Concept of Hard Work

The concept of hard work involves going above and beyond usual efforts to achieve success,
often characterized by being focused, consistent, and motivated to produce quality results. It
can be defined as constantly, regularly, or habitually engaged in earnest and energetic work,
reflecting industriousness and diligence. Hard work is not just about the intensity of effort but
also about enduring and persevering through challenges. Successful individuals often
attribute their accomplishments to the value of hard work, which can lead to personal growth,
professional advancement, and a sense of purpose.
Hard work can also be defined as the investment of time, energy, and resources to achieve a
specific objective or set of objectives. It involves a willingness to take on challenges, learn
from failures, and continuously improve. Research has shown that hard work is a key
determinant of success in various fields, including academics, sports, and entrepreneurship. A
study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology found that hard work and perseverance
were strong predictors of job performance and career success.

Concept of poverty

Poverty is a complex and multifaceted concept that has been studied and defined in various
ways. At its core, poverty refers to the inability of an individual or group to attain a minimum
standard of living, often characterized by inadequate access to basic necessities like food,
water, shelter, and healthcare.
There are different approaches to understanding and measuring poverty. Some researchers
focus on income or food measures, while others consider a broader range of factors, including
education, health, and social exclusion. Poverty can be understood as a problem that affects
individuals, rather than just households. This perspective recognizes that people's experiences
of poverty can vary greatly, even within the same household.
Scholars have also highlighted the importance of understanding the underlying
characteristics of poverty, such as its sensitivity and variability across different cultures and
contexts. In terms of addressing poverty, researchers emphasize the need for a multifaceted
approach that incorporates poverty reduction, rural development, and social protection
strategies.
A Study of the Impact of Poverty Reduction Programs" Poverty has no precise definition but,
in the simplest form, it refers to the inability of an individual to attain the minimum standard
of living. It can also be defined as a social condition characterized by inadequate access to
basic human needs (food and non – food) necessary for the sustenance of a socially
acceptable minimum standard of living in a given society. Some of these basic determinants
of wellbeing include adequate food, shelter, potable water, Healthcare, education and
employment opportunities (Ibadan, 2016). Igbuzo (2017) conceptualized poverty as a
function of education, health, child mortality and other demographic variables. Poverty to
them is the availability or otherwise of the above parameters. In a nutshell poverty can be
seen as a situation in which an individual is unable because of economic, social, political and
psychological incapacitation, to provide himself and his family the barest necessities of life.

Relationship between hard work and poverty alleviation within the church and
community

The relationship between hard work and poverty alleviation within the church and
community is a vital aspect of addressing poverty. Here are some key roles of both the church
and community to consider in poverty alleviation.

The Role of the Church

The role of the church in poverty alleviation is multifaceted and crucial. According to a study
by Oyebode Paul Jegede, the church can play a significant role in poverty alleviation. This is
briefly discussed below:
Spiritual Empowerment: The church can provide spiritual guidance and empowerment to
individuals, helping them develop a strong work ethic and sense of purpose. This can be
achieved through teachings, counseling, and mentorship programs.
Community Support: Churches can offer support systems, such as food banks, job training
programs, and mentorship, to help individuals overcome poverty. These programs can be
tailored to meet the specific needs of the community.
Advocacy: The church can advocate for policies and programs that address the root causes of
poverty and promote economic empowerment. This can involve partnering with local
organizations, governments, and businesses to create jobs and opportunities.
Other organizations, such as Gospel for Asia, emphasize the importance of providing work
opportunities and resources to help families escape poverty ². This can include initiatives like
microfinance programs, vocational training, and community development projects.
Ultimately, the church's role in poverty alleviation requires a holistic approach that addresses
the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of individuals and communities.
Faith-based initiatives play a significant role in poverty alleviation, particularly in Africa. In
Nigeria and Kenya, for example, churches and Christian organizations have been
instrumental in providing social services, promoting social justice, and advocating for the
rights of the poor. Faith-based initiatives are often grounded in theological principles, such
as:
 Stewardship: Managing resources responsibly and sustainably to benefit all.
 Social justice: Promoting equity and fairness in the allocation of resources and
opportunities.
 Preferential option for the poor: Prioritizing the needs and welfare of the poor and
marginalized.
By combining these strategies and theological foundations, faith-based initiatives can make a
significant impact in poverty alleviation efforts.

The Role of the Community

1. Job creation: Community-based initiatives can create jobs and economic opportunities,
helping individuals to lift themselves out of poverty.
2. Education and training: Community programs can provide education and training, enabling
individuals to acquire skills and knowledge that can help them secure better-paying jobs.
3. Social support: Communities can offer social support networks, such as counseling,
mentorship, and peer support groups, to help individuals cope with the challenges of poverty.

