SAMPLING THEORY

1. Average mark scored by 32 boys in 72 with standard deviation of 8 while that for 36
girls is 70 with standard deviation of 6. Test at 1% LoS whether the boys perform
better than the girls.
Solution: 𝑛1 = 32 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛2 = 36(> 30, it is large sample)
𝑥1 = 72 ; 𝑥2 = 70 , 𝑠1 = 8 , 𝑠2 = 6
Step 1: Null Hypothesis 𝐻0 𝜇1 = 𝜇2 (i.e. performance of boys and girls is equal)
Alternative Hypothesis 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇1 > 𝜇2 (i.e boys perform better than the girls)(One tailed test).
Step 2: LOS = 1% (Two tailed tests)
LOS = 2% (One tailed test)
∴ Critical value 𝑧𝑎 = 2.33
Step 3: Since samples are large,

𝑠12 𝑠22 82 62
𝑆. 𝐸. = + = + = 1.732
𝑛1 𝑛2 32 36

Step 4: Test statistic

𝑥1 − 𝑥2 72 − 70
𝑍𝑐𝑎𝑙 = = = 1.1547
𝑆. 𝐸. 1.732
Step 5: Decision
Since 𝑧𝑐𝑎𝑙 < 𝑧𝑎 , 𝐻𝑎 is accepted.
∴ Boys do not perform better than the girls.
2. A random sample 50 items gives the mean 6.2 and standard deviation 10.24, can it be
regarded as drawn from a normal population with mean 5.4 at 5% level of
significance?
Solution: Sample 𝑛 = 50(> 30, so it is large sample)
𝑥 = 6.2 ; 𝜎 = 10.24
Step 1: Null hypothesis 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 5.4 (i.e. sample belongs to the population with mean 5.4).
Alternative hypothesis 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 ≠ 5.4 (i.e. sample does not belongs to population with mean
5.4) (two tailed test).
Step 2: LOS 5% (Two tailed test)
∴ Critical value 𝑍𝑎 = 1.96
Step 3: Since sample is large,
𝜎 10.24
𝑆. 𝐸. = = = 1.4482
𝑛 50
2 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

Step 4: Test Statistic

𝑥 − 𝜇 6.2 − 5.4
𝑍𝑐𝑎𝑙 = = = 0.5524
𝑆. 𝐸. 1.4482
Step 5: Decision
Since 𝑍𝑐𝑎𝑙 < 𝑧𝑎 𝐻0 is accepted.
∴ Sample can be regarded as drawn from a normal population with mean 5.4 at 5% LOS.
3. A sample of 8 students of 16 years each shown up a mean systolic blood of 118.4 mm
of Hg with S.D. of 12.17mm. While a sample of 10 students of 17 years each showed
the mean systolic BP of 121.0mm with S.D. of 12.88 mm during an investigation. The
investigator feels that the systolic BP is related to age. Do you think that the data
provides enough reasons to support investigators feeling at 5% LoS? Assume the
distribution “of systolic BP to be normal.
Solution: 𝑛1 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛2 = 10 (< 30, so it is small sample)
Step 1: Null Hypothesis (𝐻𝑜 ) = 𝜇1 = 𝜇2 (i.e. There is no relation between the systolic b.p.
and the age)
Alternative Hypothesis (𝐻𝑎 ) ∶ 𝜇1 ≠ 𝜇2 (i.e. There is a relation between the systolic
b.p. and the age)
Step 2: LOS = 5% (Two tailed test)
Degree of freedom = 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2 = 8 + 10 − 2 = 16
∴ Critical value 𝑡𝑎 = 2.12
Step 3: Given: 𝑥1 = 118.4 ; 𝑥2 = 121; 𝑠1 = 12.17; 𝑠2 = 12.88

𝑛1 + 𝑛2 8 × 12.172 + 10 × 12.882
𝑆𝑝 = = = 13.3329
𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2 8 + 10 − 2

1 1 1 1
S. E. = 𝑆𝑝 + = 13.3329 + = 6.3239
𝑛1 𝑛2 8 10

Step 4: Test statistic:

𝑥1 − 𝑥2 118.4 − 121
𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 = = = −0.4111, ∴ 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 0.4111
𝑆. 𝐸. 6.3239
Step 5: Decision:
Since 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 < 𝑡𝑎 , 𝐻𝑜 is accepted.
∴ There is no relation between the systolic b.p. and the age.
Hence, the data does not support investigators feeling.
 SAMPLING THEORY | 3

4. A total of 3759 individuals were interviewed in a public opinion survey on a political

proposal of them, 1872 were men and the rest were women. A total of 2257
individuals were in favour of the proposal and 917 were opposed to it. A total of 243
men were under and 442 women were opposed to the proposal. Do you justify on the
hypothesis that there is no association between sex and altitude at 5% LoS.
Solution:
Observed Frequency Expected Frequency
Attitude
Sex Sex
Men Women Total Men Women Total
1872 × 2257
In Favour 1154 1103 2257 = 1124 1133 2257
3759
Not in 1872 × 917
475 442 917 = 456.67 = 457 460 917
Favour 3759
Undecided 243 342 585 1872 − 1124 + 457 = 291 294 585
Total 1872 1887 3759 1872 1887 3759

Step 1: Null Hypothesis (𝐻𝑜 ) = There is no association between the sex and attitude.
Alternative Hypothesis (𝐻𝑎 ) = There is association between the sex and attitude
Step 2: LOS + 5% (Two tailed test)
Degree of freedom = 𝑟 − 1 𝑐 − 1
= 3−1 2−1 =2
∴ Critical value 𝑥𝑎2 = 5.9915
Step 3: Test Statistic.
2
Observed Expected 𝑂−𝐸
Frequency (O) Frequency (E) 𝑥2 =
𝐸
1154 1142 0.80
1103 1133 0.79
475 457 0.71
442 460 0.71
243 291 7.92
342 294 7.84
Total 18.77
2
2
𝑂−𝐸
𝑥𝑐𝑎𝑙 = = 18.77
𝐸
Step 4: Decision
2
Since 𝑥𝑐𝑎𝑙 > 𝑥𝑎2 , 𝐻𝑜 is rejected.
∴ There is association between the sex and attitude.
4 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

