Worship Sound Guy - 70 EQ Tips Ebook
Worship Sound Guy - 70 EQ Tips Ebook
We’ve taken some of the material from our Sound Guy Essentials course and adapted it in
to this handy guide for you. While it comes from our flagship course (which thanks to you
has become the #1 online training course in the world for live sound engineers) this PDF
is still designed as a stand-alone resource for you and your team to use.
We’re about to jump in to some of the best, most practical tips and tricks for getting the
most out of your mix using EQ, but first, let’s make sure we all understand exactly how an
Equalizer works and what the basic functions are.
Let’s go!
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3 PRIMARY EQ CONTROLS
There are three basic functions of an EQ that we need to understand before we jump in
to all the really cool stuff. These are the controls you’ll find on your basic console EQ:
Frequency - This simply selects which frequency you’re wanting to work with. High air-y
frequency? Low bass-y frequency? This is where you pick the frequency range you want to
work with.
Gain - The gain control lets you adjust how many decibels (or dB) you want to increase
(boost) or decrease (cut) at the selected frequency. In short, how much do you want to
add or subtract from the sound at the frequency you selected.
Q - This control is where you get to decide how much you want to effect the frequencies
around the center frequency that you chose with your frequency knob.
Think of the main frequency you chose as the peak of a mountain. The Q controls how
steep the slope of the sides will be. Will the “mountain” be wide with a gentle slope
which effects more of the surrounding frequencies? Or will it have steep sides where the
boost or cut is very tight and doesn’t effect the surrounding frequencies very much? It’s
up to you!
You’ll find these three controls on nearly every console EQ in some form. There are excep-
tions though; for example a 31 band graphic EQ doesn’t have a Q control, and you’re lim-
ited to the 31 frequencies that the manufacturer has selected, but for the most part, un-
derstanding these 3 controls will allow you to use any EQ out there!
SOUND GUY ESSENTIALS:
71 EQ TIPS FOR BETTER LIVE MIXES
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3 BASIC EQ METHODS
EQ controls can look pretty intimidating at first, but now that you know what the knobs
actually do, let’s get practical! There are really just three basic things you can do with an
EQ:
Filter - When you filter frequencies, it means that you eliminate signal above or below a
certain point. This type of EQ is often called a low-cut, high-cut, low pass, or high pass fil-
ter. It’s great for cutting out unnecessary rumble in the low end, or overbearing hiss in
the high frequencies.
Cut - This is also known as subtractive EQ. When you cut a frequency you reduce the
power that it has in your signal. This is great for cutting an annoying ring in a snare drum,
or a piercing high-midrange in a vocal. You can also use cuts to make room for other in-
struments to shine through in the mix... but more on that later ;-)
Boost - When frequencies are boosted, you’re making them more powerful in the mix.
Need more low end kick drum thump? Try boosting around 63 hZ. Got a bass guitar that’s
not cutting through and doesn’t have enough presence? Try boosting around 2 or 3 kHz.
The purpose of a boost is to add frequencies that are lacking in the signal. Aka, “what is
there not enough of?”.
It’s great to have a an easy reference tip sheet (like this one) while you mix to give you
creative ideas on how to approach different instruments and frequency ranges.
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Not compression, not some crazy effect... just good old simple EQ.
Also, I want to stress that this won’t be some “theoretical” EQ course that just talks about
boring technical jargon and doesn’t give you and real, practical advice.
It’s our hope that after going through this course, you’ll feel equipped to take on your
mixes with more confidence than ever before!
First let’s talk about EQ filters, which can be super useful to clean up your mix.
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High-pass and low-pass filters have unfortunately confusing names. For instance, when
you apply a high-pass filter to a vocal up to 100 Hz, you’re letting the “highs pass
through” unaffected above 100 Hz. Conversely, if you use a low-pass filter on a kick drum
down to 10 kHz then you’re letting all the frequencies lower than 10 kHz “pass through”
unaffected. It’s a bit backwards, but just remember what frequency range you’re letting
“pass through” and you should get the hang of it.