Types of hard work

Hard work can be categorized into different types based on various factors such as duration,
intensity, and purpose. Here are some types of hard work below:
 Physical Hard Work
Physical hard work involves manual labor, physical exertion, and energy expenditure.
Examples include construction work, manufacturing, and agriculture.
 Mental Hard Work
Mental hard work involves cognitive effort, concentration, and mental strain. Examples
include problem-solving, decision-making, and creative work.
 Emotional Hard Work
Emotional hard work involves managing emotions, empathy, and social interactions.
Examples include customer service, teaching, and counseling.
 Long-Term Hard Work
Long-term hard work involves sustained effort and dedication over an extended period.
Examples include working on a long-term project, pursuing a graduate degree, or building a
business.
 High-Intensity Hard Work
High-intensity hard work involves intense focus, concentration, and energy expenditure over
a short period. Examples include working on a deadline, participating in a competition, or
responding to an emergency.

HUMAN HARD WORK

Human hard work refers to the physical and mental effort exerted by individuals to achieve
their goals, overcome challenges, and improve their lives. Human hard work involves the
intentional and deliberate expenditure of physical and mental energy to accomplish tasks,
achieve goals, and overcome obstacles.
Human hard work consists of several components, including: Physical effort: The physical
energy and exertion required to perform tasks, Mental effort: The cognitive and emotional
energy required to focus, concentrate, and make decisions, Motivation: The drive and
determination to initiate and sustain effort and Persistence: The ability to continue working
towards goals despite obstacles and setbacks.
Human hard work can lead to various outcomes such as Achievement: The accomplishment
of goals and objectives, Personal growth such as the development of skills, knowledge, and
character. Also Financial rewards which deals with the earning of income and wealth and
Social recognition.
Human hard work is a multifaceted concept that has been studied and debated by philosophers,
psychologists, and sociologists. It encompasses various aspects, including skill development,
resilience, and goal achievement. According to a study published in the Journal of Applied
Psychology in 2018, hard work is a key predictor of success in various domains, including
career and education. The study found that individuals who invested more time and effort in
their work were more likely to experience success and achieve their goals (Amabile et al.,
2018).
Another study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in 2020 found
that hard work can lead to increased self-esteem and life satisfaction. The study suggested
that engaging in challenging activities and persisting in the face of obstacles can foster a sense
of accomplishment and pride (Lyubomirsky et al., 2020).
In addition, research has shown that hard work can also have negative consequences, such as
burnout and decreased motivation. A study published in the Journal of Occupational and
Organizational Psychology in 2019 found that excessive work effort can lead to physical and
mental exhaustion, as well as decreased job satisfaction (Demerouti et al., 2019).
Overall, human hard work is a complex and multifaceted concept that can have both positive
and negative consequences. While it is often associated with success and achievement, it can
also lead to burnout and decreased motivation. Nevertheless, it is a vital key to success.

Methods of Hard Work

Hard work is a complex and multifaceted concept that can be approached from various angles.
Here are some methods of hard work that have been identified:

 Consistent Effort and continuous learning: Consistent effort is a key component of hard
work. Research has shown that individuals who make a regular effort to achieve their goals
are more likely to experience success (Amabile et al., 2018). Continuously learning and
improving skills is essential for hard work. This involves seeking feedback, learning from
failures, and staying up-to-date with industry developments.
 Goal-Setting: Setting clear and specific goals is an effective way to motivate oneself to
work hard. This involves identifying what needs to be accomplished and creating a plan
to achieve it [A study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology in 2012 found that
individuals who set specific and challenging goals were more likely to experience success
than those who set vague or easy goals (Locke & Latham, 2012).
 Time Management: Effective time management is essential for hard work. Effective time
management is crucial for hard work. This involves prioritizing tasks, setting goals, and
avoiding procrastination Research has shown that individuals who prioritize their tasks and
manage their time effectively are more likely to achieve their goals (Katz & Krueger,
2016).
 Self-Motivation and self-care: Self-motivation is a critical component of hard work.
Individuals who are motivated to achieve their goals are more likely to experience success
 than those who lack motivation (Deci & Ryan, 2016). Taking care of one's physical,
emotional, and mental well-being is critical for hard work. This involves getting enough
sleep, exercise, and nutrition, as well as practicing stress-reducing activities.
 Resilience and self-decipline: Resilience is the ability to bounce back from setbacks and
failures. Research has shown that individuals who are resilient are more likely to experience
success than those who lack resilience (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2012). So also, developing
self-discipline is essential for hard work. This involves creating habits and routines that
support productivity and goal achievement.

According to brave, other methods include:

 Break big goals into small tasks: This makes the work more manageable and boosts
morale as you check off items from your to-do list.

 Surround yourself with motivated people: Being around individuals who are driven
and ambitious can inspire you to work harder and do better.

 Reward yourself: Celebrating small victories can motivate you to keep pushing forward.

 Give yourself breaks: Taking regular breaks can help maintain focus and prevent
burnout.

 Stay focused: Avoid distractions and maintain concentration on your tasks.

 Take care of yourself physically: Good physical health supports mental stamina and
productivity.

 Start your day with the most important task: Tackling the most challenging task early
can set a positive tone for the rest of the day.