5. A machine a claimed to produce nails of mean length 5cm, and standard deviation of
0.45cm. A random sample of 100 nails gave 5.1 cm as average length. Does the
performance of the machine justify the claim? Mention the level of significance you
apply.
Solution: Expected mean thickness = 𝜇 = 5
Standard deviation 𝜎 = 0.45
Number of samples = 𝑛 = 100
Actual mean of samples = 𝑥 = 5.1
𝐻0 : Machine fulfils the requirement.
𝑥−𝜇 5.1 − 5
∴𝑡= 𝜎 = 0.45
𝑛 100
0.1 1
∴𝑡= = = 2.2223 = 2
0.45 0.45
10
∴ 𝑡calculated = 2
Level of significance = 5%
∴ 𝑡0.05(𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 ) = 1.96

∴ 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 > 𝑡(𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

∴ We reject the null hypothesis 𝐻0 . i.e. machine does not fulfil the requirement.
6. The mean inside diameter of a sample of 200 washers produced by a machine is 0.502
cm and the standard deviation is 0.005cm. The purpose for which these washers are
intended allows a maximum tolerance in the diameter of 0.496 to 0.506 cm, otherwise
the washers are considered defective. Determine the percentage of defective washers
produced by the machine, assuming the diameters are normally distributed.
Solution:
𝑥 − 𝜇 0.496 − 0.502
𝑍1 = = = −1.2
𝜎 0.005
𝑥 − 𝜇 0.508 − 0.502
𝑍2 = = = +1.2
𝜎 0.005
Hence the area for non-defective washers.
= Area between 𝑍 = −1.2 and 𝑍 = +1.2
= 2 (Area between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 1.2)
= 2 × 0.3849 = 0.7698 = 76.98%
Then the percentage of defective washers
= 100 − 76.98 = 23.02%
 SAMPLING THEORY | 5

7. The means of two random samples of size 9 and 7 are 196.42 and 196.82 respectively.
The sums of the square of the deviation from the means are 26.94 and 18.73
respectively. Can the samples be considered to have been drawn from the same
population?
Solution: 𝑛1 = 9 ; 𝑛2 = 7
𝑥1 = 196.42 ; 𝑥2 = 198.82
𝑆12 = 26.94; 𝑆22 = 18.73
For 95% confidence level 𝑍𝑎 = 1.96
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 196.42 − 198.82 = −2.4

𝑆12 𝑆22 26.94 18.73

𝑆= + = +
𝑛1 𝑛2 9 7

= 2.99 + 2.675 = 2.38

𝑥1 − 𝑥2 −2.4
∴𝑍= = = −1.008
𝑆 2.38
𝑍 = 1.008
𝑍 < 𝑍𝑎
∴ The hypothesis that, the two samples are drawn from same population is accepted.
8. The number of car accidents in a metropolitan city was found to be 20, 17, 12, 6, 7,
15, 8, 5, 16 and 14 per month respectively. Use 𝑿𝟐 test to check whether these
frequencies are in agreement with the belief that occurrence of accidents was the
same during 10 months period. Test at 5% level of significance.
Solution: Given 𝑋0.5,9 = 16.92
The accident conditions are same during 10-months period.
20 + 17 + 12 + 6 + 7 + 15 + 8 + 5 + 16 + 14 110
∴ Means accidents = = = 101
10 10
∴ 𝑒1 = 10 for 𝑖 = 1, 2, … . .10.
𝑜𝑖 20 17 12 6 7 15 8 5 16 14
𝑒𝑖 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
𝑜𝑖 − 𝑒𝑖 10 7 2 −4 −3 5 −2 −5 6 4

10 2 7 2 2 2 −4 2 −3 2 5 2 −2 2 −5 2 6 2 4 2
𝑋2 = + + + + + + + + +
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
100 + 49 + 4 + 16 + 9 + 25 + 4 + 25 + 36 + 16 274
= =
10 10
𝑋 2 = 27.4
6 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

Now degree of freedom = 10 − 1 = 9

(∴ one degree of freedom lost due to 𝑜𝑖 = 𝑒𝑖 )
2
𝑋 0.5,9 = 16.92 (from table)
∴ As calculated value of 𝑋 2 is greater than 𝑋 2 0.5,9
∴ 𝐻𝑜 is rejected
9. Ten individuals are chosen at random from a population and their height are found
to be 63. 63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 69, 70, 70, 71 inches Discuss the suggestion that the mean
height of the universe is 65 inches.
Solution: 𝑛 = 10(30, so it is small sample)
Step 1: Null Hypothesis 𝐻𝑜 ∶ 𝜇 = 65 (i.e. the mean of the universe is 65 inches)
Alternative hypothesis 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇1 ≠ 65 (i.e. the mean of the universe is not 65 inches)
(Two tailed test).
Step 2: LOS=5% (Two tailed test). Degree of freedom = 𝑛 − 1 = 10 − 1 = 9
∴ Critical value (𝑡𝑎 ) = 2.2622
Step 3:
𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬 (𝒙𝒊 ) 𝒅𝒊 = 𝒙𝒊 − 𝟔𝟕 𝒅𝟐 𝒊
63 −4 16
63 −4 16
64 −3 9
65 −2 4
66 −1 1
69 2 4
69 2 4
70 3 3
70 3 3
71 4 16
Total 0 88
𝒅𝒊 0
𝑑= = =0
𝑛 10
∴ 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 67 + 0
Since sample is small
2 2
𝑑𝑖2 𝑑𝑖 88 0
𝑠= − = − = 2.9965
1 𝑛 10 10
𝑠 2.9965
𝑆. 𝐸. = = = 0.9888
𝑛−1 9
 SAMPLING THEORY | 7

Step 4: Test statistic

𝑥 − 𝜇 67 − 65
𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 = = = 2.0227
𝑆. 𝐸 0.9888
Step 5: Decision: Since 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 < 𝑡𝑎 , 𝐻𝑜 is accepted
∴ The mean height of the universe is 65 inches.
10. The average of marks scored by 32 boys is 72 with standard deviation 8 while that of
36 girls is 70 with standard deviation 6. Test at 1% level of significance whether the
boys perform better than the girl.
Solution: Consider the hypothesis
(i) Null hypothesis 𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇1 = 𝜇2
Alternative Hypothesis 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇1 ≠ 𝜇2
(ii) Calculation of statistic
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 72 − 70 = 2
We have S12 = 64, S22 = 36 , n1 = 32, n2 = 36
Consider

S12 S22 64 36
S. E. = + = + = 3
n1 n2 32 36
x 1 −x 2 2
Now we have Z = = = 1.15
𝑆.𝐸. 3

