Answer Key with Questions

Lesson Check: Kinetic Energy

1) As mass decreases, kinetic energy increases.

True

False

Correct Answer
False

2) As a car slows down, its kinetic energy increases.

True

False

Correct Answer
False

3) Kinetic energy is the energy of .

Correct Answer
motion

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Answer Key with Questions
Lesson Check: Kinetic Energy

4) Which would increase the kinetic energy of a wagon? Select all that apply.

A) Add mass to the wagon.

B) Decrease the mass of the wagon.

C) Increase the speed of the wagon.

D) Decrease the speed of the wagon.

Correct Answer
A) Add mass to the wagon.
C) Increase the speed of the wagon.

5) A dump truck, a sports car, and a bicycle are traveling at the same velocity. Which is true?

A) They all have the same kinetic energy.

B) The sports car has the most kinetic energy.
C) The bicycle has the least kinetic energy.
D) More information is needed to compare their kinetic energy.

Correct Answer
C) The bicycle has the least kinetic energy.

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Answer Key with Questions
Lesson Check: Kinetic Energy

6) Which has kinetic energy?

A) a tank of gasoline
B) a moving car
C) a battery
D) water in a reservoir

Correct Answer
B) a moving car

7) Which type of energy does an object not have if it is not moving?

A) kinetic energy
B) gravitational potential energy
C) elastic potential energy
D) chemical potential energy

Correct Answer
A) kinetic energy

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Answer Key with Questions
Lesson Check: Kinetic Energy

8) Which indicates what happens to the kinetic energy when the mass of a moving object
increases?

A) The kinetic energy does not change.

B) The kinetic energy increases by the same factor as the mass increase.

C) The
kinetic energy increases by the square of the same factor as the mass
increase.
D) The kinetic energy decreases by the same factor as the mass increase.

Correct Answer
B) The kinetic energy increases by the same factor as the mass increase.

9) Which indicates what happens to the kinetic energy of an object when its speed
increases?

A) The kinetic energy does not change.

B) The kinetic energy increases by the same factor as the speed increase.

C) The
kinetic energy increases by the square of the same factor as the speed
increase.
D) The kinetic energy decreases by the same factor as the speed increase.

Correct Answer
C) The kinetic energy increases by the square of the same factor as the speed increase.

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Answer Key with Questions
Lesson Check: Kinetic Energy

10) Students used this setup to investigate the connection between kinetic energy and
speed.

The students rolled the ball down the ramp from different heights. The cup at the bottom
of the ramp caught the ball, and it moved a distance depending upon the ball’s speed.
After each trial, the students calculated the ball’s speed and measured the distance the
cup moved. The graph shows the students’ results.

Describe the relationship between kinetic energy and the speed of the ball. Be sure to
use evidence from the investigation to support your answer.

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Answer Key with Questions
Lesson Check: Kinetic Energy

Correct Answer
Answers may vary.

Explanation

As the speed increases, the cup slides farther because the ball has more kinetic energy to
move the cup. The ball moved 0.7 m when the ball was moving the fastest, but only 0.2 m it
was moving the slowest.

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Answer Key with Questions
Lesson Check: Kinetic Energy

11) Braking distance is the distance a car travels from the time a person applies the brakes to
when the car comes to a complete stop. The graph shows the relationship between the
speed of a car and the distance the car travels before it stops.

Based on the graph, describe the relationship between the car’s braking distance and
kinetic energy. Be sure to use evidence from the graph to support your response.

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Answer Key with Questions
Lesson Check: Kinetic Energy

Correct Answer
Answers may vary.

Explanation

The greater the speed, the greater the car’s braking distance because there is more kinetic
energy that must be overcome to stop. At each speed, the braking distance consistently
increases. At the highest speed, 116 km/h, the car travels over 70 m before stopping.

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 Constructed-Response Rubric
PE: MS-PS3-1: Construct and interpret graphical displays of data to describe the relationships of kinetic energy to
the mass of an object and to the speed of an object.
Level of
Evidence of Understanding
Understanding
Student response provides clear evidence of using the dimensions* to make
sense of scientific phenomena and/or to design solutions to problems.
Demonstrating Student is able to:
3 Expected § describe the relationship between kinetic energy and the speed of the ball;
Understanding
AND
§ include evidence from the investigation to support the description.

Student response provides partial evidence of using the dimensions* to make

Progressing sense of scientific phenomena and/or to design solutions to problems. The
2 toward response lacks some critical information and details or contains some errors.
Understanding Student is able to:
§ describe the relationship between kinetic energy and the speed of the ball BUT
the evidence from the investigation to support the description contains errors or is
not provided.

Beginning to Student response is incomplete or provides minimal evidence of using the

1 Develop dimensions* to make sense of scientific phenomena and/or to design solutions to
Understanding problems.

Student does not respond or student response is inaccurate, irrelevant, or contains

Not Showing
0 insufficient evidence of using the dimensions* to make sense of scientific phenomena
Understanding
and/or to design solutions to problems.
*As outlined in the Performance Expectations (PE) of the NGSS, the three dimensions are the disciplinary core ideas (DCI), science and
engineering practices (SEP), and crosscutting concepts (CCC). Note that due to the complexity of the PEs, individual assessment items
may not address all three dimensions.

Scoring Notes:
Possible answers include:
As the speed increases, the cup slides farther because the ball has more kinetic energy to move the cup. The ball
moved 0.7 m when the ball was moving the fastest, but only 0.2 m it was moving the slowest.
 Constructed-Response Rubric
PE: MS-PS3-1: Construct and interpret graphical displays of data to describe the relationships of kinetic energy
to the mass of an object and to the speed of an object.
Level of
Evidence of Understanding
Understanding
Student response provides clear evidence of using the dimensions* to make
sense of scientific phenomena and/or to design solutions to problems.
Demonstrating Student is able to:
3 Expected § describe the relationship between kinetic energy and stopping distance;
Understanding
AND
§ use evidence from the graph to support their response.

Student response provides partial evidence of using the dimensions* to make

Progressing sense of scientific phenomena and/or to design solutions to problems. The
2 toward response lacks some critical information and details or contains some errors.
Understanding Student is able to:
§ describe the relationship between kinetic energy and stopping distance BUT
evidence from the graph to support their response contains errors or is not
provided.

Beginning to Student response is incomplete or provides minimal evidence of using the

1 Develop dimensions* to make sense of scientific phenomena and/or to design solutions
Understanding to problems.

Student does not respond or student response is inaccurate, irrelevant, or contains

Not Showing
0 insufficient evidence of using the dimensions* to make sense of scientific
Understanding
phenomena and/or to design solutions to problems.
*As outlined in the Performance Expectations (PE) of the NGSS, the three dimensions are the disciplinary core ideas (DCI), science and
engineering practices (SEP), and crosscutting concepts (CCC). Note that due to the complexity of the PEs, individual assessment items
may not address all three dimensions.

Scoring Notes:
Possible answers include:
The greater the speed, the greater the car’s braking distance because there is more kinetic energy that must
be overcome to stop. At each speed, the braking distance consistently increases. At the highest speed, 116
km/h, the car travels over 70 m before stopping.

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