 Train optimism: Viewing challenges as opportunities can make the effort required to
work hard seem less daunting.

 Some methods include Focusing on the process, using a Commitment Device, and getting
comfortable being uncomfortable. These strategies can help one to develop the discipline
and motivation needed to work hard consistently.
OLD TESTAMENT CONCEPT OF HARD WORK

In the Old Testament, hard work is often associated with diligence, responsibility, and
stewardship. A key verse is Proverbs 6:6-8, which states: "Go to the ant, you sluggard;
consider its ways and be wise! It has no commander, no overseer or ruler, yet it stores its
provisions in summer and gathers its food at harvest.” This verse emphasizes the importance of
hard work and preparation for the future.
In the book "The Bible and the Pursuit of Happiness" by Randy Alcorn (2013), the author
writes: "The Bible teaches that hard work is a virtue, not a vice. It is a way of honoring God
and taking care of ourselves and our families."
A study published in the Journal of Biblical Literature (2018) notes that the Old Testament
concept of hard work is closely tied to the idea of covenantal responsibility. The authors argue
that "the biblical concept of hard work is not just about individual effort, but about fulfilling
one's role within the community and honoring God's commandments."
The bible emphasized the necessity of hard work in the Old Testament, pointing out some
virtues that best explain the concept of hard work in some verses of the Old Testament.
According to research the concept of hard work in the Old Testament can be seen in the
following verses:

1. Diligence

The Old Testament emphasizes the importance of diligence and hard work. Proverbs 10:4-5
states, "A slack hand causes poverty, but the hand of the diligent makes rich. He who gathers
in summer is a prudent son, but he who sleeps in harvest is a son who brings shame".

2. Industriousness

The Old Testament praises industriousness and hard work. Proverbs 22:29 states, "A man
skilled in his work will serve kings, but a lazy man will be forced to labor".

3. Stewardship

The Old Testament emphasizes the importance of responsible stewardship of one's resources,
including time and talents. Genesis 2:15 states, "The Lord God took the man and put him in
the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it".
4. Reward for Hard Work

The Old Testament teaches that hard work will be rewarded. Proverbs 12:27 states, "The lazy
man does not roast his game, but the diligent man prizes his possessions".

5. Consequences of Laziness

The Old Testament warns against laziness and its consequences. Proverbs 20:4 states, "The
sluggard does not plow in the autumn; he will seek at harvest time, but nothing will be
found".

6. Balance between Work and Rest

The Old Testament emphasizes the importance of balance between work and rest. Exodus
20:8-11 states, "Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor and do
all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of the Lord your God".

7. Work as Worship

The Old Testament teaches that work can be a form of worship. Colossians 3:23-24 states,
"Whatever you do, do your work heartily, as for the Lord rather than for men, knowing that
from the Lord you will receive the inheritance as your reward".

8. Hard Work as a Virtue

The Old Testament presents hard work as a virtue. Proverbs 31:27 states, "She looks well to
the ways of her household and does not eat the bread of idleness".

9. Avoiding Idleness

The Old Testament warns against idleness and its consequences. Proverbs 6:6-11 states, "Go
to the ant, you sluggard; consider its ways and be wise! It has no commander, no overseer or
ruler, yet it stores its provisions in summer and gathers its food at harvest".

10. Trusting in God's Providence

The Old Testament teaches that hard work should be accompanied by trust in God's
providence. Psalm 127:1-2 states, "Unless the Lord builds the house, the builder’s labor in
vain. Unless the Lord watches over the city, the guards stand watch in vain".

Proverbs, a book known for its wisdom, frequently highlights the value of hard work. For
example, Proverbs 13:4 states, "The soul of the sluggard craves, and has nothing, but the soul
of the diligent shall be made fat". Similarly, Proverbs 14:23 teaches, "In all labor there is
profit, but the talk of the lips tends only to penury”. These verses underscore the importance
of action over idle talk and the benefits of diligent work.

The concept of hard work is also linked to God's blessings and prosperity. Proverbs 22:29
advises, "Do you see someone skilled in their work? They will serve before kings; they will
not serve before officials of low rank". This verse highlights that diligent and skilled labor
can lead to positions of honor and respect.

Furthermore, the Old Testament teaches that work is not just a result of the curse but an
integral part of God's plan for humanity. Genesis 1:26 shows God's intention for humans to
rule and steward the earth, indicating that work was part of God's original plan. This
perspective encourages Christians to view their work as a meaningful and purposeful
endeavor, aligning with God's will.

