### **Question 1**

**(a)** (i) Outline two roles of input devices during computerized data processing. *(2 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **Data Entry**: Input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice) allow users to input raw data into the computer.

2. **Conversion**: They convert physical actions (e.g., clicks, keystrokes) or analog data (e.g., scanned
images) into digital signals for processing.

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(ii) Describe two categories of computers based on purpose. *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **General-Purpose Computers**: Designed for varied tasks (e.g., PCs, laptops). They can run multiple
applications like word processors, browsers, and games.

2. **Special-Purpose Computers**: Built for specific functions (e.g., ATMs, traffic light controllers). They
are optimized for efficiency in their dedicated roles.

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**(b)** Distinguish between portability and compatibility in software selection. *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

- **Portability**: Refers to the ability of software to run across different hardware or operating systems
without modification (e.g., web apps).

- **Compatibility**: Refers to software’s ability to function with existing hardware, OS, or other
software (e.g., a Windows program running on Windows 10).

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**(c)** (i) Suggest the most appropriate software for Damaris’s tasks. *(2 marks)*

**Answer:**

A **word processing program** (e.g., Microsoft Word). It allows creating customized documents,
reports, and meeting notes efficiently.

(ii) Explain two limitations of using this software. *(3 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **Limited Collaboration**: Real-time collaboration features are less advanced compared to cloud-
based tools like Google Docs.

2. **No Advanced Data Analysis**: Cannot perform complex calculations or data visualization required
for detailed reports.

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### **Question 2**

**(a)** Outline four options for the "change case" feature in document creation. *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. UPPERCASE (e.g., "HELLO").

2. lowercase (e.g., "hello").

3. Title Case (e.g., "Hello World").

4. Sentence case (e.g., "Hello world").

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**(b)** (i) Describe two areas where real-time processing is applied. *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **Banking**: Processing transactions instantly (e.g., ATM withdrawals).

(ii) Explain two advantages of distributed data processing. *(3 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **Faster Processing**: Workload is shared across multiple systems, reducing delays.

2. **Redundancy**: Data is duplicated across nodes, minimizing loss during failures.

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**(c)** Differentiate between compression and defragmentation. *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

- **Compression**: Reduces file size to save storage space (e.g., ZIP files).

- **Defragmentation**: Reorganizes fragmented files on a disk to improve read/write speed.

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### **Question 3**

**(a)** State eight special keys that move the cursor. *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. Arrow keys (↑, ↓, ←, →)

2. **Home** (moves to the beginning of a line).

3. **End** (moves to the end of a line).

4. **Page Up** / **Page Down** (scrolls through pages).

5. **Tab** (moves to the next field or cell).

6. **Enter** (moves to the next line).

**(b)** Outline four date/time functions in worksheets. *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. `TODAY()`: Inserts the current date.

2. `NOW()`: Inserts the current date and time.

3. `DATE(year, month, day)`: Creates a date value.

4. `DAY(date)`: Extracts the day from a date.

---

**(c)** (i) Explain two roles of RAM. *(3 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **Temporary Storage**: Holds active programs and data for quick CPU access.

2. **Multitasking**: Allows running multiple applications simultaneously without slowdowns.

(ii) Explain two limitations of floppy disks. *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **Low Capacity**: Typically 1.44 MB, insufficient for modern files.

2. **Fragility**: Prone to physical damage and data corruption.

---

### **Question 4**

**Answer:**

Editing involves modifying content (e.g., correcting errors, formatting text, or rearranging paragraphs) to
improve accuracy and readability.

(ii) Describe two methods to create a new document. *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **Blank Document**: Start from scratch by selecting "New" > "Blank Document".

2. **Template**: Use a pre-designed template (e.g., memo, report) to structure the document.

---

**(b)** (i) Identify four formatting features in the worksheet. *(2 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. Bold headers.

2. Borders around cells.

3. Column alignment (e.g., centered text).

4. Number formatting (e.g., quantities as numbers).

(ii) Suggest the most appropriate chart type. *(3 marks)*

**Answer:**

**Line Chart**. It effectively shows trends over time (e.g., sales from January to April).

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**(c)** Explain two functionalities of a database system. *(4 marks)*

1. **Data Querying**: Allows users to retrieve specific data (e.g., using SQL).

2. **Report Generation**: Automatically compiles data into structured reports.

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### **Question 5**

**(a)** Explain two ergonomic measures for computer labs. *(3 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **Adjustable Furniture**: Chairs and desks to support proper posture.

2. **Monitor Placement**: Screens at eye level to prevent neck strain.

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**(b)** (i) Differentiate transitions and animations. *(3 marks)*

**Answer:**

- **Transitions**: Effects applied when moving between slides (e.g., fade, wipe).

- **Animations**: Effects applied to elements within a slide (e.g., text flying in).

(ii) Describe slide sorter view. *(3 marks)*

**Answer:**

Slide sorter view displays thumbnails of all slides, allowing users to reorganize, delete, or preview the
flow of a presentation.

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**(c)** Explain three factors for choosing network topology. *(6 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **Scalability**: Ability to add more devices easily (e.g., bus topology is less scalable).

2. **Cost**: Budget for cabling and hardware (e.g., mesh is expensive).

3. **Reliability**: Redundancy in case of failures (e.g., star topology isolates faults).

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### **Question 6**

**(a)** Describe two options to protect a presentation file. *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **Password Protection**: Restrict opening/modifying the file without a password.

2. **Read-Only Mode**: Allow viewing but prevent edits.

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**(b)** Explain two ways companies cope with internet growth. *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

1. **Cloud Adoption**: Using cloud services (e.g., AWS) for scalable storage and computing.

2. **Cybersecurity Investments**: Implementing firewalls, encryption, and employee training.

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**(c)** (i) Describe the data processing cycle. *(3 marks)*

**Answer:**
1. **Input**: Collecting raw data (e.g., sales figures).

2. **Processing**: Analyzing or organizing data (e.g., calculating totals).

3. **Output**: Presenting results (e.g., reports, charts).

4. **Storage**: Saving data for future use (e.g., databases).

(ii) Explain the email tools labeled (I) and (II). *(4 marks)*

**Answer:**

- **(I)**: **Attach File** (paperclip icon) – used to add attachments to an email.

- **(II)**: **Send** (envelope/arrow icon) – used to dispatch the email to recipients.

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**End of Answers**