(iii) Level of significance ∴ a = 1%

(iv) Critical value: The critical value of Za at 1% level of significance from the table is 2.58.
(v) Decision: Since the computed value of Z = 1.15 is less than the critical value Za = 2.58.
The hypothesis is accepted
∴ Boys do not perform better than girls.
11. In an experiment of immunization of cattle from Tuberculosis, the following result
where obtained
𝐀𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐍𝐨𝐭 𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥
𝐈𝐧𝐨𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝟐𝟔𝟕 𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟗𝟒
𝐍𝐨𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝟕𝟓𝟕 𝟏𝟓𝟓 𝟗𝟏𝟐
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟖𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟔
Use 𝐗 𝟐 Test to determine the efficieny of Vaccine in preventing truberculosis.
Solution: (i) Consider Null hypothesis Ho : Vaccine isnot effective.
Alternative Hypothesis Ha : Vaccine is effective.
(ii) Calculation of statistic : Consider the following table.
8 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

Affected Not affected Total

Inoculated 267 27 294
Not inoculated 757 155 912
Total 1024 182 1206
A×B
On the baisis of this hypothesis the number in there first cell; =
𝑁
Where A = no. of affected cattle = Total of first column
B = no. of inculated cattle = total of first row
N= total no. of observation
Thus we get the following table of calculated freqencies

Affected Not affected Total

Inoculated 249.6 = 250 44.6 = 44 294
Not inoculated 774.6 = 774 137.6 = 138 912
Total 1024 182 1206
0−E 2
Calculation of
𝐸

0−E 2
0 E
E
267 250 1.156
27 44 6.568
757 774 0.373
155 138 1.854
9.961
∴ 𝑋 2 = 9.961
Degree of freedom = 2 − 1 2 − 1 = 1
Level of significance = 𝑎 = 5%
𝑋 2 𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 3.84 Since 𝑋 2 𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 9.96 ≤ 𝑋 2 𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 3.84
∴ We reject null hypothesis i.e. Vaccine is effective.
12. In an experiment pea breading the following frequencies of seeds were obtained.
𝐑𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐲𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐖𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐲𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐑𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐖𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐤𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥
𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝟑𝟐 𝟓𝟓𝟔
Theory pressure that the frequencies should be in the proportion 9:3:3:1. Examine the
correspondence between theory and experiment using Chi-square Test.
Solution: Theory predicts that the frequencies should be in proportion 9:3:3:1
 SAMPLING THEORY | 9

We have following result of pea breading

Round and yellow Wrinkled and yellow Round and green Wrinckled and green Total
Ry My Rg Wg
315 101 106 32 556

We can calculate the expected frequencies using these ratios.

9
Expected frequency of Ry = × 556 = 32.75 = 313
16
3
Expected frequency of My = × 556 = 104.25 = 104
16
3
Expected frequency of Rg = × 556 = 104
16
1
Expected frequency of Wg = × 555 = 34.75 = 35
16

Consider the table for. 𝑋 2 test

0−𝐸 2
0 𝐸
𝐸
315 313 0.0128
101 104 0.0865
108 104 0.1538
32 35 0.2571
0.5102
We have Null hypothesis 𝐻0 : Frequencies are in proportion 9: 3: 3: 1
Alternate Hypothesis 𝐻𝑎 : Frequencies are not is proportion
Since 𝑋 2 = 0.5102 Level of significance 𝑎 = 0.05
Degree of freedom 𝑛 − 1 = 4 − 1 = 3
For 3 degree of freedom at 5% level of significance, the table value of 𝑋 2 is 7.81
2 2
∵ 𝑋𝑐𝑎𝑙 < 𝑋𝑡𝑎𝑏 ; ∴ Null hypothesis is accepted.
i.e. The frequencies are it's proportion 9: 3: 3: 1
13. A certain stimulus administered to each of 13 patients resulted in the following
change in blood pressure 5, 2, 8, -1, 3, 0, -2, 1, 5, 0, 4, 6. Can it be concluded that the
stimulus will increase the blood pressure (at 5% level of significance)?
Solution: We have 𝑎 = 3; Consider the following table
𝑥 : 5 2 8 −1 3 0 6 −2 1 5 0 4
𝑑𝑖 = 𝑥 − 3 : 2 −1 5 −4 0 −3 3 −5 −2 2 −3 1
2 2 : 4 1 25 16 0 9 9 25 4 4 9 1
𝑑 𝑖 = 𝑥−3
10 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

2
𝑑𝑖 −5
∴𝑥=𝑎+ =3+ = 2.5833 = 2.58
𝑛 12
2
2
( 𝑑𝑖 ) 25
(𝑥1 − 𝑥 ) = 𝑑 𝑖 − = 107 −
𝑛 12

(𝑥1 − 𝑥 ) = 104.92

Consider Null hypothesis Ho : μ = 0

Alternative Hypothesis Ha : μ > 0

(𝑥1 − 𝑥 )2
∴𝑆= = 2.96
𝑛
𝑥−𝜇 2.58 − 0 2.58
∴𝑡= = =
𝑠/ 𝑛 − 1 2.96/ 11 0.892

and degree of freedom = n-1=11 with 5% level of significance t a = 2.201

Since 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 > 𝑡𝑎 ∴ Null hypothesis is rejected
i.e. There is increase in blood pressure.
14. A die was thrown 132 times and the following frequencies were observed.
𝐍𝐨. 𝐎𝐛𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥
𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟗 𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟑𝟐

Using 𝒙𝟐 test. Examine the hypothesis that the die is unbiased.

Solution: (i) Consider null hypothesis 𝐻𝑜 : The die is unbiased.
Alternate hypothesis 𝐻𝑎 : The die is not unbiased
(ii) Calculation test statistic:
132
Expected frequency = = 22
6

We have the following table

𝑁𝑜. 0 𝐸 2
0−𝐸
1 15 22 49
2 20 22 4
3 25 22 9
4 15 22 49
5 29 22 49
6 28 22 36
196
 SAMPLING THEORY | 11

2
0−𝐸 196
∴ 𝑋2 = = = 8.91
𝐸 22
(iii) Level of significance: 𝑎 = 0.05
Degree of freedom: 𝑛 − 1 = 6 − 1 = 5
(iv) Critical value: For 5 dr at 5% level of significance, the table value of 𝑋 2 is 11.07
(v) Decision: Since the calculated value is less than table value; the hypothesis is accepted
i.e. the die is unbiased.

