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Q4 - L1 Types of Data

The document discusses the importance of data in research, categorizing it into primary and secondary data. Primary data is original and collected directly by researchers for specific studies, while secondary data is pre-existing information gathered by others, which can be accessed easily and cost-effectively. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of secondary data, including its potential for bias and outdatedness, and distinguishes between internal and external sources as well as quantitative and qualitative types of secondary data.

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13 views16 pages

Q4 - L1 Types of Data

The document discusses the importance of data in research, categorizing it into primary and secondary data. Primary data is original and collected directly by researchers for specific studies, while secondary data is pre-existing information gathered by others, which can be accessed easily and cost-effectively. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of secondary data, including its potential for bias and outdatedness, and distinguishes between internal and external sources as well as quantitative and qualitative types of secondary data.

Uploaded by

greenhelix999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TYPES OF DATA

Data - information that can be collected, analyzed, and


interpreted to derive insights or support decision-
making. It can come in various forms, including numbers,
text, images, and sounds, and is essential in a wide range
of fields, including business, science, and technology.
WHY IS DATA IMPORTANT IN RESEARCH?

• Data are intended to represent facts and may become meaningless


without proper preservation of the context of collection and
interpretation (Boston University Libraries, n.d.a).
• The collection of data and its analysis assists researchers with
discovering answers to their research questions and hypotheses. In
some cases, it even predicts future outcomes (Office of Research
Integrity, n.d.a).
PRIMARY DATA
• Data originated for the first time by the researcher through direct efforts
and experience, specifically for the purpose of addressing his research
problem.
• Also known as the first hand or raw data.
• Primary data collection is quite expensive, as the research is conducted by
the organization or agency itself, which requires resources like investment
and manpower. The data collection is under direct control and supervision
of the investigator.
Primary data can be collected through various
methods like surveys, observations, physical
testing, mailed questionnaires, questionnaire
filled and sent by enumerators, personal
interviews, telephonic interviews, focus groups,
case studies, etc.
SECONDARY DATA

-already collected and recorded by any person other than


the user for a purpose, not relating to the current research
problem.
-It is the readily available form of data collected from various
sources like censuses, government publications, internal
records of the organization, reports, books, journal articles,
websites, and so on.
ADVANTAGES OF SECONDARY DATA

1.Ease of access
The secondary data sources are very easy to access, such as using the internet.
2. Low cost or free
The majority of secondary sources are free for use or at very low costs. It saves not only
your money but your efforts.
3.Time Saving
4. Allow you to generate new insights from
previous analysis
Reanalyzing old data can bring unexpected new
understandings and points of view or even new relevant
conclusions.
5. Longitudinal analysis
Secondary data allows you to perform a longitudinal analysis,
which means the studies are performed spanning over a large
time. This can help you to determine different trends.
Researchers can find secondary data from many years back up to
a couple of hours ago. It allows them to compare data over time.
6. Anyone can collect the data
Secondary data research can be performed by people who aren’t
familiar with the different data collection methods. Practically,
anyone can collect it.
7. A huge amount of secondary data with a wide variety
of sources
It is the richest type of data available to you in a wide variety of
sources and topics.
DISADVANTAGES OF SECONDARY DATA
1. Secondary data sources can give you a huge amount of information,
but quantity does not always mean appropriateness.
2. The secondary data might lack quality. The source of the
information may be questionable, especially when you gather the
data via the Internet.
3. As the secondary data is collected by someone else than you,
typically the data is biased in favor of the person who gathered it.
4. 4. Secondary data is collected in the past which means it might be
out-of-date.
TYPES OF SECONDARY DATA
TWO TYPES OF SECONDARY DATA, BASED ON THE
DATA SOURCE:
• Internal sources of data: information gathered within the
researcher’s company or organization (examples – a database
with customer details, sales reports, marketing analysis, your
emails, your social media profiles, etc).
• External sources of data: the data collected outside the
organization (i.e. government statistics, mass media channels,
newspapers, etc.)
SECONDARY DATA CAN BE 2 TYPES DEPENDING
ON THE RESEARCH STRANDS

• Quantitative data – data that can be expressed as a


number or can be quantified. Examples – the weight
and height of a person, the number of working hours,
the volume of sales per month, etc. Quantitative data
are easily amenable to statistical manipulation.
SECONDARY DATA CAN BE 2 TYPES DEPENDING
ON THE RESEARCH STRANDS

• Qualitative data – the information that can’t be expressed


as a number and can’t be measured.
• Qualitative data consist of words, pictures, observations,
and symbols, not numbers. It is about qualities. Examples –
colors of the eyes (brown, blue, green), your socioeconomic
status, customer satisfaction, and etc.
INTERNAL SOURCES OF DATA

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