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Virtualization technology enables multiple virtual instances to operate on a single physical machine, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs. It includes various types such as hardware, OS, network, and storage virtualization, along with key features like resource sharing and isolation. Additionally, the document outlines cloud computing history, deployment models, service types, and compares Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisors.

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6 views

Cc.

Virtualization technology enables multiple virtual instances to operate on a single physical machine, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs. It includes various types such as hardware, OS, network, and storage virtualization, along with key features like resource sharing and isolation. Additionally, the document outlines cloud computing history, deployment models, service types, and compares Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisors.

Uploaded by

hshdd5964
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Virtualization

Virtualization is a technology that allows multiple virtual instances to run on a single


physical machine. It abstracts hardware resources and creates a virtual environment for
better efficiency, cost reduction, and flexibility.

Key Features:
• Resource Sharing: Allows multiple users to share the same hardware.

• Scalability: Easily expands computing power without additional hardware.

• Isolation: Each virtual machine (VM) operates independently.

• Cost Efficiency: Reduces infrastructure costs by maximizing resource utilization.

Types of Virtualization:
1. Hardware Virtualization – Uses hypervisors to create virtual machines (e.g.,
VMware, Hyper-V).

2. OS Virtualization – Containers (e.g., Docker, Kubernetes) share the same OS kernel.

3. Network Virtualization – Uses VLANs and SDN to manage virtual networks.

4. Storage Virtualization – Combines multiple storage devices into a single system.

Cloud Computing History


• 1960s – Concept of time-sharing and virtualization emerged (IBM’s mainframes).

• 1990s – Internet expansion and emergence of Application Service Providers (ASP).

• 2006 – Amazon introduced Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), revolutionizing cloud


services.

• 2010s-Present – Growth of cloud giants like AWS, Azure, Google Cloud; widespread
adoption across industries.

Grid Computing
• Definition: A computing model where multiple computers work together to solve
large-scale computational problems.

• Key Features:
o Distributed Processing – Resources are spread across multiple machines.

o Scalability – New machines can be added to the grid as needed.

o Resource Sharing – Uses idle computing power from different sources.

o Fault Tolerance – Can withstand system failures due to distributed


architecture.

Difference between Grid Computing & Cloud Computing


Feature Grid Computing Cloud Computing

Resource Ownership Decentralized Centralized (third-party providers)

Scalability Moderate Highly scalable

Cost Model Shared infrastructure Pay-per-use

Use Case Scientific computing Web applications, SaaS

Cloud Deployment Models


Cloud deployment models define how cloud resources are shared and accessed.

Types of Cloud Deployment Models:

1. Public Cloud – Services are offered over the internet by third-party providers (e.g.,
AWS, Azure).

2. Private Cloud – A dedicated cloud infrastructure for a single organization.

3. Hybrid Cloud – A combination of public and private clouds for flexibility.

4. Community Cloud – Shared among organizations with common concerns (e.g.,


government institutions).

Types of Cloud Computing Services


Cloud services are categorized into different models based on their functionality.

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

• Provides virtualized computing resources like VMs, storage, and networking.

• Examples: Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine.


• Use Case: Hosting applications, data storage, running virtual servers.

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)

• Offers a development environment with pre-configured software tools.

• Examples: Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Service.

• Use Case: Software development, deployment, and testing.

3. Software as a Service (SaaS)

• Delivers ready-to-use applications over the internet.

• Examples: Gmail, Microsoft 365, Dropbox.

• Use Case: Email services, CRM, project management tools.

Type-1 and Type-2 Hypervisors


A hypervisor is software that creates and manages virtual machines (VMs).

Type-1 Hypervisor (Bare-Metal Hypervisor)

• Runs directly on the hardware without an OS.

• Examples: VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Xen.

• Advantages:

o High performance and efficiency.

o Direct hardware access for better resource management.

o More secure due to minimal OS dependency.

Type-2 Hypervisor (Hosted Hypervisor)

• Runs on top of an operating system.

• Examples: VMware Workstation, Oracle VirtualBox.

• Advantages:

o Easier to install and manage.

o Allows running multiple OS instances on a single machine.

o Useful for testing and development environments.

Comparison Between Type-1 and Type-2 Hypervisors


Feature Type-1 Hypervisor Type-2 Hypervisor

Execution Runs on bare metal Runs on top of OS

Performance High Moderate

Security More secure Less secure

Use Case Data centers, enterprise environments Personal use, testing

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