Alternatively: Step to test the hypothesis 𝝁𝟏 = 𝝁𝟐 = 𝝁𝟑

1. Take the sum of the values of all items of all samples which is denoted by T i.e

𝑇= 𝑥𝑖𝑗
𝑖 𝑗

2. Calculate the correction factor C which is given by

𝑇2
𝑐=
𝑁
Where N = the number of all items
3. Find the sum of the squares of the values of all items of all samples i.e Find 𝑥𝑖𝑗2
4. Find the total of the sum of the squares SST where
𝑇2
𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 𝑥2𝑖𝑗 −
𝑁
5. Find the sum of the squares between the samples SSC given by
( 𝑥1 )2 ( 𝑥2 )2 ( 𝑥3 )2 𝑇 2
𝑆𝑆𝐶 = + + −
𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑛3 𝑁
6. Find the sum of the squares within the samples SSE from the results
𝑆𝑆𝐸 = 𝑆𝑆𝑇 – 𝑆𝑆𝐶
7. Construct the ANOVA table and find the Value of F.
If the computed value of F is less than the table value, the hypothesis is accepted otherwise
rejected.
12 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

SAMPLING THEORY FOR PRACTICE

1. The mean breaking strength of cable supplied by manufacturer is 1800 with standard
deviation 100. By a new technique in the manufacturing process it is claimed that a
sample of 50 cables is tested. It is found that the mean braking strength is 1850. Can we
support the claim at 1% level of sighificance.
2. A total number of 3759 individuals were interviewed in a public opinion survey on
political proposal of them 1872 were men and the rest were women. A total of 2257
individuals were in favour of the proposal and 917 were opposed to it. A total of 243 men
were undecided and 442 women were opposed to the proposal. Do you justify on
contradict the hypothesis that there is no association between sex and attitude, at 5%
level of significance.
3. A drug was administered to 5 persons and the systolic blood pressure before and after
was measured. The result are given below:
Candidiates I II III IV V
B.P. before 140 130 132 150 150
B.P. after 132 126 133 144 123
Test whether the drug is effective in lowering the systolic blood pressure at 5% level of
significance.
4. A sample of size 9 from a normal population gave 𝑥 = 15.8 and 𝑆 2 𝑥 = 10.3. Find 99%
interval of population mean. Define test statistic.
5. The average of marks scored by 32 boys is 72 with standard deivation 8 while that of 36
girls is 70 with standard deviation 6. Test at 1% level of significance whether the boys
perform better than the girls.
6. Investigate the association between the darkness of eye colour in father and son from the
following data:
Colour of Fathers' eyes
Dark Not Dark Total
Dark 48 90 138
Not Dark 80 782 862
Total 128 872 1000
7. The average of marks scored by 32 boys is 72 with standard deviation 8 while that of 36
girls is 70 with standard deviation 6. Test at 1% level of significance whether the boys
perform better than the girls.
8. A candidate at an election claims that, in a locality 90% voters support him. Verify his
claim if in a random sample of 400 voters from a locality, 320 supported him.
9. A sample of 100 students is taken from a large population; the mean height of students in
this sample is 160 cm. Can it be reasonably regarded that is the population; the mean
height is 165 cm and standard deviation 10 cm.
 SAMPLING THEORY | 13

10. Nine items of a sample had the following values: 45, 47, 50, 52, 48, 49, 53, 51. Does the
mean of 9 items differ significantly from the assumed population mean 47.5?
11. Fit a Poisson distribution to the following data and test goodness of fit:
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
F 142 156 69 27 5 1
12. Two bathes of 12 animals are taken for inoculation. The numbers of dead and serving
animals are given. Can the inoculation be regarded as effective against the disease at 5%
level of significance?
Dead Survived
Inoculated 2 10
Non-Inoculated 8 4
13. A certain injection administered to each of the 12 patients resulted in the following
increase of blood pressure : 5 , 2 , 8 , -1 , 3 , 0 , 6 , -2 , 1 , 5 , 0 , 4. Can it be concluded
that the injection will be in general accompanied by an increase in B.P. ?
14. The mean breaking strenght of cables supplied by a manufacturer is 1800 with standard
deviation 100. By a new technique in the manufacturing process it is claimed that the
breaking strength of the cable has increase. In order to test the claim a sample of 50 cable
is tested. It is found that mean breaking strength is 1850. Can we support the claim at 1%
level of significance?
15. A company marks car tires. Their lives are normally distributed with mean 40,000k.m.
and standard deviation 3,000 k.m. A change in a production process is believed to result
in a better product. A test sample of 64 new tires has mean life of 41200k.m. Can you
conclude that there is no significant difference between new product mean and current
mean?
16. Explain:
(a) Null hypothesis (b) Alternate hypothesis
(c) Critical region (d) Level of significance
(e) types of errors (f) one tailed two tests
17. The following table give the information regarding the colour of hair and colour of eye.

Hair colour → black fair brown Total

Colour of eye ↓
Brown 10 22 32 64
Blue 15 28 29 72
Grey 25 20 19 64
Total 50 70 80 200
Use 𝑥 2 − 𝑡est to determine whether there is any association between hair colour and eye
colour.
14 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

18. For a random sample of 10 children fed on diet 'A' the increase in weights was 10, 6, 16,
17, 13, 12, 8, 14, 15, 9. For a random sample of 12 children fed on diet 'B' the increase in
weights was 7, 13, 22, 15, 12, 14, 18, 8, 21, 23, 10, 17. Test whether the diets 'A' & 'B'
differ significantly as regard effect in increase in weight. Use 5% LOC.
19. A sample of 100 students is taken from a large population the mean heights of students in
this sample is 160 cm. Can it be reasonably regarded that in the population the mean
height is 165 cm. and standard deviation is 10 cm. (Given : 𝑍𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 1.96(5% 2 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑑)
20. Fit second degree parabolic curve to the following data:
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Y 2 6 7 8 10 11 11 10
21. Samples of two types of electric bulbs were tested for length of life and following data
were obtained:
No. of Sample Mean of Sample Standard deviation
Sample 1 8 1134 hrs 36hrs
Sample 2 7 1024 hrs 40hrs
Test at 5% level of significance whether the difference in the sample means is significant.
(Table value of t [06] for 13 d.f. is 2.16, for 14 d.f. is 2.15 and for 15 d.f. is 2.13.)
22. Fitting of binomial distribution for following date and testing goodness of fit :
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
F 5 18 28 12 7 6 4
(Given : 𝑋 2 𝑓𝑎𝑏 = 5.991 (𝑣 = 2,5% 𝐿. 𝑂. 𝑆. )
23. The following data is collected on two characters. Based on this, can you say that there is
no relation between smoking and Literacy :
Smokers Non-smoker
Literates 83 57
Illiterates 45 68
(Given : 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑎𝑏 = 3.841 𝑣 = 1,5% 𝐿. 𝑂. 𝑆. )
24. The mean value of a random sample of 60 items was found to be 145, with standard
deviation of 40. Find the 95% confidence limits for the population mean.
25. Test significance of difference between the means of samples drawn from two normal
populations with the following data :
Size mean s. d
Sample I 100 61 4
Sample II 200 63 6
26. According to theory of proportion of commodity in the four classes A, B, C, D should be
9 : 2 : 4 : 1. In a survey of 1600 items of this commodity the numbers in four classes were
882, 432, 168 and 118. Does the survey support the theory?
 SAMPLING THEORY | 15

