FRQ4 Task Model A

NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED
4. Directions:
• Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function ! is assumed to be the set of all real numbers ! for which
! ( " ) is a real number. Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians.

• Solutions to equations must be real numbers. Determine the exact value of any expression that can be obtained
#! $
& ' *+,- ).+ (!) can be evaluated without a calculator.
"!
without a calculator. For example, #$% " &' ($) %
'"(
• Unless otherwise specified, combine terms using algebraic methods and rules for exponents and logarithms,
!!
where applicable. For example, " ! + #!$ ! ! ! $ $ %&'( )& # + )& ! should be rewritten in equivalent forms.
" #

!"
• For each part of the question, show the work that leads to your answers.

(A) The functions ! and ! are given by

! ( " ) = "#$%! " + &#$%! "

" ( !) =
( !"# ! )( $%$ ! ) &
$'% !
(i) Rewrite ! ( " ) as a single logarithm base ! without negative exponents in any part of the expression. Your
result should be of the form +(,! ( "#$%"&&'() ) *
(ii) Rewrite ! ( " ) as an expression in which !"# ! appears once and no other trigonometric functions are involved.

(B) The functions ! and ! are given by

! ( " ) = "#$ ! " + "#$ ! ( " + % )
! ( " ) = " + !#$% ! "&
(i) Solve ! ( " ) = ! for values of ! in the domain of !!
(ii) Solve ! ( " ) = ! for values of ! in the interval [ !" ! ]#

(C) The function ! is given by

"
(
! ( " ) = ! #$% !! & " " '
(
)
" "#
Find all input values in the domain of ! that yield an output value of #$% !! $ %% &
$ '
& '

Write your responses to this question only on the designated pages in the separate Free Response booklet.
Write your solution to each part in the space provided for that part.

STOP
END OF EXAM

FRQ4 Task Models AP Precalculus Exam Review Created by Bryan Passwater

 FRQ4 Task Model B

NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED
4. Directions:
• Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function ! is assumed to be the set of all real numbers ! for which
! ( " ) is a real number. Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians.

• Solutions to equations must be real numbers. Determine the exact value of any expression that can be obtained
#! $
& ' *+,- ).+ (!) can be evaluated without a calculator.
"!
without a calculator. For example, #$% " &' ($) %
'"(
• Unless otherwise specified, combine terms using algebraic methods and rules for exponents and logarithms,
!!
where applicable. For example, " ! + #!$ ! ! ! $ $ %&'( )& # + )& ! should be rewritten in equivalent forms.
" #

!"
• For each part of the question, show the work that leads to your answers.

(A) The functions ! and ! are given by

!
! ( " ) = #$%!" " ! &#$%!" "
'
!"# ( $ ! )
" ( !) = %
!"# !
(i) Rewrite ! ( " ) as a single logarithm base !" without negative exponents in any part of the expression. Your
result should be of the form #$%!" ( &'()&**+$, ) -

(ii) Rewrite ! ( " ) as an expression in which !"# ! appears once and no other trigonometric functions are involved.

(B) The functions ! and ! are given by

" ( ! ) = " # ! !$#! " $#

(
! ( " ) = " #$% !! ! & " )
(i) Solve ! ( " ) = !" for values of ! in the domain of !!
!!
(ii) Solve ! ( " ) = for values of ! in the domain of ! !
"
(C) The function ! is given by
! ( " ) = "#$% ! " + &'#! " ! #$% "(

Find all input values in the domain of ! that yield an output value of !"

Write your responses to this question only on the designated pages in the separate Free Response booklet.
Write your solution to each part in the space provided for that part.

STOP
END OF EXAM

FRQ4 Task Models AP Precalculus Exam Review Created by Bryan Passwater

 FRQ4 Task Model C

NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED
4. Directions:
• Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function ! is assumed to be the set of all real numbers ! for which
! ( " ) is a real number. Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians.

• Solutions to equations must be real numbers. Determine the exact value of any expression that can be obtained
#! $
& ' *+,- ).+ (!) can be evaluated without a calculator.
"!
without a calculator. For example, #$% " &' ($) %
' (
"

• Unless otherwise specified, combine terms using algebraic methods and rules for exponents and logarithms,
!!
where applicable. For example, " ! + #!$ ! ! ! $ $ %&'( )& # + )& ! should be rewritten in equivalent forms.
" #

!"
• For each part of the question, show the work that leads to your answers.

