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The document outlines the design and analysis of shafts in mechanical systems, emphasizing their role in power transmission and the importance of proper design to avoid failures. It details objectives, materials, theoretical background, design considerations, and steps for creating engineering drawings and calculations. The study concludes that AISI C1020 cold drawn steel is suitable for shaft design, focusing on efficiency, safety, and optimal material use.

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10 views5 pages

Kkmerged

The document outlines the design and analysis of shafts in mechanical systems, emphasizing their role in power transmission and the importance of proper design to avoid failures. It details objectives, materials, theoretical background, design considerations, and steps for creating engineering drawings and calculations. The study concludes that AISI C1020 cold drawn steel is suitable for shaft design, focusing on efficiency, safety, and optimal material use.

Uploaded by

Pran Parakul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MAIN CAMPUS
M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu City, Philippines
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-mail: thepresident@ctu.edu.ph
Phone: +6332 402 4060 loc. 1137
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SHAFTING DESIGN ANALYSIS LABORATORY


MD 1 LAB #2

I.​ INTRODUCTION
The design and analysis of shafts are crucial in mechanical
systems, especially for power transmission. Shafts transfer
mechanical energy from motors to components like gears,
pulleys, and couplings. Proper shaft design ensures efficient
operation, reduces energy loss, and extends system lifespan.
Poor design can cause failures, vibrations, and costly
downtimes, particularly in industries requiring continuous
performance, such as dolomite quarrying. This experiment
highlights the need to design shafts capable of withstanding
torsional, bending, and shear stresses while maintaining
reliability under varying loads. varying operational loads.

II.​ OBJECTIVES
A.​ To understand the fundamental principles of shaft
design and analysis.
B.​ To apply engineering computation techniques in
determining shaft dimensions.
C.​To develop skills in manual engineering drawing of shaft
components.
D.​ To integrate theoretical knowledge with practical design
applications.
E.​ To develop critical analysis skills by evaluating the design
under different loading conditions.
III.​ MATERIALS AND TOOLS REQUIRED
1.​ Engineering Drawing Set (T-square, triangles, compass, pencils)
2.​ Drawing Paper (OSLO PAPER)
3.​ Scientific Calculator
4.​ Ruler and Vernier Caliper
5.​ Reference Tables (Steel properties, bearing dimensions, etc.)
6.​ Graphing Paper (optional for plotting deflection curves)
IV.​ THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
A shaft is a rotating machine element used to transmit power from one
point to another. The design of shafts requires considerations of:

●​ Torsional stress
●​ Bending stress
●​ Shear stress
●​ Critical speed
●​ Deflection
●​ Keyways and couplings
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
MAIN CAMPUS
M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu City, Philippines
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-mail: thepresident@ctu.edu.ph
Phone: +6332 402 4060 loc. 1137
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

The shaft must withstand the combined effects of bending


moments and torsional loads while maintaining proper
alignment and durability. Additionally, consideration of fatigue
failure due to cyclic loading is critical in shaft design.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
●​ Material Selection: Use AISI C1020 cold drawn steel.
●​ Design Speed (N): 900 RPM (as assumed for the system)
●​ Power Transmission (P): 500 kW
●​ Torque (T): Calculated from the formula:
𝑃
𝑇 = 2π𝑁
●​ Safety Factor: 3 to 4 (repeated one directional)
●​ Permissible Shear Stress (τ): 40 MPa to 60 MPa for mild
steel
●​ Fatigue Factor: Consider fatigue loading based on the
shaft's operational environment.

V.​ ENGINEERING DRAWING OF THE SHAFT


Steps in Manual Shaft Drawing:
●​ Start with Centerlines: Draw the shaft's longitudinal axis.
●​ Indicate Bearings Locations: Mark fixed and free bearing
points.
●​ Shaft Diameters: Draw sections with varying diameters
based on loading conditions.
●​ Keyways: Show keyway slots for power transmission
components.
●​ Chamfers and Fillets: Indicate small radii at diameter
transitions.
●​ Dimensions and Tolerances: Label critical dimensions
with tolerances.
●​ Section Views: Include sectional views where necessary to
display internal features.
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
MAIN CAMPUS
M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu City, Philippines
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-mail: thepresident@ctu.edu.ph
Phone: +6332 402 4060 loc. 1137
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

VI.​ DESIGN CALCULATIONS


CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
MAIN CAMPUS
M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu City, Philippines
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-mail: thepresident@ctu.edu.ph
Phone: +6332 402 4060 loc. 1137
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

VII.​ SHAFT DESIGN STEPS


1. Define operating conditions.
2. Select shaft material.
3. Determine torque and power requirements.
4. Compute shaft diameter using torsional and bending
stress equations.
5. Design bearing supports and keyways.
6. Perform deflection and critical speed analysis.
7. Create detailed engineering drawings.
8. Verify design against safety factors.
9. Perform fatigue life estimation for cyclic loading.

VIII.​ CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the design and analysis of shafts for
mechanical power transmission have been explored with a
focus on efficiency, safety, and optimal material utilization. AISI
C1020 cold drawn steel was identified as a suitable material
choice due to its strength and durability under operational
stress. With a design speed of 1000 RPM and a power output of
15 kW, the calculated torque aligns with the required system
performance. By integrating these considerations, the resulting
design emphasizes reliability and functional effectiveness,
ensuring its applicability in mechanical systems.

IX.​ REFERENCES
[1] R.S. Khurmi and J.K. Gupta, A Textbook of Machine
Design, 14th ed., S. Chand, 2005. [2] Juvinall, R.C., and
Marshek, K.M., Fundamentals of Machine Component
Design, 5th ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
[3] P. Kannaiah, Machine Drawing, Scitech Publications, 2009.
[4] Budynas, R.G., and Nisbett, J.K., Shigley's Mechanical
Engineering Design, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2015.
[5] Norton, R.L., Machine Design: An Integrated Approach, 5th
ed., Pearson, 2013.

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