Page 1 of 10 HSC BASIC PHYSICS BY Rafiqul Islam Parvez, Lecturer, Chattogram Cantonment Public College Mobile: 01738144717

Chapter Four: Newtonian Mechanics

Topic#01: Tilting Angle of a Cyclist
v2
(1) Tilting angle of a cyclist: tan  
rg
(2) Condition to take the turn safely using friction: vsafe  s rg

Barishal Board 2022

There was a curved of radius 3 m in the plane road of a village. A cyclist crossed the turn with taking turn towards the
path with a velocity of 20 kmh-1. The maximum speed limit of 6 kmh-1 is mentioned on a warning plate in the turn of
the road, so that a cyclist can safely cross the turn without taking turn towards the path. There was no banking in the
2
turn of the road and the coefficient of static friction between tyre and road is 0.1 and g  9.8ms .
(c) At what angle did the cyclist cross the turn of the road while riding the cycle? Determine it.
(d) Justify the accuracy of the speed limit mentioned on the warning plate.

Topic#02: Banking Angle of a Road:

h
(1) Banking angle of a Road: sin  
x
v2
(2) Tilting angle of a vehicle due to banking: tan  
rg
(3) Condition to take the turn safely using friction: vsafe  s rg

Dhaka Board 2022

A bus of mass 1000kg is moving with the kinetic energy of 75000J. Suddenly, it encounters a bend of the road of
radius 100 m while moving. The width and the difference of height of the two ends of the road are 10m and 0.2 m
respectively.
(c) Determine the momentum of the bus.
(d) Will the bus be able to cross the bend of the road safely without slowing down? Explain mathematically.

Mymensingh Board 2022

A train derailed and overturned while taking a turns of radius 328 m when its velocity is 60 kmh -1. Distance between
the rail path is 1m in the accident place and the outside path is 7 cm high compare to the inside path.
(c) Determine the banking angle of that place.
(d) What is the cause for rail accident? Explain mathematically.

Dhaka Board 2021

The breadth of a road is 4m and at a certain place the radius of turning is 100m. The difference of height of both the
sides of the road is 0.5m. A vehicle was moving with a velocity 60 kmh-1 before crossing the turning.
(c) Determine the angle of banking of the road at the place of turning?
(d) According to the stem whether will the vehicle be able to move safely or not? Give your opinion with
mathematical analysis.

Cumilla Board 2021

A car of mass 1400kg is taking turn on a road of 20m width. The outer end of the road is 0.75m higher than the inner
end. Radius of the track is 100m. The passengers request the driver to drive the car at the velocity 8ms -1.
(c) Calculate the reactive force acting on the car on the road.
(d) Verify whether the driver can comply with the request of the passengers.

Jashore Board 2021

The radius of a curved road is 115m. At that place, the width of the road is 5m and the height of inner part of the road
2
than that of outer part is 0.4m. The coefficient of friction is 0.2 and acceleration due to gravity is g  9.8ms .
(c) Find the angle of banking of the road.
(d) If there is no banking in that place, what is the maximum speed that can be safely turn that place? Justify it
mathematically.
Page 2 of 10 HSC BASIC PHYSICS BY Rafiqul Islam Parvez, Lecturer, Chattogram Cantonment Public College Mobile: 01738144717

Chattogram Board 2021

There are both meter gauge and broad gauge railways at the bend of a railway line of radius 500m. The distance
between the two lines of the meter gauge railways is 1meter. The outer line is 6cm higher than the inner line. The
distance between the two lines of the broad gauge railways is 1.3m, the outer line is 11 cm higher than the inner line.
(c) Determine the banking angle of the meter gauge rail line of the stem.
(d) What kind of line will the train be able to cross quickly and safely at the bend of the stem? Analyze
mathematically.

Sylhet Board 2021

A meter gauge rail track and a broad gauge rail track have separating distance 0.8m and 1.3m respectively between
their two rail lines. The difference in height between their lines are 7.00 cm and 11.37 cm respectively a the place
where the radius of the track is 500m.
(c) What is the angle of banking of the first line?
(d) On which line a rail will be able to take the turn with more velocity? Give your opinion with mathematical
analysis.