New Testament Concept of Hard Work

The New Testament emphasizes the importance of hard work and diligence, encouraging
believers to approach their work with a heart for God. According to the New Testament, hard
work is not just about physical labor but also encompasses one’s attitude and dedication to
tasks, whether in a professional setting or in everyday life. This perspective is highlighted in
various passages, such as Colossians 3:23, which states, "Whatever you do, work at it with all
your heart, as working for the Lord, not for human masters, since you know that you will
receive an inheritance from the Lord as a reward".
Paul, in his letters, often stresses the value of hard work and the consequences of idleness.
For instance, in 2 Thessalonians 3:10, he asserts, "For even when we were with you, we gave
you this rule: ‘The one who is unwilling to work shall not eat.’" This verse underscores the
principle that those who do not work should not expect to be supported, encouraging a strong
work ethic among believers.
 Moreover, the New Testament teaches that work should be done with excellence and
integrity, as if serving the Lord directly. This is exemplified in Ephesians 4:28, where Paul
instructs, "Let the thief no longer steal, but rather let him labor, doing honest work with his
own hands, so that he may have something to share with anyone in need".

The New Testament emphasizes the importance of responsible stewardship of one's

resources, including time and talents. Matthew 25:14-30 states, "For it will be like a man
going on a journey, who called his servants and entrusted to them his property".
The New Testament praises industriousness and hard work. 1 Thessalonians 4:11-12 states,
"Make it your ambition to lead a quiet life, to mind your own business, and to work with your
hands, just as we instructed you". The New Testament teaches that hard work will be
rewarded. 1 Corinthians 3:8 states, "The one who plants and the one who waters have one
purpose, and each will be rewarded according to their own labor”. The New Testament warns
against laziness and its consequences. 2 Thessalonians 3:6-15 states, "Now we command you,
brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you keep away from any brother who is
walking in idleness and not in accord with the tradition that you received from us".
In The New Testament, Jesus balance hard work and rest. Mark 6:31 states, "And he said to
them, 'Come away by yourselves to a desolate place and rest a while.' For many were coming
and going, and they had no leisure even to eat". Hence, the need to emulate Him. Hard work
is an act of worship. The New Testament teaches that work can be a form of worship.
Colossians 3:23-24 states, "Whatever you do, do your work heartily, as for the Lord rather
than for men, knowing that from the Lord you will receive the inheritance as your reward".

Biblical Concept of Hard Work

The biblical concept of hard work is deeply rooted in the will of God for humanity.
According to the Bible, work is not merely a means to earn a living but is an essential aspect
of human existence, reflecting God's original plan for human life.

Hard Work as God’s original mandate for man

From the very beginning, God created us to labor. “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth
and subdue it, and have dominion. . .” (Genesis 1:28). Work is not the product of sin, but a
major facet of God’s original plan for human life in his world. God designed us to move and
be active, to exert energy and employ skill to produce goods for human flourishing. Before
sin entered the world, God “took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and
keep it” (Genesis 2:15). And then God made the man “a helper fit for him” (Genesis 2:18).
God made men and women to use, not squander, the energy he gives us daily through food
and rest, to accomplish his mission — the work — he gave us to do in the world. Work, then,
we might say, is the exertion of energy, investment of time and attention, and application of
skill toward the ends of God’s calling to be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth, as well as
subdue it and have holy dominion. Such work is a central aspect of what it means to be
human. And so, it makes sense that when sin enters the world, and God curses the creation,
he also curses our work: Cursed is the ground because of you; in pain you shall eat of it all
the days of your life; thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for you. . . . By the sweat of your
face you shall eat bread. (Genesis 3:17–19). Work is good. And work is cursed. Such is our
lot in this age, until the creation is set free from its bondage to corruption and enters with us,
the redeemed, into the freedom of the glory of the children of God (Romans 8:21).
Even then we will not sit around doing nothing, but we will be freed to work and move and
expend ourselves in joy, finally unencumbered by the curse. In the meantime, we learn to
work, despite the curse, at our work.