27. A random sample of size 36 has 53 as mean and sum of squares of deviation from mean
is 150. Can this sample be regarded as drawn from the population having 54 as mean.
28. In a sampling a large number of parts manufactured by a machine, the mean number of
defective in a sample of 20 is out of 100 such samples, how many would you expect to
contain 3 defective. (i) Using the Binomial distribution (ii) Using Poisson distribution.
29. Theory predicts that the proportion of beans in the four groups A, B, C, D should be
9:3:3:1. In an experiment among 1600 beans the number in four groups were 882, 313,
287 and 118. Does the experimental result support the theory?

LARGE SAMPLE TEST

1. The mean value of 60 items was to be 145 with standard deviation of 40 .Find the 95%
confidence limits For the population mean .What size of the sample is required to
estimate the population mean with error of 5 units with 95% or more confidence using
the sample mean?
40 𝑥 1.96 2
∴𝑛= = 245.86 = 246.
5
2. Cardiac patients were implanted pacemakers to central heart-beast. A plastic connector
module mounts on Top of the pacemaker. Assuming standard deviation of 0.0015 inches
and normal distribution, find 95% Confidence interval for the meansize of the connector
module. A random sample of 75 modules has an average of 0.31 inches. How large a
sample is needed if we wish to be 95% confident that the sample mean will be within
0.0005 inches from the true mean? [Ans: The required sample size = 35]
3. A simple random sample of size 65 was drawn in the process of estimating the mean
annual income of 950 families of a certain township. The mean and standard deviation of
the sample were found to be Rs.4730 and Rs.765 respectively. Find a 95% confidence
interval for the population mean (Table value of z for confidence level at 95% level is
1.96) [Ans: (a) At 95% confidence level the critical value = 𝑍𝛼 = 1.96.
(b) Since sample is large = 91.686
(c)The confidence interval is 𝑥 ± 1.96 𝜎 𝑥 ]
4. A random sample of 625 items form a normal population of unknown mean has mean 10
and S.D 1.5 What are 95% and 99% fiducial limits for the population mean?
[Ans: 9.88 to 10.12,9.85 to 10.15]
5. A firm desires to estimate with an error of not more than 0.04 and at a level of 99%
confidence level the proportion of consumers who prefer its brand of toothpaste. Sales
reports indicate that about 40% consumers prefer the firms brand. Find the sample size?
[Ans: 998.46 ≈ 999]
6. A random sample of 50 items gives the mean 6.2 and standard deviation 10.24 Can it be
regarded as drawn from a normal population with mean 5.4 at 5% level of significance?
[Ans: The sample is drawn from the population with mean 5.4]
7. Can it be concluded that the average life-span of an Indian is more than 70 years, if a
random sample of 100 Indians has an average life span of 71.8 years with standard
deviation of 7.8 years? [Ans: The hypothesis is Rejected]
16 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

8. A tyre company claims that the lives of tyres have mean 42,000 kms with S.D of 4000
kms. A change in the production process is believed to result in better product. A test
sample of 81 new tyres has a mean life of 42,500 kms .Test at 5% level of significance
that the new product is significantly better than the old one.
[Ans: There is no improvement]
9. The mean height of random sample of 100 individuals from a Population is 160 The S.D
of the same is 10. Would it be reasonable to suppose that the mean height of the
population is 165? [Ans: 𝑍 = 5, 𝑁𝑜]
10. The mean breaking strength of cables supplied by a manufacture is 1800 with standard
deviation 100 .By a new technique in the manufacturing process it is claimed that the
breaking strength of the cable has increased .In order to test the claim a sample of 50
cables is tested. It is found that the mean breaking strength is 1850. Can we support the
claim at 1 % level of significance. [Ans: 𝑧 = 3.54. Right lait test Yes]
11. A machine is set to produce metal plates of thickeness.1.5 cms with standard deviation of
0.2 cms A sample of 100 plates produced by the machine gave an average thickness of
1.52 cms Is the machine fulfilling the purpose? [Ans: 𝑧 = 1, 𝑌𝑒𝑠]
12. A candidate at an election clam is that in a locality 90% voters support him. Verify his
claim if in a random sample of 400 voters from a locality, 320 supported him.
[Ans: 90% voters do not support the candidate]
13. A coin is tossed 400 times and was found to result in head 245 times. Can we conclude
that coin is fair? [Ans: 𝑧 = 4.5 𝑁𝑜]
14. The manufacturer of patent medicine claimed that it is effective in reliving 90% of the
people suffering from the disease. From a sample of 200 people using the medicine 160
were relieved of suffering. Determine if the claim is legitimate. [Ans: 𝑍 = 4.71 No]
15. A cubical die was thrown 9000 time and throw of 3 or 4 was observed 3240 times .Test if
the die is biased. Also find limits within which the proportion of throw of 3 or 4 will lie.
[Ans: 𝑝 = 0.36, 𝑧 = 5.36 Yes the die is baised]
16. Two samples drawn from two different populations gave the following results.
Size Mean S.D
Sample I 400 124 14
Sample II 250 120 12
Find 95% confidence limits for the difference between the population means.
[Ans: The difference between the mean lies between 1.98 and 6.02]
17. Two samples drawn from two different populations gave the following results.
Size Mean S.D
Sample I 300 87 10
Sample II 250 84 8
Find 95% confidence limits for the difference between the population means.
[Ans: 3 ±1.5]
 SAMPLING THEORY | 17