(A) The functions ! and ! are given by

! ( " ) = !"#$$%& "
! ( " ) = ! + "#$ "%
!!
(i) Solve ! ( " ) = for values of ! in the domain of ! !
"
(ii) Solve ! ( " ) = !! for values of ! in the domain of !!

(B) The functions ! and ! are given by

" ( !) =
( "#$ ! )( %&' ! )
%&' ! ! ! (

" ( !) =
(# ) " $
!+! ! ! !"

%
$!
(i) Rewrite ! ( " ) as an expression involving !"# ! and no other trigonometric functions.
(ii) Rewrite ! ( " ) as an expression of the form !( !"+#) , where ! !"#$!" are constants.

(C) The function ! is given by

! ( " ) = !"# " ! "# ( $" ! % ) &

Find all input values in the domain of ! that yield an output value of !"

Write your responses to this question only on the designated pages in the separate Free Response booklet.
Write your solution to each part in the space provided for that part.

STOP
END OF EXAM

FRQ4 Task Models AP Precalculus Exam Review Created by Bryan Passwater

 FRQ4 Task Model D

NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED
4. Directions:
• Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function ! is assumed to be the set of all real numbers ! for which
! ( " ) is a real number. Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians.

• Solutions to equations must be real numbers. Determine the exact value of any expression that can be obtained
#! $
& ' *+,- ).+ (!) can be evaluated without a calculator.
"!
without a calculator. For example, #$% " &' ($) %
'"(
• Unless otherwise specified, combine terms using algebraic methods and rules for exponents and logarithms,
!!
where applicable. For example, " ! + #!$ ! ! ! $ $ %&'( )& # + )& ! should be rewritten in equivalent forms.
" #

!"
• For each part of the question, show the work that leads to your answers.

(A) The functions ! and ! are given by

" ( ! ) = #(
! !)
! #(
! + ")

! ( " ) = ! "#$ ! " ! %&

(i) Solve ! ( " ) = !" for values of ! in the domain of ! !
(ii) Solve ! ( " ) = ! for values of ! in the interval [ !" #! ) $

(B) The functions ! and ! are given by

! ( " ) = #$%&!" ( " + ') ! $%&!" " ! $%&!" '

" ( !) =
( "#$ ! ) ( %&" ! ) '
!

%(% !
(i) Rewrite ! ( " ) as a single logarithm base !" without negative exponents in any part of the expression. Your
result should be of the form #$%!" ( &'()&**+$, ) -
(ii) Rewrite ! ( " ) as a fraction involving !"# ! and no other trigonometric functions.
(C) The function ! is given by
#( ! ! + ")
" ( !) = $
(# )
"
( ! ! #)

!
Find all input values in the domain of ! that yield an output value of "
!#

Write your responses to this question only on the designated pages in the separate Free Response booklet.
Write your solution to each part in the space provided for that part.

STOP
END OF EXAM

FRQ4 Task Models AP Precalculus Exam Review Created by Bryan Passwater

Scoring Guidelines AP Precalculus Exam Review FRQ4 Task Model A

Part (A)
Model Solution Scoring
(i) Rewrite 𝑔(𝑥) as a single logarithm base 3 without negative exponents in any part of the expression. Your result
should be of the form log ! (expression)
(ii) Rewrite ℎ(𝑥) as an expression in which sec 𝑥 appears once and no other trigonometric functions are involved.

(i) 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 log ! 𝑥 + 4 log ! 𝑥

Expression for 𝑔(𝑥) 1 point
𝑔(𝑥) = log ! 𝑥 " + log ! 𝑥 # = log ! (𝑥 " 𝑥 # ) = log ! (𝑥 $ )

(tan 𝑥)(csc 𝑥) (sin 𝑥) 1

(ii) ℎ(𝑥) = = = = sec " 𝑥 Expression for ℎ(𝑥) 1 point
cos 𝑥 (cos 𝑥)(cos 𝑥)(sin 𝑥) cos " 𝑥
Total for part (A) 2 points

Part (B)
Model Solution Scoring
(i) Solve 𝑗(𝑥) = 4 for values of x in the domain of j.
(ii) Solve 𝑘(𝑥) = 7 for values of x in the interval [0, 𝜋]
(i) 𝑗(𝑥) = 4 → log " 𝑥 + log " (𝑥 + 6) = 4 → log " [𝑥(𝑥 + 6)] = 4
𝑥(𝑥 + 6) = 2# = 16 → 𝑥 " + 6𝑥 − 16 = 0 → (𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 − 2) = 0 Solution to 𝑗(𝑥) = 4 1 point
𝑥 = −8, 𝑥 = 2 → 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 = −8 is not in the domain of 𝑗.
1 1
(ii) 𝑘(𝑥) = 7 → 6 + 2 sin" 𝑥 = 7 → sin" 𝑥 = → sin 𝑥 = ±
2 √2
𝜋 3𝜋 Solutions to 𝑘(𝑥) = 7 1 point
𝑥= ,
4 4
Total for part (B) 2 points