A term I like to use that I feel is less confusing for these filters is to call them “low-cut”
and “high-cut” filters.
High-pass and low-pass filters can have different slopes as well. Your console may or may
not have an option to change this. If it does, you can use a steeper slope to filter the
highs or lows more strongly or you can use a more gentle slope to gradually roll off the
frequencies.
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By following this idea, you’ll strip away the bad stuff first. All the mud, harshness, and
shrill frequencies will be gone. Then and only then do as ask the question “What do I
want to hear more of?”
If you’ve done your cuts right... the answer may be nothing! ;-)
DRUMS
21. Cut the kick drum in the 300 - 600 Hz region to get rid of boxiness. Sweep around
with a narrow Q and a big boost to find the boxiest frequency and then get rid of it.
22. The same works well on a drum group bus, toms or any other drum that needs to be
smoothed out. Start with a cut around 400 Hz and see if your drums tighten up a bit.
23. If you have multiple microphones on drums, such as an over and under snare mic,
then make sure you check the phase relationship between all the drums. You’d be sur-
prised just how much punch you can add back into a drum sound if you just make sure
everything is in phase. This tip also applies to any instrument that’s multi-mic’d. Flip
the polarity of one of the tracks and see if it adds some extra weight and power to
the overall sound of the instrument.
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DRUMS
24. The typical philosophy for kick drums is to cut the mids and boost the lows for bass
and the high-mids for the beater. Although I’ve found this to be true most of the
time, some styles need a heavier hand to tame the lows.
25. One general rule of thumb I follow is: The “heavier” the song, the more higher-mid
boost I use. Kicks in electronic/dance songs come to life with a boost in the 4 kHz area
but for softer goings like you can get the results you want by focusing more on the
area from 1.2 kHz to 3 kHz as a starting point.
26. Harsh cymbal noises can be tamed with a cut in the 4 to 7 kHz area. You can learn to
hone in on harsh ringing frequencies and notch them out so you can get a clean and
airy cymbal sound without the annoying harshness.
27. Drums on stage often have annoying low-mid buildup, causing the kick drum to have
too much energy in the 100 - 250 Hz area. Don’t be afraid to cut lows and low-mids in
order to clean up your drum sound. It doesn’t always take a low-frequency boost to
create powerful bass. Sometimes it’s about cleaning up the area to hear the bass
that’s already there.
28. However, if you need more low-end oomph in your kick drum then find the right fre-
quency that sounds good to you by boosting around 60 - 100 Hz.
29. If you want to add body to your drum sound try hunting for it around 150 - 250 Hz. If
you like a meaty snare sound then boost the low-mids to bring out the thickness of
the body.
30. Alternatively, if you’re looking for more sizzle or attack, bringing out the 2.5 - 3 kHz
character can help bring it out in the mix.
31. If that brings out the rattle of the snares too much, a high-shelving boost around 10
kHz will bring out the brightness of the snare drum without adding harshness from
the snares themselves.
32. The area around 2.5 to 5 kHz is a good starting point to bring out the attack of any
drum, whether it’s the snare, toms or the beater of the kick drum. But be aware, it
also causes harshness if boosted too much.
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BASS
33. A lot of the same rules apply in the low-end for bass and the kick drum. They like to
clash and fight in the lows, so make sure you give the kick drum its space in one spe-
cific frequency while giving the bass some room to breathe in another.
34. Soloing the kick drum and bass guitar while allocating the right frequencies to each
of them can be helpful. Sometimes the kick might sound slightly thin, but once the
bass is added to the mix it helps fill out the gaps in the kick drum’s sound.
35. If your bass sounds too thin then adding some 200-250 Hz can beef it up.
36. Another good way of fleshing out the bass is to add smaller frequency boosts in multi-
ple frequency areas instead of one large boost in the lows. If the fundamental fre-
quency of the bass (or the key of the song) is 100 Hz then adding a boost in 200 Hz,
400 Hz and 600 Hz (various multiples of the original frequency) will flesh out the
sound of the bass more than just one large boost at 100 Hz. Harmonics can be your
friend and can add extra depth to your EQ’ing.