The bible encourages us to Work with Your Hands. We often have career and work-for-pay
in mind when we talk about our work. But for Christians, the concept of work and labor
extends far beyond simply what other people pay us to do. In all the Scriptures, no one talks
about work more than the apostle Paul. “Work” was more than just “working with our own
hands” (1 Corinthians 4:12), but not less. Paul himself was a tentmaker. Such work was an
especially pressing issue in Thessalonica, where some in the church were idle, refusing to
work — waiting, they claimed, for Christ’s imminent return. Paul saw it as a spiritual-
sounding covering for laziness. He put himself and Timothy forward as examples of hard
work. You remember, brothers, our labor and toil: we worked night and day, that we might
not be a burden to any of you, while we proclaimed to you the gospel of God. ( 1
Thessalonians 2:9) We were not idle when we were with you, . . . but with toil and labor we
worked night and day, that we might not be a burden to any of you. ( 2 Thessalonians 3:7–8)
And he expected the same from every Christian. “Aspire to live quietly, and to mind your
own affairs, and to work with your hands, as we instructed you, so that you may walk
properly before outsiders and be dependent on no one” (1 Thessalonians 4:11–12).
Paul knew the transforming power of the Spirit, and expected mooches and thieves alike to
find a new work ethic once they came to Christ. “Let the thief no longer steal, but rather let
him labor, doing honest work with his own hands, so that he may have something to share
with anyone in need” (Ephesians 4:28). Not just to relieve the need for others to be burdened
by you, but to secure enough, through honest hard work, to be able to share with others in
need. And yet, for Paul, such work-for-pay was only one aspect of work or labor for the
Christian. He didn’t mean for converts to work their forty-plus hours, Monday to Friday, and
be idle for the other eighty waking hours of the week. He both embodies and teaches a work
ethic that is relevant at the office and at home, even for “time off” and vacation. It begins
with a particular kind of rest.
Another vital aspect to consider is that, the foundational truth about the biblical concept of
hard work points that the labor of our hands cannot get us right with God. Human effort and
exertion, no matter how impressive compared to our peers’, cannot secure the acceptance and
favor of the Almighty. God’s full and final acceptance — which we call justification —
comes to us “by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus” ( Romans
3:24), not through our working, even our doing of God-commanded works (Romans 3:28).
God’s choice of his people “depends not on human will or exertion, but on God, who has
mercy” (Romans 9:16), and so, fittingly, his final and decisive approval and embrace of his
people is through their believing in him, not their working for him (Romans 4:4–5; 2 Timothy
1:9; Titus 3:5). The Christian faith — rightly understood, grounded in justification by faith
alone — is the world’s greatest rest from human labor. Jesus invites “all who labor and are
heavy laden” to come to him for his gift of rest (Matthew 11:28). And then in this rest, God
supplies remarkable, even supernatural, ambition for pouring out what energies we have for
the good of others.
Freed for the Good of Others
As we come to Christ in faith, we receive another gift, in addition to justification: “the
promised Holy Spirit” (Ephesians 1:13). The Spirit not only produces in us the faith by which
we’re justified, but he gives us new life in Christ, new desires, new inclinations, new
instincts. By the Spirit, our coming into such rest does not make us idle or lazy. Rather, Paul
says, the Spirit begins to make us “zealous for good works” (Titus 2:14), eager and ready to
do good (2 Timothy 2:21; 3:16–17; Titus 3:1–2), devoting ourselves to acts that serve the
good of others (Titus 3:8, 14).
The Reformation recovery of such ultimate rest for the soul produced a different kind of
people. Not a lazy and apathetic people. But the kind of people with new energy and
freedom, new vision and hope, fresh initiatives, fresh freedom from self, and new desires to
expend self for the good of others. The kind of people who have the Spirit of God in them.
It’s been called “the Protestant work ethic.”

Paul not only commended hard work (Acts 20:35; Romans 16:6, 12; Colossians 4:13; 2
Timothy 2:6), but criticized the idle and lazy (1 Thessalonians 5:15; 2 Thessalonians
3:6, 7, 11; Titus 1:12–13). And he was not the first. Proverbs warns against the folly of sloth
(Proverbs 12:24, 27; 19:15) and against the sluggard (fourteen times). Twice do we hear this
refrain: A little sleep, a little slumber,
a little folding of the hands to rest,
and poverty will come upon you like a robber,
and want like an armed man. (Both Proverbs 6:10–11 and 24:33–34).The opposite of the
sluggard is the diligent (Proverbs 13:4) and upright (Proverbs 15:19). Laziness will catch up
with us; it’s just a matter of time (Proverbs 6:6–11; 20:4; 21:25; 24:30–34). Laziness makes
ridiculous excuses to protect its own comforts (Proverbs 22:13; 26:13). Sluggards may even
think (and say) they are smart and develop elaborate rationales against just doing hard work
(Proverbs 26:16).
But Christians should be the freest people on the planet to work hard. Because we know we
do not have to earn the favor of God Almighty with our works — but that it has been secured
for us by Jesus — we have been liberated to pour our energy and time and skill and creativity
into blessing others. Which leads to one of the main ways Paul talked about work.

Hard work in Christian Ministry

Paul wasn’t the first to see Christian ministry as labor. Jesus talked about a plentiful harvest,
and few laborers, and told his disciples to ask “the Lord of the harvest to send out laborers
into his harvest” (Matthew 9:37–38; Luke 10:2). Such laborers in kingdom work, he said,
deserve their wages and food (Matthew 10:10; Luke 10:7; 1 Timothy 5:18). Paul not only
worked with his own hands, and charged others to do the same, but he saw Christian ministry
as labor. He wasn’t worried about collapsing tents when he spoke regularly of concern that
his labors not be in vain (1 Corinthians 15:58; Galatians 4:11; Philippians 2:16; 1
Thessalonians 3:5). A dozen times in his letters he refers to ministry helpers and associates as
“fellow workers.” He knew that “living on in the flesh” in this life would mean “fruitful
labor” (Philippians 1:22), not retirement, excess leisure, or extended vacations. He wanted
every Christian, not just his delegates and assistants, to join him in “always abounding in the
work of the Lord” (1 Corinthians 15:58).