Dinajpur Board 2021

In the figure below, it is shown that a bus of mass 1000 kg moving with 78125J of kinetic energy, suddenly faces a
2
track of radius 145m. g  9.8ms

(c) Calculate the momentum of the bus.

(d) Will the bus be able to cross the track in the stem safely? Give your opinion with mathematical analysis.

Mymensingh Board 2021

The width of the road is 16 m. The difference between outer edge and inner edge is 60 cm and diameter is 300m. A
board shows maximum velocity 50 kmh-1 that fixed up at the curved point.
(c) Determine the banking angle of the road.
(d) Analyze mathematically the justification the maximum velocity that shows in the road side board.

D.B.2019 When the wheel is damaged of a car, the car driver while changing the wheel, he applied
  
F  (8 i  5 j  5 k ) N force on the jack-screw by the range and the distance between the acting point to axis of
  
rotation is r  ( i  j  k )m . The mass of the car is 2000kg. At that place the radius of the turn of the road is 5m and
width of the road is 3m. The maximum road friction is 40 Nkg-1. [Actually maximum friction will be 9.8 Nkg-1].
(c) Find the torque while the screw is rotating.
(d) How much higher the outer side than inner side of the road while the car can safely take the turn with maximum
possible velocity? Analyze mathematically.

C.B.2019 A bus of mass 1000 kg is moving with kinetic energy 78125 J on a road and suddenly faced a turn which
radius of curvature is 145 m, shown in the figure below:

(c) Find the momentum of the bus.

(d) Will the bus able to take the turn safely without reducing velocity? Analyze mathematically.

Dhaka, Dinajpur, Sylhet and Joshore 2018: Apu can ride his bicycle around a circular field of radius 20 m safely
when he is inclined to the center of the field with an angle up to the maximum value of 300. He was riding at 20 kmh-1.
(c) How many times are needed to move around the field in crossing the circular path of 5 km?
Page 3 of 10 HSC BASIC PHYSICS BY Rafiqul Islam Parvez, Lecturer, Chattogram Cantonment Public College Mobile: 01738144717

(d) Apu will be able to cross the path safely at a double speed as mentioned in the stem. Justify.

Rajshahi 2017: Radius of the turn of a road is 50 m and difference of height of both the sides of the road is 0.5 m and
width of the road is 5 m.
c. What is the actual banking angle of the road?
d. Whether it is possible to move a car safely with a velocity 108 kmh -1 on the road of the stem or not – verify
mathematically.

S.B.2017 The distance between two plates of a meter gauge and a broad gauge rail lines are respectively 0.8 m and 1.3
m. Where the radius of the turn is 500m, the difference in height between their lines are 7 cm and 11.37 cm
respectively.
(c) What is the angle of banking of first line?
(d) On which line a rail will be able to take the turn with more velocity? Opine mathematically.

Ctg.B. 2016:The radius of a turning point of a road is 100 m. While turning the road the velocity of the bus was 30
kmh-1 and fall down in lake.

(c) Find the angle of banking of the road mentioned in the stem.
(d) Analyze mathematically the reason of fall down of the bus inside the lake.

S.B.2016:The outer side of a road of 1m breadth is higher than inner side. A driver saw a warning signboard at the
side of the road where written as 60 kmh-1 in circular turn of the road of radius 200m. Velocity of the car was 50 kmh-1
at that time.
(c) Find the angle of banking.
(d) Is it possible for the driver to drive safely the turn according the velocity mentioned in the stem? Opine
mathematically.

Topic#03: Tension on Thread and Centripetal force of a Rotating Body

v2
Centripetal Acceleration: ac    2r
r
mv 2
Centripetal Force or Tension: Fc   m 2 r
r
Tension of thread of a rotating body in vertical plane:
mv 2
(1) Tension at any point of the circular path: T   mg cos 
r
(2) Critical Velocity at the top of circular path: vc  rg
(3) Velocity of the body at the bottom of circular path: vL  5rg

Cumilla Board 2022

Mass of two spheres P and Q are respectively 0.025 kg and 0.05 kg. Both the spheres are suspended with threads
separately and are rotated horizontally in a circular path of radius 0.909 m and 0.709 m respectively. The maximum
tension force the thread can tolerate is 0.275N.
(c) Calculate the angular momentum of sphere P.
(d) Mathematically explain, thread of which sphere between P and Q will tear apart while rotating.

