MALWARE

Malware (short for malicious software) is a program or

code designed to harm, exploit, or steal data from
systems and users.

Think of malware as a digital

virus—it sneaks into your
system, spreads, and causes
chaos, often without you even
knowing!
TYPES OF MALWARE
Malware differs in terms of its purpose,
method of infection, and impact on a
system.

Some types are designed to steal

information, while others disrupt systems
or exploit vulnerabilities. It can spread
through files, networks, or deceptive
software, affecting devices in varying
degrees—from minor annoyances to
severe security breaches.
VIRUS PREVENTION
DESCRIPTION TRANSMISSION DETECTION

A virus attaches Spreads through Can be identified ✅ Keep antivirus

itself to files or infected email using antivirus software updated
programs, attachments, software, system ✅ Do not open
spreading when software scans, and unusual suspicious emails
executed. It can downloads, USB system behavior ✅ Regularly
corrupt, delete, or drives, and such as slow update your
modify data, malicious links. It performance, operating system
disrupting system requires user action crashes, or and software
operations. to execute and unexpected file
propagate. changes.
WORM PREVENTION
DESCRIPTION TRANSMISSION DETECTION

A worm is a self- Spreads through Signs include ✅ Keep antivirus

replicating malware network unexpected system software updated
that spreads across connections, email slowdowns, high ✅ Scan USB drives
networks without attachments, network traffic, and external
user action. It malicious links, and frequent crashes, or devices
consumes system file-sharing unusual file activity. ✅ Update OS
resources, slows systems. It moves Security tools like regularly
down networks, and autonomously, network monitors ✅ Enable firewalls
can install other unlike viruses that and antivirus help
malware. require execution. detect worms.
RANSOMWARE PREVENTION
DESCRIPTION TRANSMISSION DETECTION

Ransomware Spreads through Signs include ✅ Keep antivirus

encrypts files or phishing emails, sudden file software updated
locks an entire malicious links, fake encryption, ransom ✅ Scan USB drives
system, demanding software demands on the and external
a ransom payment downloads, and screen, unusual file devices
in exchange for exploit kits that extensions, and ✅ Backup
restoring access. take advantage of blocked access to important files and
system system functions. data
vulnerabilities. ✅ Enable firewalls
ADWARE PREVENTION
DESCRIPTION TRANSMISSION DETECTION

Adware displays Spreads through Signs include ✅ Don’t download

unwanted freeware/shareware excessive pop-up illegitimate
advertisements, downloads, ads, frequent software
often in the form of malicious websites, browser redirects, ✅ Avoid clicking on
pop-ups, banners, and browser sluggish system suspicious ads
or redirects, which extensions. Clicking performance, and ✅ Use ad blockers
can slow down a on infected ads can unwanted toolbars and reputable
device and collect also trigger adware or extensions. security software
user data. installation. ✅ Remove
unknown extensions
SPYWARE PREVENTION
DESCRIPTION TRANSMISSION DETECTION

Spyware secretly Spreads through Signs include slower ✅ Don’t download

monitors user malicious email device illegitimate apps
activity, collecting attachments, performance, ✅ Be cautious with
sensitive software unexplained pop- email links
information such as downloads, fake ups, high data ✅ Use ad blockers
passwords, updates, and usage, and and reputable
browsing history, infected websites. unauthorized security software
and personal data Some spyware also access to accounts. ✅ Review app
without consent. comes bundled with Security scans can permissions and
free software. detect spyware. installed programs
TROJAN PREVENTION
DESCRIPTION TRANSMISSION DETECTION

Trojans disguise Spreads through Signs include ✅ Don’t download

themselves as fake software unusual system illegitimate apps
legitimate software downloads, email behavior, ✅ Be cautious with
but contain attachments, unauthorized email links and
malicious code that pirated files, and remote access, attachments
allows hackers to malicious links. disabled security ✅ Use strong
access and control programs, and security software
infected systems. unexpected pop- ✅ Regulary scan
ups or file changes. your files and
devices
BOTNET PREVENTION
DESCRIPTION TRANSMISSION DETECTION

A botnet is a Spreads through Signs include slower ✅ Keep devices

network of infected malicious email internet speed, high updated
computers (bots) attachments, CPU usage, ✅ Keep OS
controlled remotely Trojans, worms, frequent crashes, updated
by hackers to phishing links, and and unusual ✅ Avoid clicking on
launch software outgoing network suspicious links
cyberattacks, vulnerabilities. traffic. Some ✅ Regularly
spread malware, or Some botnets use botnets remain monitor network
steal data. rootkits to stay stealthy, making activity
hidden. detection difficult.
ROOTKIT PREVENTION
DESCRIPTION TRANSMISSION DETECTION

Rootkits hide deep Spreads through Rootkits are difficult ✅ Keep devices
within a system, phishing emails, to detect because updated
allowing attackers malicious they operate at the ✅ Use firewalls
to gain stealthy, downloads, deepest system and antivirus
persistent control software levels. Signs include ✅ Regularly scan
over an infected vulnerabilities, and disabled security for hidden malware
device while infected USB tools, unusual ✅ Regularly
avoiding detection. devices. system behavior, monitor network
and unauthorized activity
access,
OTHER TYPES OF MALWARE LOGIN

01 BACKDOOR 02 FILELESS 03 LOGIC BOMB

A hidden entry point in a A type of malware that A piece of code
system that allows operates in memory embedded in a program
hackers to bypass instead of being stored that triggers a malicious
security measures and on disk, making it harder action when specific
gain unauthorized to detect with traditional conditions are met, such
access. antivirus software. as a date or event.

04 SCAREWARE 05 CRYPTOJACKING
Tricks users into Secretly hijacks a
believing their device is device’s processing
infected, prompting them power to mine
to install fake security cryptocurrency without
software that is actually the user’s knowledge.
malware.
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