Part (C)
Model Solution Scoring
√3
Find all input values in the domain of 𝑚 that yield an output value of cos %& R S
2
√3 𝜋
cos %& R S =
2 6 Presents equation
2 %& 𝜋 2 𝜋 1 point
− sin T5√2 𝑥V = − sin%& T5√2 𝑥V =
3 6 3 6
𝜋
sin%& T5√2 𝑥V = −
4
𝜋
𝜋 sin W− X 1
5√2 𝑥 = sin W− X 𝑥= 4 = Y 1 Z R− √2S = − 1 𝑥=− 1 point
4 5√2 5√2 2 10 10
Total for part (C) 2 points
Total for Question 4 6 points
Scoring Guidelines AP Precalculus Exam Review FRQ4 Task Model B

Part (A)
Model Solution Scoring
(i) Rewrite 𝑔(𝑥) as a single logarithm base 10 without negative exponents in any part of the expression. Your result
should be of the form log&' (expression)
(ii) Rewrite ℎ(𝑥) as an expression in which cos 𝑥 appears once and no other trigonometric functions are involved.
1
(i) 𝑔(𝑥) = log&' 𝑥 − 3 log&' 𝑥
2
Expression for 𝑔(𝑥) 1 point
√𝑥 1 1
𝑔(𝑥) = log&' 𝑥 &/" − log&' 𝑥 ! = log&' !
= log&' = log&' "
𝑥 √𝑥 ) 𝑥 √𝑥
sin(2𝑥) 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
(ii) ℎ(𝑥) = = = 2 cos 𝑥 Expression for ℎ(𝑥) 1 point
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
Total for part (A) 2 points

Part (B)
Model Solution Scoring
(i) Solve 𝑗(𝑥) = √10 for values of x in the domain of j.
5𝜋
(ii) 𝑘(𝑥) = for values of 𝑥 in the domain of 𝑘.
3
(i) 𝑗(𝑥) = 10* ⋅ 10! − √10 = √10 → 10*+! = 2√10 = 2 ⋅ 10&/"
10*+! Solution to 𝑗(𝑥) = √10 1 point
= 2 → 10*+!%'.) = 2 → 𝑥 + 2.5 = log&' 2 → 𝑥 = log&' 2 − 2.5
10&/"
5𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
(ii) 𝑘(𝑥) = → 2 cos %& T−√4𝑥V = → cos %& T−√4𝑥V =
3 3 6 5𝜋
Solution to 𝑘(𝑥) = 1 point
5𝜋 √3 3 3 3
−√4𝑥 = cos → −√4𝑥 = − → 4𝑥 = → 𝑥 =
6 2 4 16
Total for part (B) 2 points

Part (C)
Model Solution Scoring
Find all input values in the domain of 𝑚 that yield an output value of 2.

3 sin" 𝑥 + cos " 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 = 2 → 3 sin" 𝑥 + (1 − sin" 𝑥) − sin 𝑥 = 2

Two solutions without n 1 point
2 sin" 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 + 1 = 2 → 2 sin" 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 − 1 = 0
(2 sin 𝑥 + 1)(sin 𝑥 − 1) = 0
General solution
1 7𝜋 11𝜋 𝜋 1 point
sin 𝑥 = − → 𝑥 = + 2𝜋𝑛, + 2𝜋𝑛 sin 𝑥 = 1 → 𝑥 = + 2𝜋𝑛 expressions
2 6 6 2
Total for part (C) 2 points
Total for Question 4 6 points
Scoring Guidelines AP Precalculus Exam Review FRQ4 Task Model C

Part (A)
Model Solution Scoring
4𝜋
(i) Solve 𝑔(𝑥) = for values of 𝑥 in the domain of 𝑔.
3
(ii) Solve ℎ(𝑥) = −5 for values of 𝑥 in the domain of ℎ.