Hard work through Love

Paul knew that hard work in and of itself was inadequate. In Christian ministry, the point is
not the hard work itself but the goal: love. He spoke of the “labor of love” — the hard work
we do for others (1 Thessalonians 1:3). Hard work in service of private, selfish ends is not
commendable, but selfless, others-oriented, loving labor is. Paul testifies, “I toil, struggling
with all his energy that he powerfully works within me” (Colossians 1:29), not because he
simply had a hard-working personality type, but because he was driven to proclaim Christ for
the good of others: “Him we proclaim, warning everyone and teaching everyone with all
wisdom, that we may present everyone mature in Christ” (Colossians 1:28). Because
“godliness is of value in every way” (1 Timothy 4:8), he said, “We toil and strive, because
we have our hope set on the living God” (1 Timothy 4:10).
He also saw the ministry of Christian preaching and teaching, done rightly, as hard labor ( 1
Timothy 5:17–18; 1 Thessalonians 5:12–13), not a nice fit for guys with soft hands and a
preference for an indoor job. Such labor is not only cursed and opposed but specifically
targeted by Satan, who often focuses his assaults on opposing lieutenants. If he can cut off the
leadership and supply lines, he will soon overwhelm the ground troops. A pastor who doesn’t
sweat and strain, especially at his study and teaching (2 Timothy 2:15), is not fulfilling his
calling. Perhaps Paul would acknowledge that he had some unusual wiring. Maybe it was his
singleness that freed him for extraordinary ministry output. Not only did he testify to “far
greater labors” than his detractors (2 Corinthians 11:23), but even compared to the other
apostles, he said, “I worked hard than any of them” (1 Corinthians 15:10). But again and
again, he put his uncommon exertions forward not as an exception to admire, but as an
example to follow — within the capacity God had given each, and with the understanding
that every Christian can grow and expand our capacity for productive labor.

Man as God’s Workmanship.

The bible tells was that we all are God’s masterpiece created to work for him alone. Few, if
any, will match Paul’s labors. As John Piper shares why he loves the apostle Paul, he
commends his work ethic: His achievements were unsurpassed. Now and then, he referred to
his hard work and spiritual authority and fruitfulness. But every time he did that, he
confessed his utter dependence on the grace of God. He wanted to glory in Christ himself, not
in his own hard work. (88–89). There is a word of hope here for those who battle laziness.
Paul professed again and again that the key to his seemingly tireless labors was God at work
in him (Philippians 2:12–13; Colossians 1:29). It was not in his own strength to do what he
did. Christ was strengthening him (1 Timothy 1:12; Philippians 4:13). In the same breath, he
says he “worked harder than” the other apostles, and he says, “Though it was not I, but the
grace of God that is with me” (1 Corinthians 15:10). And still today, Christ strengthens his
church by grace (Romans 16:25; 2 Timothy 2:1). Paul would be quick to challenge today’s
hardest workers with the truth that, apart from God, our best labors will prove futile in the
end. And for those who know they need help, who have more regrets about laziness than
over-work, he would remind them, “We are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for
good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them” (Ephesians 2:10).
God doesn’t leave us to labor in our own strength. He has our good works prepared ahead of
time.

In summary, the biblical concept of hard work is closely aligned with the will of God for
humanity. It is a divine mandate, an act of worship, a path to prosperity and integrity, and a
means of serving others. Despite the challenges and curses that come with work, believers are
called to approach their labor with diligence, faith, and a focus on God's ultimate purposes.
African Concept of Hard Work

The African concept of hard work is deeply rooted in the culture and values of the continent.
According to a study published in 2013, 85% of Africans believe that hard work is essential for
getting ahead in life. This is often attributed to the need to meet basic needs and overcome economic
challenges. Africans generally have a strong belief in the concept of hard work as a key to
success. This belief is deeply rooted in cultural and traditional values, including ancestral faith,
which encourages resilience and collective responsibility. Africans are known for their strong
work ethic, with 85% of those surveyed in 2013 believing that people in their countries can get
ahead by working hard, a belief that rivals results found in more developed nations. This faith in
work ethic is often necessary for meeting basic needs and could be a significant asset for
economic development. However, the concept of "working hard, not smart" is prevalent in many
African organizations, where long hours and visible presence in the office are valued over
efficient work. This approach can lead to burnout and stress, as seen in corporate environments
where employees are expected to be available 24/7, including on weekends and holidays.
 Additionally, African women, despite being among the most hardworking globally, often face
barriers in accessing education, careers, and economic resources, leading to lower income and
fewer opportunities.
African concept of hard work can be seen in the following ways such as Collective Work:
In many African cultures, work is a collective effort. Families and communities often work
together to achieve common goals. Agriculture-Based Economy: Oluwasanmi, H. A. (2013), in
his book, Agricultural development in Africa: said that Agriculture is a significant sector in many
African economies. Hard work in agriculture is essential for food security and economic growth.
Entrepreneurship Africans are known for their entrepreneurial spirit. Many Africans work hard
to establish and grow their own businesses, often in the informal sector. Resilience: Africans have
demonstrated remarkable resilience in the face of adversity, including economic hardship,
conflict, and climate change. Hard work and determination are essential for survival and success.
Community-Based Initiatives: Many African communities have initiated community-based
projects to promote economic development and improve living standards. These initiatives often
rely on hard work and collective effort. Chitereka, C. (2017). Informal Economy: The informal
economy is a significant sector in many African countries. Hard work and entrepreneurship are
essential for success in the informal economy. Skinner, C. (2018). The informal economy in
Africa: A review of the literature. Journal of African Economies, 27(1), 1-20. Cultural Values
Hard work is often deeply ingrained in African cultural values. Many African cultures emphasize
the importance of hard work, diligence, and responsibility. Education and Training: Oketch, M.
(2016) Education and training are essential for developing the skills and knowledge needed to
succeed in the workforce. Many Africans recognize the importance of hard work and education
for personal and economic development. Family and Social Support: Adepoju, A. (2017)
Family and social support are crucial for many Africans, particularly in rural areas. Hard work
and collective effort are often essential for family and community survival. Faith and
Spirituality: Gifford, P. (2015). Faith and spirituality play a significant role in many African
cultures. Hard work and determination are often seen as essential for achieving spiritual and
economic goals.
Overall, while the belief in hard work is strong across Africa, there is a growing recognition of the
need for a balance between work and personal life, as well as the importance of creativity and
ingenuity in the modern work environment.
PORVETY ERADICATION AND ITS ROLE IN REHABILITATING AND
RESTORING LOST CHERISED HABITS OF HARD WORK