18. The average of mark obtained by 50 boys in a test 65 with standard deviation 10 and the
average of marks obtained by 40 girls in the same test is 70 with standard deviation 8.
Obtain 1 % confidence limits For the difference between the two average.
[Ans: 5 ±4.89]
19. The average of marks scored by 32 boys is 72 with standard deviation 8 while that of 36
girls is 70 with standard deviation 6.Test at 1% level of significance whether the boys
perform better then the girls. [Ans: Boys do not perform better then the girls]
20. Two populations have the same mean but the standard deviation of one is twice that of
the other. Show that in samples, each of size 500, Drawn under simple random conditions
the difference of the means, in all Probability, Will not exceed 0.3𝜎, where 𝜎 is the
smaller standard deviation. [Ans: Probability will be < 0.3𝜎]
21. A sample of 200 fish of a particular kind taken at random from one end of a lake had
mean weight of 20lbs in samples and standard deviations of 2 lbs. At other end of the
lake, a sample of 80 fish of the same kind had mean weight of 20-25 lbs and standard
deviation of 2 lbs also Is the difference between the mean weights significant?
[Ans: 𝑧 = 1.84, 𝑁𝑜]
22. The mean life of a sample of 100 electric light bulbs was found to be 1456 hours with
S.D 400 A second sample of 225 bulbs chosen from a different batch showed a mean life
of 1400 hours with standard deviation of 144 hours .Assuming that the two populations
have same standard deviation find is there any significant difference between the mean of
two batches? [Ans: 𝑧 = 1.34, 𝑁𝑜]
23. A machine produced 20 defective articles in a batch of 400 After overhauling it produced
10 defectives in batch of 300.Has the machine improved?
[Ans: The machine has not improved after overhauling]
24. The mean breaking strength of cable supplied by manufacturer is 1800 with standard
deviation 100. By a new technique in the manufacturing process it is claimed that a
sample of 50 cable is tested. It is found that the mean braking strength is 1850. Can we
support the claim at 1% level of significance.
25. A total number of 3759 individuals were interviewed in a public opinion survey on
political proposal of them 1872 were men and the rest were women. A total of 2257
individuals were in favour of the proposal and 917 were opposed to it. A total of 243 men
were undecided and 442 women were opposed to the proposal. Do you justify on
contradict the hypothesis that there is no association between sex and attitude, at 5%
level of significance.
26. A candidate at an election claims that, in a locality 90% voters support him. Verify his
claim if in a random sample of 400 voters from a locality, 320 supported him.
27. A random sample of size 36 has 53 as mean and sum of squares of deviation from mean
is 150. Can this sample be regarded as drawn from the population having 54 as mean.
18 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

SMALL SAMPLE TEST

1. Nine items of a sample had following values 45, 47, 50, 52, 48, 47, 49, 53, 51. Does the
mean of 9 items differ significantly from the assumed population mean 47.5 ?
[Ans: The mean of 9 items does not differ significantly from the assumed population
mean 47.5]
2. Ten individuals are chosen at random from a population and their heights are found to be
63, 63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 69, 70, 70, 71 inches. Discuss the suggestion that the mean height
of the universe is 65 inches [Ans: The mean height of the universe may be 65 inches]
3. Tests made on breaking strength of 10 pieces of a metal wire gave the following results:
587, 572, 570, 568, 572, 570, 570, 572,596 and 584 in kgs. Test if the breaking strength
of the metal wire can be assumed to be 577 kg? [Ans.: The mean is 577]
4. A random sample of 16 observations has mean 27. The sum of the squares of the
deviations from the mean is 140. Can this sample be regarded as coming from the
population having 30 as the mean? 𝑡15 = 2.131 and 𝑡16 = 2.120 at 5 % level
[Ans.: t = 3.93, No]
5. A machine is designed to pack edible oil in tins of 5 kgs A random sample of 10 tins
gave th average weight of a tin as 4.8 kg and standard deviation of 2kgs. Is the machine
working properly? Value of t for 9 Degrees of freedom at 5% level of significance IS
2.262 [Ans.: –t = 3 , NO]
6. A machine is designed to produce insulating washers for electrical devices of average
thickness of 0.025cms. A random sample for 10 washers was found to have average
thickness of 0.024, with standard deviation of 0.002cms test the significance of the
deviation [Ans.: − 𝑡 = 1.5; Accept 𝐻0 ]
7. A certain drug administered to 12 patients resulted in the following change in their Blood
pressure: 5, 2, 8, -1, 3, 0, 6, -2, 1, 5, 0, 4. Can we conclude that the drug increases the
blood pressure?
[Ans.: –t= 2.89, one tailed test 𝑋 > 𝜇 is to be accepted. There is increase in B.P]
8. The means of two random samples of size 9 and 7 are 196.42 and 198.82 respectively .
The sum of the squares of the deviation from the means are 26.94 and 18.73 respectively.
Can the samples be considered to have been drawn from the same population?
[Ans: The samples cannot be considered to have been drawn from the same population]
9. Samples of two types of electric bulbs were tested for length of life and the following
data were obtained
Type I Type II
No of samples 8 7
Mean of the samples (in hours) 1134 1024
Standard deviation (in hours) 35 40
Test at 5% level of significance whether the difference in the sample mean is significant.
(Table value of t for 13 d.f is 2.16, for 14 d.f is 2.15 and for 15 d.f is 2.13)
[Ans.: The difference is significant]
 SAMPLING THEORY | 19