4𝜋 4𝜋 2𝜋 1 4𝜋
(i) 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 arccos 𝑥 = → arccos 𝑥 = = →𝑥=− Solution for 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 point
3 6 3 2 3

7
(ii) ℎ(𝑥) = 2 + 3 ln 𝑥 = −5 → 3 ln 𝑥 = −7 → ln 𝑥 = − → 𝑥 = 𝑒 %-/! Solution for ℎ(𝑥) = −5 1 point
3
Total for part (A) 2 points

Part (B)
Model Solution Scoring
(i) Rewrite 𝑗(𝑥) as an expression involving sec 𝑥 and no other trigonometric functions.

(ii) Rewrite 𝑘(𝑥) as an expression of the form 3.*+/ , where a and b are constants.

(cot 𝑥)(sin 𝑥) (cot 𝑥)(sin 𝑥) (cos 𝑥)(sin 𝑥)

(i) 𝑗(𝑥) = = =
"
sin 𝑥 − 1 "
−cos 𝑥 (sin 𝑥 )(−cos " 𝑥)
Expression for 𝑗(𝑥) 1 point
1
=− = −sec 𝑥
cos 𝑥

(9*+# )(3#*%& ) T3"(*+#) V(3#*%& ) 3$*+-

(ii) 𝑘(𝑥) = = = = 3)*+- Expression for 𝑘(𝑥) 1 point
3* 3* 3*

Total for part (B) 2 points

Part (C)
Model Solution Scoring
Find all input values in the domain of m that yield an output value of 0.

𝑚(𝑥) = 2 ln 𝑥 − ln(5𝑥 − 6) = 0
Presents equation
ln 𝑥 " − ln(5𝑥 − 6) = 0 1 point
ln 𝑥 " − ln(5𝑥 − 6) = 0
ln 𝑥 " − ln(5𝑥 − 6)

𝑥 " = 5𝑥 − 6

𝑥 " − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0 𝑥 = 2, 3 1 point
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) = 0 → 𝑥 = 2, 3

Total for part (C) 2 points

Total for Question 4 6 points
Scoring Guidelines AP Precalculus Exam Review FRQ4 Task Model D

Part (A)
Model Solution Scoring
(i) Solve 𝑔(𝑥) = 27 for values of 𝑥 in the domain of 𝑔.
(ii) Solve ℎ(𝑥) = 5 for values of 𝑥 in the domain of ℎ.

1
(i) 𝑔(𝑥) = 3("*) ⋅ 3(*+#) = 27 → 3!*+# = 3! → 3𝑥 + 4 = 3 → 𝑥 = − Solution for 𝑔(𝑥) = 27 1 point
3
(ii) ℎ(𝑥) = 2 tan" 𝑥 − 1 = 5 → tan" 𝑥 = 3 → tan 𝑥 = ±√3
𝜋 2𝜋 4𝜋 5𝜋 Solution for ℎ(𝑥) = 5 1 point
𝑥 = , , , and
3 3 3 3
Total for part (A) 2 points

Part (B)
Model Solution Scoring
(i) Rewrite 𝑗(𝑥) as a single logarithm base 10 without negative exponents in any part of the expression. Your result
should be of the form log&' (expression).
(ii) Rewrite 𝑘(𝑥) as an expression involving sec 𝑥 and no other trigonometric functions.
(i) 𝑗(𝑥) = 2 log&' (𝑥 + 3) − log&' 𝑥 − log&' 3 = log&' (𝑥 + 3)" − log&' 3𝑥
(𝑥 + 3)" Expression for 𝑗(𝑥) 1 point
= log&'
3𝑥
(tan 𝑥)(cot 𝑥) (sec " 𝑥 − 1)(cos 𝑥)
"
(ii) 𝑘(𝑥) = =
csc 𝑥 1
Wsin 𝑥 X (sin 𝑥)
Expression for 𝑘(𝑥) 1 point
(sec " 𝑥 − 1) sec " 𝑥 − 1
= (cos 𝑥) =
1 sec 𝑥
Total for part (B) 2 points

Part (C)
Model Solution Scoring
1
Find all input values in the domain of 𝑚 that yield an output value of .
16
Presents equation
2()*+!) 1 2()*+!) 1
𝑚(𝑥) = (*%") ! = → (!*%$) = # → 2()*+!) ⋅ 2# = 2(!*%$) 2()*+!) 1 1 point
(2 ) 16 (2 ) 2 = #
(2(!*%$) ) 2
13 13
2()*+-) = 2(!*%$) → 5𝑥 + 7 = 3𝑥 − 6 → 2𝑥 = −13 → 𝑥 = − 𝑥=− 1 point
2 2

Total for part (C) 2 points

Total for Question 4 6 points