37. In a similar vein, getting the bass to cut through isn’t only achieved by boosting the
thickness in the low-mids. Adding a boost at 600 - 800 Hz can bring out the upper
range of the bass, giving it more presence in the mix.
38. The bass can also get in the way when you least expect it. Sometimes a muddy vocal
is actually just the bass masking the vocal track, so make sure your bass isn’t clutter-
ing up some part of the mix that you’re not thinking of.
39. A good way to check this is to boost the bass in the mids and upper-mids and listen to
the other tracks, the vocal for instance, to see where the bass starts masking those in-
struments.
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GUITARS
40. Don’t assume that the killer guitar tone the guitarist came up with in his basement
will fit with the rest of the band. The guitar tone that sounds good by itself is not nec-
essarily the tone that will sound good with a band.
41. Make sure your guitar isn’t clashing with the bass in the low-mids. Cut out a little bit
in the 150 - 250 Hz region if either instrument lacks definition down there.
42. If your guitar is sounding thin and it’s not getting in the way of the bass, a boost in
the low-mids around 200 - 250 Hz can help bring some thickness to it.
43. If the guitars are lacking body and power, increasing the area around 500 Hz can
make them bigger without making them sound muddy or hissy.
44. If your guitars are overly distorted and hissy, reducing the high-mids around 4 kHz can
clean that up.
45. The high-mids from 1 - 4 kHz are a very interesting area to experiment with, espe-
cially when it comes to distorted guitars. You can really shape the tone of the guitar
to fit the song style just by picking the right high-mids to boost and cut. Spend some
time getting familiar with this area and you’ll be a guitar EQ virtuoso in no time.
46. If you want to separate two electric guitars, try boosting a nice sounding high-mid fre-
quency in one guitar track and cutting it in the other. Then find a separate flattering
high-mid frequency in the track you just cut and repeat the process.
47. If you’re EQ’ing an acoustic guitar and it’s sounding a little too honky and “cheap-
sounding” then hunt around and cut in the 800 Hz region to give your acoustic a
smoother sound.
48. You can bring out some brilliance in the acoustic guitar by boosting around 8 kHz.
49. However, if your acoustic guitar is just a small part of the arrangement and just needs
some “strummy presence” in the background, try adding some air above 10 kHz to
help the acoustic feel present in the mix without cluttering up the rest of the arrange-
ment in the lower frequency spectrum.
50. If your guitars sound like they’re masking the vocals, a wide cut around 1 - 5 kHz can
help settle the guitar around the vocal sound.
51. Even if you have wide cuts, like in the previous tip for example, you might want to ac-
cent a specific frequency inside that cut to bring the guitar (or any other instrument)
out in the mix. To visualize it, your EQ curve will look like a wide valley with a little
mountain inside of it. ;-)
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VOCALS
58. If the vocal is lacking clarity while still having plenty of high-end energy then reduce
the 200 Hz area to clean things up.
59. If your vocal sounds too nasally then attack the 900 Hz - 1 kHz area to cut it out.
60. The area above 1 kHz, around 1.2 - 1.5 kHz can often help the vocal cut through the
mix. Just make sure you don’t accidentally make the singer sound nasally!
61. I’ve often found that when I’m trying to reduce honkiness in the 1.2 kHz area I some-
times fail because it’s often better to reduce the 300 Hz “boxy” area instead and that
can fix the entire vocal sound.
62. Bring out the clarity and intelligibility of the vocal in the 3 kHz range.
63. A 5 kHz boost tends to add a nice presence to the vocal, but boosting too much of
any high-mid frequency can quickly result in overall harshness.
64. Sibilance is generally centered around 7 to 8 kHz. However, certain ‘s’ sounds can be
lower, and if you have particularly problematic sibilance problems, you might need to
hunt for their harmonics too, sometimes all the way up to around 14 kHz.