10. The heights of six randomly chosen saliors are in inches: 63, 65, 68, 69, 71, and 72. The
heights of ten randomly chosen soldiers are: 61, 62, 65, 66, 69, 69, 70, 71, 72 and 73.
Discuss in the light that these data throw on the suggestion that the soldiers on an
average are taller then sailors.
[Ans.: The means are equal i.e the suggestion that the soldiers on the average are taller
than sailors cannot be accepted]
11. The mean and standard deviation of heights of 8 randomly chosen soldiers are 166.9
cms. and 8.29 cms respectively. The corresponding values for 6 randomly chosen
sailors are 170.3 cms. And 8.5 cms. respectively. Based on this data can we conclude
that the soldiers, in general, are shorter than the sailors? Find 95% confidence limits for
the statistic used. [Ans.: 𝑡 = 0.6967. 𝑁𝑜, 3.4 ± 17.74]
12. Two kinds of manures were used in seventeen plots of the same size other conditions
being the same the yields in quintals are given below.
Manure - I: 35 42 40 42 34 24 42
Manure - II: 34 44 32 40 52 41 50 40 42 45
Test at 5% level of significance whether the two manures differ as regards their mean
yields. (Table value of t at 5% level of significance for 15 degrees of freedom is 2.131)
[Ans.: t = 1.68 Difference is not significant]
13. A certain injection administered to 12 patients resulted in the following change of blood
pressure: 5, 2, 8, -1, 3, 0, 6, -2, 1, 5, 0, 4. Can it be concluded that the injection will be
in general accompanied by an increase in blood pressure?
[Ans.: There is rise in B.P]
14. Ten school boys were given a test in statistics and their scores were recorded. They
were given a months special coaching and a second test was give to them in the same
subject at the end of the coaching period test if the marks given below given evidence
to the fact that students are benefitted by coaching.
Marks In Test I : 70 68 56 75 80 90 68 75 56 58
Marks In Test I : 68 70 52 73 75 78 80 92 54 55
[Ans.: The students are not benefitted by coaching]
15. In a certain experiment to compare two types of pig-tools A and B the following results
of increasing weights were obtained
Pig Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Increase in weight X kg by A 49 53 51 52 47 50 52 53
Increase in weight Y kg by B 52 55 52 53 50 54 54 53
(a) Assuming that the two sample of pigs are independent , can we conclude that food
B is better than food A
(b) Examine the case if the same set of pigs were used in both the cases
[Ans.: Food B is superior to food A]
20 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

16. A drug was administered to 5 persons and the systolic blood pressure before and after
was measured. The result are given below
Candidates I II III IV V
B. P. before 140 130 132 150 140
B. P After 132 126 133 144 133
Test whether the drug is effective in lowering the systolic blood pressure. (For v=4 the
table value of at1% LEVEL is 4.6)
[Ans.: 𝑡 = 3 Accept 𝜇1 = 𝜇2 The drug is not effective]
17. The following data relates to the marks obtained by 11 students in two tests, one held at
the beginning of the year and the other at the end of the year after giving intensive
coaching.
Test - I: 19 23 16 24 17 18 20 18 21 19 20
Test - II: 17 24 20 24 20 22 20 20 18 22 18
Do the data indicate that the students are benefited by coaching? Ans.: 𝑡 = 1.38 , 𝑁𝑜
18. The following data represent the marks obtained by 12 students in 2 tests. One held
before coaching and the other after coaching.
Test - I 55 60 65 75 49 25 18 30 35 51 61 72
Test - II 63 70 70 81 54 29 21 38 32 50 70 80
Do the data indicate that the coaching was effective in improving the performance of the
students? [Ans: – 𝑡 = 4, Yes]
19. An I.Q. test was administered to 5 persons before and after training the result are given
below
1 2 3 4 5
I.Q Before Training: 110 120 123 132 125
I.Q After Training: 120 118 125 136 121
Test whether there is any change in I.Q. after the training programme. Use 1% level of
signification [Ans: 𝑡 = 0.82 the value of 𝑡 for 𝑣 = 4 at 1% level of
significance = 4.6𝐻0 accepted]
20. The number of car accidents in a metropolitan city was found to be 20, 17, 12, 6, 7, 15, 8,
5, 16 and 14 per month respectively, Use 𝑥 2 test to check whether these frequencies are
in agreement with the belief that occurrence of accidents was the same during 10 months
period. Test at 5% level of signification (Table value of 𝑥 2 at 9 d. f is 16.9)
[Ans: Accidents do not occur equally on all months]
21. 300 Digits were chosen at random from a table of random numbers. The frequency of
digits was as Follows.
Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total
Frequency 28 29 33 31 26 35 32 30 31 25 300
Using 𝑥 2 test examine the hypothesis that the digits were distributed in equal number in
the table. [Ans: Digits are equally distributed in the table]
 SAMPLING THEORY | 21

22. Theory Predicts that the proportion of beans in the four groups A, B, C, D should be 9: 3:
3 : 1. In an experiment among 1600 beans the numbers in the four groups were 882, 313,
287 and 118. Does the experimental result support the theory?
[Ans: The proportion 9:3:3:1 is correct]
23. Investigate the association between the darkness of eye colour in father and son from the
following data.
Colour of father’s eyes
Dark NOT DARK TOTAL
Dark 48 90 138
Colour of son’s Eyes
Not Dark 80 728 862
Total 128 872 1000
[Ans.: These is an association between darkness of colour of fathers and sons]
24. The figures given below are (a) the observed frequencies of a distribution,(b) the
frequencies of the normal distribution having the same mean, Standard deviation and the
total frequency as in (a)
(a) 1 12 66 220 495 792 924 792 495 220 66 12 1
(b) 2 15 66 210 484 799 943 799 484 210 66 15 1
2
Apply 𝑥 test of goodness of fit [Ans.: The fit is good]
25. Find the equation of the best fitting normal curve to the following distribution. Compare
theoretical and observed frequencies
X 2 4 6 8 10 1 1 𝑥−6 2
𝐀𝐧𝐬. : 𝑦 = 𝑒 −2 2
F 1 4 6 4 1 2𝜋2
26. An item is produced on four machines and inspection of samples of these items show the
following result
M-I M-2 M-3 M-4 Total
Grade I 30 42 32 45 149
Grade II 20 18 18 15 71
Total 50 60 50 60 220
Test at 0.05 level of significance whether the proportion of Grade I items is same in the
production of all machines [Ans: Proportion of Grade I items is same for All Machines]
27. A drug was administered to 5 persons and the systolic blood pressure before and after
was measured. The result are given below :
Candidates I II III IV V
B.P. before 140 130 132 150 150
B.P. after 132 126 133 144 123
Test whether the drug is effective in lowering the systolic blood pressure at 5% level of
significance.
28. A sample of size 9 from a normal population gave 𝑥 = 15.8 and 𝑆 2 𝑥 = 10.3. Find 99%
interval of population mean. Define test statistic.
22 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