Poverty eradication is a top priority for many international development agencies and is seen
as a way to address the root causes of poverty and improve living standards for millions of
people. The concept involves not only reducing the number of people living in poverty but
also empowering them to participate actively in economic and social life. Poverty eradication
refers to the elimination of poverty and its associated deprivations, including lack of access to
education, healthcare, and economic instability. Poverty eradication is a crucial step in
revitalizing the habit of hard work in Africa. By providing access to education, economic
opportunities, and resources, individuals can break the cycle of poverty and develop a strong
work ethic. According to the United Nations, poverty eradication is essential for achieving
sustainable development and improving living standards.

One approach to poverty eradication is through the promotion of policies and programs that
support local communities in managing their own resources, such as forests and agricultural
lands. This can help restore lost cherished habits of hard work by providing opportunities for
people to engage in productive activities that can generate income and improve their
livelihoods. The concept of poverty eradication is an urgent global priority, and various
organizations and initiatives, such as the Global Solidarity Network and the Poor People's
Economic Human Rights Campaign, are working to secure freedom from poverty for all.
The concept of poverty eradication involves a multifaceted approach aimed at lifting
people out of poverty permanently. It includes measures such as economic growth, access
to basic needs, social protection, Education and job training, Mentorship and coaching,
Incentives and rewards, and Social support. Poverty is not just about a lack of income but
also encompasses poor health, education, and quality of life, making it a complex issue that
requires comprehensive solutions. Eradicating poverty has been a central mission for
policymakers in developing countries since the post-World War II era, as they sought to
correct the failures of colonial rule and transform their economies and societies. The United
Nations Sustainable Development Goal 1 aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere by
2030, recognizing that poverty eradication is essential for achieving several other SDGs.
Poverty Eradication efforts can help rehabilitate and restore lost cherished habits of hard
work by providing opportunities for economic participation, decent wages, and
empowerment. Empowering women, the poor, and marginalized communities to take an
active role in formulating and implementing rural forest policies and programs can also
contribute to poverty reduction. By providing access to resources, education, and training,
these communities can become more self-sufficient and resilient. Various strategies have
been proposed to address poverty, including economic liberalization, extending property
rights to the poor, and providing financial services such as savings through technology like
mobile banking.
Biblical Concept of Poverty Eradication

The Bible addresses poverty eradication through various perspectives and commands.
It emphasizes equitable treatment for the poor and stresses the importance of caring for
them. For instance, the Pentateuch highlights that justice should not be withheld from the
poor and that interest should not be charged to the poor of their people. Additionally, the
Bible includes provisions for the poor, such as gleaning laws, debt cancellation during the
Sabbatical year, and Jubilee provisions for releasing servants who became poor. In the book
"The Bible and Poverty" (2010), author John Walton argues that the biblical concept of poverty
is closely tied to the idea of dependence on God. He cites Deuteronomy 15:7-11 as an example
of God's command to help the poor and needy.

In the New Testament, Jesus and his disciples also emphasized caring for the poor. Mark's
gospel includes the command to care for the poor ("Give you them something to eat"), and
Luke's gospel extensively elaborates on the theme of caring for the poor, reflecting the
situation of his community which consisted of both rich and poor Christians. In the article
"Jesus and the Poor" (2010), author N.T. Wright argues that Jesus' teachings on poverty and
wealth are closely tied to his teachings on the kingdom of God. He cites Luke 6:20-26 as an
example of Jesus' teaching on poverty and wealth.