65. Don’t be afraid to cut a lot of low-mids if necessary. Sometimes, especially in a live set-
ting, your EQ will end up looking pretty extreme as you cut out the mud that builds
up across multiple vocalists. Remember, if it sounds good, it is good. Do what you
need to do to make the mix great!
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FINAL EQ THOUGHTS
EQ is a big part of mixing and although mastery of it is a huge superpower to have, it’s
still subject to taste, experimentation and style that changes with every mix you do.
Every time we mix we instinctively think of these guidelines when we’re listening to what
we want to add or subtract. However, that doesn’t mean we blindly follow these areas if
those decisions don’t make a good mix. We’ve often had to fly in the face of common wis-
dom just to make things cut through and fit together, and that’s always what’s most im-
portant when it comes to mixing.
Consider the audience when you’re EQ’ing. Make sure you mix in a way that connects with
your congregation. Maybe don’t make the high end super aggressive if you’ve got a older
congregation who aren’t used to hearing music like that. Conversely, don’t kill all the en-
ergy in your mix if most of the congregation loves it, but one or two people complain.
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That’s why it’s always a good idea to keep rebalancing the faders as you move through
the mix. Even if you keep your gain structure of the plug-ins relatively perfect, you will
still need to keep adjusting the volume.
Mixing isn’t a complete step by step process and sometimes it isn’t enough to just EQ
your mix once and call it a day. Oftentimes you’ll have to revisit certain tracks and adjust
the frequencies you’ve boosted or cut depending on what you’ve done to the rest of the
mix.
Instead of a step by step process that’ unchanging, it’s more like a set of steps and guide-
lines you follow while constantly adjusting and reacting to your mix decisions.
Before we end the course we’ve got a couple more tips for you about EQ...
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BONUS TIPS!
66. EQ is your best friend when you’re trying to separate your instruments in the fre-
quency spectrum.
67. However, some issues can’t be fixed with EQ because of their dynamic nature. A track
that’s constantly switching from quiet to loud can’t be tamed with EQ. That’s where
compression comes in.
68. You don’t always have to use EQ on every track. Seriously. Some tracks might
sound great as they are and only need some compression and effects to fit with the
rest of the mix. Maybe all they need is a little filtering just for low-end control. Just
remember that you might have tracks in your mixes that you don’t feel the need to
EQ. That’s ok!
69. The mixing process goes much faster if you adopt bus processing on groups. You
might not be comfortable with the top-down or middle-out method right away, but
it’s worth it if you want to save time and do more mixing.
70. After EQ adjustments (and other mixing techniques) you will often need to rebalance
the faders so that the instruments all sit back to where you wanted the balance to be.
I hope these few pages have helped you become better at EQ’ing. It’s sincerely one of the
best processors to use when it comes to making your mixes sound great from the start.
Of course, there’s only so much you can learn by reading tips and tricks so make sure you
try them all out individually on your own to get a feeling for how those frequencies react
when you’re mixing your instruments.
It’s our hope that the tips above have given you some good ideas on what to try in order
to create separation between your instruments and definition in your mixes.
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BECOMING AN EQ NINJA
If you want to make clean mixes where you can hear every instrument clearly, you’ll need
to learn as much as you can about EQ.
Learning to use equalization (or EQ) is the first step towards great mixing skills. Knowing
how frequencies interact and how to fit them all together is a crucial skill all engineers
like yourself should have.
Way back in my teens, I randomly found myself hired as the live sound engineer at this
small church called The Warehouse. It was a cool place and an awesome ministry, but it
had a reputation for having bad sound. That didn’t stop incredible worship from happen-
ing during their services, but it was really frustrating.
Little did they know that they weren't exactly hiring someone who knew what he was do-
ing. I was extremely intimidated by everything surrounding live sound. All these cables
everywhere. All these speakers everywhere, both the monitors and the P.A. The blinking
lights of 24 channels on a mixing board?
