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Fa 18 Exsol

The document contains solutions to exercises in Functional Analysis I, focusing on propositions related to continuous seminorms and topologies in vector spaces. It demonstrates the equivalence of weak and norm topologies in finite-dimensional spaces and discusses convergence in topological spaces. Additionally, it addresses the absence of a norm inducing a specific topology on L2loc (R).

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Leonardo Méndez
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3 views2 pages

Fa 18 Exsol

The document contains solutions to exercises in Functional Analysis I, focusing on propositions related to continuous seminorms and topologies in vector spaces. It demonstrates the equivalence of weak and norm topologies in finite-dimensional spaces and discusses convergence in topological spaces. Additionally, it addresses the absence of a norm inducing a specific topology on L2loc (R).

Uploaded by

Leonardo Méndez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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D-MATH Functional Analysis I HS 2023

Prof. Marc Burger

Exercise Sheet 8 - Solutions


1. Prove Proposition V.11 and Corollary V.12.
Solution: We begin by proving Proposition V.11. Note that (i) is equivalent to (ii) because
addition is continuous in topological vector spaces. Let || · ||β be a continuous seminorm on
W , F = (|| · ||α )α∈F a set of continuous seminorms on V and r > 0. The condition

N (0; F ; r) ⊂ T −1 (N (0; β; 1)).

is equivalent to
1
sup ||T x||β ∀α ∈ F : ||x||α ⩽ 1 < .

r
This shows that (ii) is equivalent to (iii).
If we regard the topology on R as the topology induced by | · |, then Proposition V.11 says
that continuity of a functional f : V → R is equivalent to the existence of a finite set of
continuous seminorms F on V with

sup ||f (x)| ∀α ∈ F : ||x||α ⩽ 1 < +∞.




2. Let V be a finite-dimensional normed space. Show that the weak topology and the norm
topology on V coincide.
Solution: Consider a basis (f1 , , . . . , fn ) of V ∗ and define the seminorms ||v||i := |f (vi )| for
i = 1, . . . , n. Any functional f ∈ V ∗ is continuous with respect to the topology defined by
the seminorms || · ||i because we can write f = λ1 f1 + · · · + λn fn and then

|f (v)| ⩽ |λ1 |||v||1 + · · · + |λn |||v||n

for all v ∈ V . This implies the weak topology is generated by the finite set ||·||i . In particular,
the weak topology is the topology defined by the norm

|| · || := || · ||1 + · · · + || · ||n .

Thus the weak topology coincides with the (unique) norm topology on V .
3. Let X be a set, F = {(φ, Yi ) : i ∈ I} a family of pairs consisting of topological spaces Yi
with a map φi : X → Yi and equip X with the initial topology with respect to F . Prove
that a sequence (xn )n ∈ X converges to x ∈ X if and only if φi (xn ) converges to φi (x) for
all i ∈ I.
Solution: Suppose (xn )n∈N is a sequence in X. If the sequence has a limit point x ∈ X then
φi (x) is a limit point of (φi (xn ))n∈N for each i ∈ I because the functions are continuous.
For the other direction, define
[
B := {φ−1
i (V )|V ⊂ Yi open} ⊂ P(X).
i∈I

1
D-MATH Functional Analysis I HS 2023
Prof. Marc Burger

Equip X with the topology whose opens are unions of finite intersections U1 ∩ · · · Un with
Ui ∈ B. This is the smallest topology which contains B and hence the initial topology.
Suppose there exists x ∈ X such that φi (x) is a limit point of φi (xn ) for all i ∈ I. Let W be
a generic neighborhood of x ∈ X. There exists i1 , . . . , im ∈ I and opens Vj ⊂ Yij such that
\
x∈ φ−1
ij (Vj ) ⊂ W
j

because such sets form a basis for the topology. There exists N ⩾ 0 such that φij (xn ) ∈ Vij
for each j and n ⩾ N . In particular, we get xn ∈ W for all n ⩾ N. This implies that x is a
limit point of (xn )n .
4. Show that on L2loc (R) (where we take the Lebesgue measure) there is no norm inducing the
topology defined in Example V.10.
Solution: Suppose L2loc (R) is a normed space with norm || · ||. Set

F := {|| · ||L2 (K) |K ⊂ R compact}

then the map


(V, F ) → (V, || · ||)
is continuous because both sets of seminorms define the same topology. Exercise 1 implies
that there is a constant C > 0 and compact subsets K1 , . . . , Kn ⊂ R such that

||f || ⩽ Cmax{||f ||L2 (Ki ) | i = 1, . . . , n}.

Let K = K1 ∪ · · · ∪ Kn . The above inequalty implies

||χR\K || = 0

and therefore χR\K = 0. But the set K is compact which means R\K is a non-empty open
set and hence χR\K ̸= 0. This is the desired contradiction.

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