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IP Addressing1

IP addressing is essential for uniquely identifying devices on a network and is foundational to network design. It includes four levels of addressing: physical, logical, port, and specific addresses, with IPv4 being a key logical address format. Classful addressing divides the address space into five classes (A-E) and utilizes network and host IDs to manage address allocation effectively.

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13 views3 pages

IP Addressing1

IP addressing is essential for uniquely identifying devices on a network and is foundational to network design. It includes four levels of addressing: physical, logical, port, and specific addresses, with IPv4 being a key logical address format. Classful addressing divides the address space into five classes (A-E) and utilizes network and host IDs to manage address allocation effectively.

Uploaded by

sanjanagangboir04
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IP Addressing:

An IP address uniquely identifies a device on IP network. IP addressing is a network


foundation service, which makes it core to the network design. It provides the base for all other
network and user services.
In computer network TCP/IP protocol used to identify a network for four level of addressing
as-
1. Physical addresses.
2. Logical addresses
3. Port addresses
4. Specific addresses

1. Physical address:
The physical addresses also knows as the link address, is the address of a node
as defined by its LAN or WAN. It is included in the frame used by the data link layer. It
is the lowest level address. The size format of these address vary depending on the
network. Most local area network use a 48 bit (6 byte) physical address written as 12
hexadecimal digit, every byte (2 hex-decimal digit) is separated by a colon.
For example: 07:01:02:01:2C:4B
2. Logical address:-
Logical addresses are necessary for universal communications. That are
independent of underlying physical network. Physical addresses are not adequate in
an network environment where different network can have different address format.
A universal addressing system is needed in which each host can be identified uniquely,
regardless of the underlying physical network. The logical addresses are designed for
this purpose. A logical address in the internet protocol is currently a 32 bit address
that can uniquely define a host connected to the network.
For example: 192.168.100.10
3. Port addresses:
Computer is device that can run multiple processes at the sometime. The end
objective of internet communication n is a process communicating with another
process. In the TCP/IP architecture, the label assigned to a process is called a port
address. A port address in TCP/IP is 16 bits in length and represented by one decimal
number ex. 153.
4. Specific address:
Specific addresses are some application have user friendly address that are designed
for that specific application such addresses as email addresses, however, get charged
to the corresponding port & logical addresses by the sending computer.

IPv4 Address (Logical address):


An IPv4 is a logical 32 bit address that uniquely and universally defined the connection
of a device to the internet.
1. Address Space: It is the total number of addresses used by the protocol.

n=32 ‘n’ bits in a add

2n address
Address space (IPv4) = 232 =4294967296

2. Notation:
a. Binary notation: In this IPv4 is display as 32 bit or 4byte
01110101.10010101.00011101.11101010
b. Dotted Decimal notation: It is used to make IPv4 more compact and easier to read
128.11.3.31
c. Hex-decimal notation: - Each hex-decimal digit is equivalent to four bits. This means that
32 bit address has 8 hex-decimal digits.

Classful addressing:-
In this the address space is divided into 5 classes such as-
1. Class A
2. Class B
3. Class C
4. Class D
5. Class E

How to find class of address:


Binary Notation:
Class First Byte to

Class A 0

Class B 10

Class C 110

Class D 1110

Class E 11110
Dotted Decimal notation:
Class Range

Class A 0- 127
Class B 128 - 191

Class C 192 - 223

Class D 224 - 239

Class E 240 - 255

Network id and Host Id:


Only class A,B,C IS divided into netid and hostid.
Class Byte1 Byte2 Byte3 Byte4

Class A Netid Hostid Hostid Hostid

Class B Netid Netid Hostid Hostid

Class C Netid Hostid Hostid Hostid

Class D It is used for multicast addressing

Class E It is reserved for future used

Default Mask: It helps to find netid and hosted


Class Binary (Mask) Decimal (Mask) Value of n

Class A 11111111.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 n=8

Class B 11111111.11111111.0.0 255.255.0.0 n=16

Class C 11111111.11111111.11111111.0 255.255.255.0 n=24

A network mask or default mask in classful addressing is defined as a 32 bit number


obtained by setting all the ‘n’ leftmost bits to 1s and all the (32-n) right most bits to 0s.

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