However, all of those things paled in comparison to figuring out how to use the simple,
four band EQ on the mixer. Learning to EQ by desperately twiddling knobs back and forth
in a dimly lit venue isn’t the most glorious way to learn to EQ. I could hardly see what I
was doing!
So, because I didn’t really know what I was doing, it was a lot of trial and error and liter-
ally fumbling around in the dark. Sure, any time I tweaked the EQ the sound of the mix
changed.
Sometimes for the better, most of the time for the worse....
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BECOMING AN EQ NINJA
But it wasn't until I spent hours behind that mixing board and studied what each fre-
quency sounded like and what it does to the mix that I finally got it...
EQ helped me take that tiny venue (it was LITERALLY a warehouse) from its reputation
for having terrible sound to becoming a spot where people actually wanted to come par-
ticipate in worship.
But I wouldn't have been to able to make those shows sound so great if it wasn't for the
EQ. Honestly, I didn’t even have any compressors until a year after I started so limiting my-
self to mastering EQ wasn’t a choice, it was a necessity.
You can learn everything I’ve learned about EQ since then, in a much more comfortable
setting. You’ll learn that EQ can help you in any audio situation, no matter what gear
you’ve got to work with.
Today, you might be having trouble getting cleaner mixes, making instruments cut
through in a dense mix. Maybe your vocal sounds like it's muffled under the other instru-
ments that already sound like they're under a blanket.
But after learning to EQ with us, you’ll be making all those instruments jump out of the
speakers, with a gorgeous, clear vocal leading them like it's the Captain America leading
the Avengers... or Wonder Woman... whatever floats your boat ;-)
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BECOMING AN EQ NINJA
You’ll learn to clean up the muddiness in your mixes.
You’ll discover where to get rid of the boxy cardboard sound in your drums.
You’ll know exactly which frequencies to boost to make your guitars, bass, and other in-
struments sound powerful.
And best of all, you’ll finally get your vocals to explode out of your speakers instead of
drowning behind your instruments.
Now, instead of wandering around your mix trying to EQ without knowing where to look
you can actually learn where your problematic frequencies are when you need to fix
them.
In fact...we’ll reveal everything you’ve ever wanted to know about live sound.
It’s all part of our new Sound Guy Essentials training course.
We’re covering it all. From setting up your speakers and console, to every EQ, Compres-
sion, and Effects technique you’ll need to master.
What’s more, in this course we work with actual live recorded audio tracks (that you’ll get
to download and practice with) so you’ll get to hear and see what we’re doing and follow
along every step of the way.
Here’s what some of our students have said about the course:
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You guys bring a lot of clarity to things that are easily misunderstood. I highly recommend
this program to anyone, from the newbie to the guy or gal who's been at if for years.”
-Gene Schilhab
“Totally worth jumping in this course! The content is on point and is great for new sound
guys starting out too. I used this with some of my new sound guys and it really helped
bring them up to speed to start mixing quicker.”
-Jesse M
With this course I’ve been able to absolutely transform the sound in our auditorium. It’s
so much more engaging for our congregation now!
-Dylan Payne
“Loved it! We’re entering a new season at our church and your course has been the tool
we center our training around to get our team ready for the learning curve ahead. Love
the responsiveness too. Great testimony to your commitment to help churches! Bless
you!!”
-Jonathan Strachan
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That’s why we’re backing it up with a Ridiculous, 30 Day "Try It, Test It, Apply It" Money
Back Guarantee.
Then I want to give you EVERY opportunity to put Sound Guy Essentials in to action and
experience how easy and exciting it can be to mix for your church when you fully under-
stand every aspect of live sound engineering and get a chance to put all these tips, tricks,
and workflow hacks in to practice.
That's why we're saying "no way!" to the 14-day "industry standard" refund policy and in-
stead giving you a full MONTH to go through the course, check out all the modules, im-
plement the systems, and experience everything this course has to offer.
We know you’re going to love it, just like over 1,000 students before you!
So what do you say? Let’s take your mixes to a whole new level!
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