29. Fit a Poisson distribution to the following data and test goodness of fit :
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
F 142 156 69 27 5 1
30. Two bathes of 12 animals are taken for inoculation. The number of dead and serving
animals is given. Can the inoculation be regarded as effective against the disease at 5%
level of significance?
Dead Survived
Inoculated 2 10
Non-Inoculated 8 4
31. The following table gives the information regarding the colour of hair and colour of eye.
Hair colour → black fair brown Total
Colour of eye ↓
Brown 10 22 32 64
Blue 15 28 29 72
Grey 25 20 19 64
Total 50 70 80 200
2
Use 𝑥 − 𝑡est to determine whether there is any association between hair colour and eye
colour.
32. For a random sample of 10 children fed on diet 'A' the increase in weights was 10, 6, 16,
17, 13, 12, 8, 14, 15, 9. For a random sample of 12 children fed on diet 'B' the increase in
weights was 7, 13, 22, 15, 12, 14, 18, 8, 21, 23, 10, 17. Test whether the diets 'A' & 'B'
differ significantly as regard effect in increase in weight. Use 5% LOC.
33. Fitting of binomial distribution for following date and testing goodness of fit :
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
F 5 18 28 12 7 6 4
2
(Given: 𝑋 𝑓𝑎𝑏 = 5.991 (𝑣 = 2,5% 𝐿. 𝑂. 𝑆. ))
34. The following data is collected on two characters. Based on this, can you say that there is
no relation between smoking and Literacy :
Smokers Non-smoker
Literates 83 57
Illiterates 45 68
(Given: 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑎𝑏 = 3.841 𝑣 = 1,5% 𝐿. 𝑂. 𝑆. )
35. Test significance of difference between the means of samples drawn from two normal
populations with the following data :
Size mean s. d
Sample I 100 61 4
Sample II 200 63 6
 SAMPLING THEORY | 23

36. According to theory of proportion of commodity in the four classes A, B, C, D should be

9 : 2 : 4 : 1. In a survey of 1600 items of this commodity the numbers in four classes were
882, 432, 168 and 118. Does the survey support the theory?
37. Theory predicts that the proportion of beans in the four groups A, B, C, D should be
9:3:3:1. In an experiment among 1600 beans the number in four groups were 882, 313,
287 and 118. Does the experimental result support the theory?

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
1. A Market analyst took a sample of 20 shops in a big city to determine the variation in the
prices of a commodity. The mean of the prices was 95 and the standard deviation was 8.
Find 95% confidence interval for the standard deviation of the commodity prices
2 2
(𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝑥0.025 = 32.85 , 𝑥0.975 = 8.91 for 19 d. o. f at 5% level of significance)
2. Weights in kg of 10 students are given below
38, 40, 45, 53, 47, 43, 55, 48, 52, 49,
Find the interval of the standard deviation of the population at 5% level of confidence
2 2
𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝑥0.025 = 19.0 , 𝑥0.975 = 2.70 for 𝑣 = 9
3. A sample of 101 light bulbs yielded a standard deviation of 85 burning Hours. find 90%
confidence interval for population standard deviation
2 2
(𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: For 𝑣 = 100 , 𝑥0.05 = 124 and 𝑥0.95 = 78)
4. An enquiry into the marks of a sample of 61 students of a large class yielded unbiased
estimate of variance as 85. Find 90% confidence interval for the standard deviation of the
2 2
population (𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: for 𝑛 = 60 , 𝑥0.05 = 79.1 and 𝑥0.95 = 43.2)
5. A sample of 101 light tubes yielded a standard deviation of 75 hours burning time .
However, long experience with the same brand of tubes showed a standard deviation of
85 hours. Test the hypothesis that the difference in the standard deviation is not
2 2
significant. (𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: for 100 d. o. f 𝑥0.025 = 129.56 and 𝑥0.975 = 74.22)
6. Weights of 10 students in kgs. are given below
33, 35, 40, 48, 42, 38, 50, 43, 47, 44
Can we say that variance of the distribution of weights in the population is 18 kgm ?
2 2
𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: For 9 d. o. f . 𝑥0.025 = 19.023 and 𝑥0.975 = 2.70
7. A group of 15 students was given an aptitude test and their scores 𝑥𝑖 (𝑖 = 1 , 2, … . ,15)
were recorded. It was found that 𝑥𝑖 = 600 and 𝑥𝑖2 = 36000. Test at 5% level of
significance the hypothesis that the standard deviation of the scores in the population was
2
greater than or equal to 20. (𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: For 14 d. o. f. 𝑥0.95 = 6.57)
8. Marks of 10 students in test were as follows
45 , 50 , 48, 62 , 33 , ,30 , 70 , 58 , 32 , ,22.
Can we say that the variance of marks of whole class is 625
2 2
𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: For 9 d. o. f 𝑥0.025 = 19.023 and 𝑥0.975 = 2.70
24 | APPLIED MATHEMATICS - IV

9. A company manufacturing electronic valves claims that the variance of the life of the
values is greater that 0.65 years. However, it finds that the unbiased variance 𝑆 2 of the
life of the valve is 0.45 Years on the basis of the sample of size 9. Using 5% level of
2
significance test the claim of the company (𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: For 8 d. o. f 𝑥0.95 = 2.73 )
10. Apples were grown under two different conditions. Two random samples of sizes 11 and
9 showed the standard deviations of weights as 0.8 and 0.5 respectively .Test the
hypothesis that populations variances are equal at 10% level.
(𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐹0.05 = 3.34 with d. o. f 10 and 8 and 𝐹0.05 = 3.07 with d. o. f 8 and 10)
11. The standard deviations calculated from two random samples of sizes 9 and 13 are 1.99
and 1.9. Can the samples be regard as drawn from the normal populations with the same
standard deviations?
(𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐹0.025 = 3.51 with d. o. f 8 and 12 and 𝐹0.025 = 4.20 with d. o. f 12 and 8)
12. In a laboratory experiment two samples gave the following results
Sample Size sample mean Sum of squares of deviations from the mean
1 10 15 90
2 13 14 108
Test the equality of sample variances at 5% level of significance
13. In a test given to two groups of students drawn from two normal populations marks
obtained were as follows.
Group A : 18 , 20 , 36 , 50 , 49 , 36 , 34 , 49 , 41.
Group B : 29 , 28 , 26 , 35 , 30 , 44, 46.
Examine the equality of variances at 5% level of significance
14. An investigation into the equality of standard deviation of two normal populations gave
the following results
Sample Size sample mean Sum of squares of deviations from the mean
1 13 18 100
2 21 24 150
Test the equality of sample variances at 5% level of significance
(𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐹0.025 = 2.68 for d. o. f 12 and 20 and 𝐹0.025 = 3.07 for d. o. f 20 and 12. )