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Proposal Writing_Lecture

Proposals are written to persuade an audience to take action, such as authorizing a project or accepting a service. They can be categorized into internal, external, solicited, unsolicited, planning, research, and sales proposals, each serving different purposes. Key components of a proposal include a title page, abstract, introduction, discussion, conclusion, and ethical communication practices.

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5 views

Proposal Writing_Lecture

Proposals are written to persuade an audience to take action, such as authorizing a project or accepting a service. They can be categorized into internal, external, solicited, unsolicited, planning, research, and sales proposals, each serving different purposes. Key components of a proposal include a title page, abstract, introduction, discussion, conclusion, and ethical communication practices.

Uploaded by

i230613
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Proposals

Why Write a Proposal?


Proposals attempt to persuade an audience to take some form of action:

to authorize a project

accept a service or product

support a specific plan for solving a problem

improving a situation
Types of Proposals
• Internal proposals _ written to management within your company
• External proposals _ written to sell a new service or product to an audience outside your
company
• Solicited proposals _ those that have been requested by a manager, client, or customer
• Unsolicited proposals _ those that have not been requested
• Planning proposals _ offer solutions to a problem or suggestions for improvement
• Research (or grant) proposals _ request approval (and often funding) for some type of
study
• Sales proposals _ offer services or products and may be either solicited or unsolicited
Criteria for Proposals
To guide your readers through a proposal, provide the following:
Title page
Cover letter (or cover e‐mail message for electronic submission of proposals)
Table of contents
List of illustrations
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion (the body of the proposal)
Conclusion/recommendation
Glossary
Works cited (or references) page
Appendix
Abstract
Audience _ multiple

They need information quickly

They need it presented in low‐tech terminology

Write an abstract or executive summary

The abstract, limited to approximately three to ten sentences, presents the problems leading to
your proposal, the suggested solutions, and the benefits your audience will derive.
Abstract (Continued…)
• Your introduction should include two primary sections:

Introduction 1.
2.
purpose
Problem
• In one to three sentences, tell your readers the purpose of
your proposal.
• Your purpose statement clarifies the proposal’s context.
Introduction (Continued…)
• Problem (Needs Analysis)- To clarify for the audience why this proposal is important,
explain the problems leading to your suggestions.
Discussion
• Sell your ideas persuasively
• Develop your ideas thoroughly through research
• Observe ethical technical communication standards
• Organize your content so the audience can follow your
thoughts easily
• Use graphics
Communicating Persuasively

Arouse audience involvement—focus on your audience’s needs that generated


this proposal.

Refute opposing points of view in the body of your proposal.

Give proof to develop your content, through research and proper documentation.

Urge action—motivate your audience to act upon your proposal by either buying
the product or service or adopting your suggestions or solutions.
Researching Content for
Proposals
• This can include primary and secondary sources such as
• the following:
• Interviewing customers, clients, vendors, and staff members
• Creating a survey and distributing it electronically or as
hard‐copy text
• Visiting job sites to determine your audience’s needs
• Using the Internet to locate sources of documentation, such as
articles
• Reading journals, books, newspapers, and other hard‐copy text
Communicating Ethically in Proposals
To write an ethical proposal, provide accurate information about
Credentials
Pricing
Competitors
Needs assessment
Sources of information and research
When using research, for example, cite sources accurately to avoid plagiarism
Comparison/contrast. Rely on this mode when
offering options for vendors, software, equipment,
facilities, and more.

Cause/effect. Use this method to show what


Organizing created a problem or caused the need for your
proposed solution.
Your Chronology. Show the timeline for implementation
Content of your proposal, reporting deadlines to meet, steps
to follow, and payment schedules.

Analysis. Subdivide the topic into smaller parts to


aid understanding.
Using Graphics
• Tables. Your analysis of costs lends itself to tables.
• Figures. The proposal’s main text sections could profit from the following figures:
• Line charts—excellent for showing upward and downward movement over a period of time. A line
chart could be used to show how a company’s profits have decreased, for example.
• Bar charts—effective for comparisons. Through a bar or grouped bar chart, you could reveal visually
how one product, service, or approach is superior to another.
• Pie charts—excellent for showing percentages. A pie chart could help you show either the amount of
time spent or amount of money allocated for an activity.
• Line drawings—effective for technical descriptions and process analyses.
• Photographs—effective for technical descriptions and process analyses. However, avoid clipart to avoid
distraction
• Flowcharts—a successful way to help readers understand procedures.
• Organizational charts—excellent for giving an overview of managerial chains of command.
Conclusion/Recommendations
• Sum up your proposal, providing your readers closure.
• The conclusion can restate the problem, your solutions, and
the benefits to be derived.
• Your recommendation will suggest the next course of
action.
• Specify when this action will or should occur and why that
date is important.
Conclusion/Recommendations
Prewriting
The Writing
Process at Writing
Work
Rewriting
Any Questions?

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