The biblical concept of poverty eradication emphasizes the importance of caring for the poor
and vulnerable, and promoting economic justice and equality. The Bible emphasizes God's
concern for the poor and vulnerable. Psalm 35:10 states, "For you, O Lord, are good and
forgiving, abounding in steadfast love to all who call upon you" Kidner, D. (2014).The Bible
promotes economic justice and equality. Leviticus 19:9-10 states, "When you reap the harvest
of your land, you shall not reap your field right up to its edge, neither shall you gather the
gleanings after your harvest. You shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner".
Wenham, G. J. (2015). The Bible emphasizes the importance of caring for the poor and
vulnerable. Proverbs 19:17 states, "Whoever is generous to the poor lends to the Lord, and he
will repay him for his deed".Waltke, B. K. (2015). The Bible promotes equality and fairness
in economic relationships. Deuteronomy 15:7-8 states, "If among you, one of your brothers
should become poor, in any of your towns within your land that the Lord your God gives you,
you shall not harden your heart or shut your hand against your poor brother".Tigay, J. H.
(2016). Deuteronomy. The JPS Torah Commentary.
The Bible emphasizes the importance of generosity and giving to those in need. 2 Corinthians
9:7 states, "Each one must give as he has decided in his heart, not reluctantly or under
compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver". Community Development the Bible emphasizes
the importance of community development and mutual support. Acts 2:44-45 states, "And all
who believed were together and had all things in common. And they were selling their
possessions and belongings and distributing the proceeds to all, as any had need". Peterson,
D. (2017), the Acts of the Apostles. The Bible promotes advocacy for the poor and
vulnerable. Proverbs 31:8-9 states, "Open your mouth for the mute, for the rights of all who
are destitute. Open your mouth, judge righteously, defend the rights of the poor and needy".
The Bible warns of God's judgment on economic injustice. Amos 2:6-8 states, "Thus says the
Lord: 'For three transgressions of Israel, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment,
because they sell the righteous for silver, and the needy for a pair of sandals'. Smith, G. V.
(2018). Amos. New American Commentary.

However, there is a debate about whether poverty can be eradicated. Some interpret Jesus'
words, "For you will always have the poor with you," as indicating that poverty is an
inevitable part of society. Yet, this interpretation is challenged by the broader context of the
Bible, which commands believers to open their hands to the poor and needy.

CONCEPT OF POVERTY ERADICATION BY SCHOLARS

Poverty eradication in Africa has been a subject of interest for many scholars, with various
perspectives on how to achieve it. Causes of Poverty in Africa are complex and multifaceted,
including limited access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities ¹.Some scholars
argue that economic growth is essential for poverty eradication in Africa. For instance,
Banerjee and Duflo (2011) suggest that economic growth can help reduce poverty, but it must
be accompanied by policies that address inequality and provide opportunities for the poor to
improve their lives others emphasize the importance of social protection programs, such as cash
transfers and social grants, in reducing poverty and inequality. Research by the Chronic
Poverty Research Centre highlights the effectiveness of social protection programs in
addressing chronic poverty in Africa.

In addition, gender equality is seen as crucial for poverty eradication in Africa. Chant (2010)
argues that gender inequality perpetuates poverty, and that addressing gender disparities is
essential for reducing poverty and promoting economic growth. Country-specific initiatives
have also been implemented to address poverty in Africa. For example, Nigeria has introduced
various poverty eradication programs, including the National Poverty Eradication Programme
(NAPEP)

Pingali, Stamoulis, and Stringer (2006) emphasize the need for a coherent policy agenda to
eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Their approach involves integrating agricultural
development with broader economic policies to ensure that smallholder farmers can achieve
food security and generate income. Duflo, Kremer, and Robinson (2011) focus on the role
of behavioral economics in poverty reduction. They argue that small nudges, such as
providing free fertilizer to farmers, can significantly increase agricultural productivity and, in
turn, improve livelihoods. Ellis and Freeman (2004) highlight the importance of
understanding rural livelihoods and the diverse strategies that households use to cope with
poverty. Their research suggests that poverty reduction strategies should be tailored to the
specific needs and aspirations of different groups within rural communities. AGRA (2016)
The Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) emphasizes the need to close the
yield gap between actual and potential crop yields. They argue that increasing productivity
through better technologies and practices can help smallholder farmers achieve food security
and generate surplus income. Dercon and Gilligan (2009) examine the impact of agricultural
extension and infrastructure development on poverty and consumption growth. They find that
improving access to information and markets can significantly enhance the well-being of
rural households. Dorward, Fan, Kydd, et al. (2004) advocate for rethinking agricultural
policies to ensure they are pro-poor. Their work emphasizes the need to consider the
heterogeneity of smallholder farmers and to design interventions that address the specific
constraints and opportunities faced by different groups. Sanchez et al. (2007) describe the
Millennium Village Project, which aims to demonstrate that integrated, science-based
interventions can rapidly lift rural communities out of poverty. The project focuses on
improving agricultural productivity, health, education, and infrastructure in targeted villages
across Africa.

These diverse perspectives highlight the complexity of poverty in Africa and the need for
multifaceted, context-specific strategies to achieve sustainable poverty eradication.