r ?qrl'4)

Ex. 17 CIRCUIT (Continued) Ex.20|LLUS|ONS CREATED bY DRIFT

On Base:
1. A/S safe flaps, 10', 20' lnto wind: (Take off, Final)
2. Power - Readjust for correct glide path (point of
zero movement) 1. lllusion-Reduced NS J,
3. Attitude - Readjust for 65kts (Fast or Slow?) 2. Actual- Reduced G/S ^/
4. Trim - Readjust 3. Tendency - lncrease Power'/ /
5. Wings level - Crab into wind as req. 4. Correction - FIY the correct AS J

Turning away from a head wind: (Crosswind)

Joining Final:
1. -
Look out "Clear UR" "TurningUR" 5. lllusion - SliP inwards
2. Gentle descending turn - No angle in 6, Actual- Drifting downwind, increased rateof
3. MaintainRWYcenterline turn
7. Tendency Apply outside rudder (Slip)
-
On Final: 8, Correction - Maintain coordinated turn. Crab
1. Power - On glide path (point of zero movement into wind once wings level

- RWY shape, PAPI) Downwind: (Tailwind)

2. Attitude - Maintain airspeed
3. Trim - Smalladjustments 9. lllusion - lncreased A/S
4. @20a'DH - "Overshoot" or "Continuing" 10. Actual - lncreased G/S
11. Tendency - Decrease Power
12, Correction - FIY the correct IAS
Aiming zone - 500' marks

Touch down zone - 1000' marks Turning from DW: (Base to final)
13. lllusion - Skid outwards
Overshoot: 14. Actual - Drifting outside
15. Tendency - Apply inside rudder (Skid)
1. "Power up" - Gently apply full power (Carb H
of0 16, Correction - Maintain coordinated turn' Crab
2. "Nose up" - Normal climb attitude into wind once wings level
4. "Clean up" - "Positive rate" above 60kts,
200ft "Flaps up"
3. Trim
4. lnform ATC

t.

Page | 34 Original 30-May-2019 Page | 43

Original 30-MaY-2019
 Ex. 18 APPROACH & LANDING (Continued) Ex. 17 CIRCUIT (Continued)

Crosswind
Wheel Shimmy: (Too fast & Too much weight on
nose) 1000'
V v
1. Ease back on Control column - Do NOT move "Clear
control column foruvard lett",
2. Full back pressure Radio "turning
"Positive
3. Minimum braking with safety
Call left" or
"100 to go"
o
{ rate" above
go) 60kts
whichever G
Wake Turbulence: (Behin'd a large aircraft) F. "Flaps up"
comes first
Take-off:

1. Delay take off - lnform ATC Pre landing checks /

Approach briefing
2. Avoid flight path of a large aircraft and remain
above the flight path
",
Landing:

L Avoid flight path of a large aircraft and remain

above the flight path l

.;c
2. Touch down beyond the point where the l

c
preceding aircraft touched down 3
3. Overshoot o

Wind Shear:
t, Radio
1. Recognize wind shear l

ri Call
2" Know the magnitude of the change i

3. Be prepared to correct or go around immediately DH 2OO'

"Approoch
Visual lllusions: Start turn, "A/S safe,
{ stdble,
reduce power flaps 10" 20" londing" or
L Wide RWY - Feels too low
55kts "Over
2. Narrow RWY - Feels too high :
shoot"
3. Upslope RWY - Feels too high
r
G

4. Downslope RWY - Feels too low

1

Base 500'

Original 30-May-201"9 Page | 42 0riginal 30-May-2019 t'age I 35

t---=T

Ex. 18 APPROACH & LANDING Ex. 18 APPROACH & LANDING (Continued)

lt

Stabilized approach: Landing lrregularities:

Finalapproach: Small bounce & balloon:

1. Power - On glide path Point of zero movement
1. Do NOT move controlcolumn forward
(RWY shape, PAPI)
2. Attitude - Maintain airspeed
2. Maintain cruiseATT

3. Trim - Smalladjustments
3. Slowly add back pressure

4. 4. Gentle apply power - Same manner as slow

@200' DH - "Overshoot" or "Continuing" flight
Round out: (Round out is the transition from nose down 5. Touch down with main gearsfirst
ATT to Cruise ATT)
Large bounce & balloon:
1. Aim point, T/D point assured 1. Overshoot if safe (consider RWY distance
2. Reduce power to idle or as req. remaining, obstacles, etc.)
3. Transition to cruise ATT il-
4. Enter ground effect zone and maintain altitude Wheel barrowing: (Too fast & Too much weight on
with back pressure nose)
5. While adding back pressure, focus on the end of
RWY and monitor sink iate using peripheral 1. Ease back on Control column - Do NOT apply
vision (watch for RWY end moving up on forward pressure
windshield) 2. Gently add back pressure
6. As A/C sinks, maintain altitude with back 3. Gentle apply power - Same manner as slow
pressure, transition to normal climbATT flight
7. Maintain normal climb ATT with back pressure 4. Touch down with main gears first
while allowing the aircraft to sink towards RWY 5, Exit RWY safely
6. lnspect for damage

NOTES:
NOTES:

Original 30-May-2019 Page | 36 Original 30-May-2019 Page | 41

 Ex. 18 APPROACH & LANDING (Continued) Ex. 18 APPROACH & LANDING (Continued)

Soft field landing:

Final approach: Touch down:
1. As per short field approach
2. Plan to touch down in the first 1/3 of RWY 1. Touch down with main gears first (Same ATT as
normalclimb)
Round out: 2. Maintain back pressure - Keep weight off the
nose
1. Upon passing RWY threshold, focus on end of
3. Allow nose to come down on its own
RWY
2. Gently reduce power - Control yaw Landing run:
3. Transition to cruise ATT gently - Look at end of
RWY 1. Look end of RWY - Keep RWY centerline with
4. Use some power - Allow A/S to bleed off by rudder
gently raising nose to end of RWY 2. Brake gently while maintaining back pressure
5. Slowly increase nose up ATT to maintain min. 3. Ensure A/C is moving slowly enough before
RoD with slowest possible speed (within safety exiting RWY ontotaxiway
margins) 4. lf required "Call clear of the runway"

Touch down: NOTE:

I
1. Maintain back pressure
2. Hold nose up ATT as long as possible

Landing run:
1. Keep some power (in real world, A/C will
decelerate quickly on a soft field. Do not get
stuck in or allow A/C to nose over
2. Use minimum braking necessary
3. Maintain centerline with rudder

Landing run

1. Keep some power (in real world, fuC will

decelerate quickly on a soft field. Do not get
stuck in or allow A/C to nose over)
2. Use minimum braking necessary
3. Maintain centerline with rudder

Original 30-lVay-2019 Page | 40 Original 30-May-2019 Page I 37

 Ex. 18 APPROACH & LANDING (Continued) Ex. 18 APPROACH & LANDING (Continued)

Short field landing:

Crosswind landing: 'tl Finalapproach:
1. Establish stabilized approach at 55kts
Final approach: (C152)/62kts (C-172) + Flaps 30o or as req.

1. Establish crosswind limitation (POH) 2. Verify aiming point for the pre-selected T/D point
(lVlake allowance for flare distance)
2. Use minimum flap setting - Gustfactor
3. Side slip - use ailerons to maintain centerline 3. Power - On glide path, point of zero movement
and rudder to keep long. axis aligned with RWY (RWY shape, PAPI)
centerline 4. Attitude - Maintain airspeed
5. Trim - Smalladjustments

Q:a Round out: 6. @200' DH - "Overshoot" or "Continulng"

1. Keep long. axis aligned with RWYcenterline Round out:
2. Look at end of RWY
1. Passing RWY threshold, focus on end of RWY
Touch down ii, 2. Bring power to idle gently - Controlyaw
1. Upwind wing low I 3. Transition to cruise ATT gently - Look at end of
RWY
2. Touch down with upwind main gearfirst .I
4. Allow A/S to bleed off by gently raising noseto
3, After both main wheels have touched down,
end of RWY
gradually increase aileron input until full
deflection
5. ltflaintain RWY centerline - Controlyaw

4. Allow nose to come down Touch down

5. Keep long. axis aligned with RWYcenterline
6. Brake gently while maintaining back pressure 1. Touch down on main gear first
7. Ensure A/C is moving slowly enough before 2. Allow nose wheel to come down
exiting RWY onto taxiway 3. Flaps up - Decreases lift
8. Allow nose to come down 4. lncrease braking action without locking thetires
9. Keep long. axis aligned with RWYcenterline 5. Full back pressure - Keep weight off the nose
10. Brake gently while maintaining back pressure wheel
11. Ensure A/C is moving slowly enough before Landing run: Rou ndo q t,
exiting RWY onto taxiway
1. Look end of RWY - Maintain R\A/Ycenterline
with rudder
2. Continue firm braking untilA/C comes to
complete stop

;:
ll

0riginal 30-MaY-201"9 Page i 38 Original 30-[t/ay-2019 Page | 39