Mymensingh Board 2021

A body is tied with a thread of mass 500 g that rotates in a circular path of diameter 60 cm with uniform velocity 5 ms -
2
1
in vertical plane. g  9.8ms
(c) Determine the centrifugal force that act on the body.
(d) Analyze mathematically the tension on the thread at position 30 and 90 with +X-axis.
Page 4 of 10 HSC BASIC PHYSICS BY Rafiqul Islam Parvez, Lecturer, Chattogram Cantonment Public College Mobile: 01738144717

Sylhet Board 2022

Observe the following stem:

A piece of stone weighing 100 gm is being rotated at a speed of 4 ms -1 vertically in a circular path of 1m radius as per
the above figure.
(c) Determine the time period of the rotating object.
(d) At which point the tension of the thread will be maximum among the points A, B and C of the stem? Evaluate with
mathematical analysis.

Ctg.B.2019 Rahim tied a body of mass 200 g to one end of a string of length 80 cm and made 90 rotations per minute
by holding another end. On the other hand Karim tied a body of mass 150 g to one end of a string of length 60 cm and
made 120 rotations per minute in the same way.
(c) Find the angular momentum of the body rotated by Rahim.
(d) Did Rahim and Karim get equal tension of string in the above cases of the stem? Explain it mathematically.

Ctg.B.2015: In a circus party one performer is rotating a sphere of mass 5kg in a circular path with a rope of 2m long
at 1.5 m above the horizontal plane. The sphere rotates 20 times per minute. At the time of rotating all of a sudden the
rope tears apart.
(c) What is the force feels by the revolving sphere towards the center?
(d) What is the distance from the performer to audience row so that the sphere will not hit any audience? Explain with
mathematical analysis.

B.B.2015:A circus player is rotating a body by a thread of length 90 cm over his head in vertical plane 100 revolutions
per minute. All of a sudden one-third of the body put off. By this, not being frightened to keep the revolution per
minute be same, the player increased the length of the thread as required.
(c) Find the centripetal force before reducing mass of the body.
(d) How the circus player changed the length of the thread justify its correctness with mathematical analysis.

Topic#04: Collision

Chattogram Board 2022

A large vehicle of mass 1800 kg is moving at a speed of 72 kmh -1 hits in front of a small vehicle of mass 1000 kg
parked from behind. After the collision, two vehicles move together and stopped after covering 60 m . A science
student Mahi, who was standing on the side of the road, observed the accident and said that it was an inelastic
collision.
(c) Determine the value of the restoring force that was act to stop two cars in the stem.
(d) Verify the authenticity of Mahi’s comment through mathematical analysis.

B.B.2019 Two bodies of masses 5 kg and 7 kg are moving opposite to each other with velocities 5 ms -1 and 6 ms-1,
after collision the two bodies are combined together and start moving in a definite direction.
(c) Find the final velocity of two bodies of the stem.
(d) The collision of two bodies of the stem is elastic or inelastic? Analyze it mathematically.

R.B2016

(c) Find the reaction force F1 from the stem.

(d) Whether the collision of the stem will be elastic or inelastic? Analyze mathematically.

J.B.2017A marble of mass 30 g directly hits a stationary marble with velocity 10 ms -1. After collision 75% of its
velocity has been lost and the stationary marble gained velocity of 9ms-1. It then hits a clay wall 3m apart from its
stationary position. The resistive force of the wall is 3N. avoid air resistance.
(c) Determine the mass of stationary marble.
(d) Whether the marble can penetrate the clay wall or not – analyze mathematically.
Page 5 of 10 HSC BASIC PHYSICS BY Rafiqul Islam Parvez, Lecturer, Chattogram Cantonment Public College Mobile: 01738144717

Topic#05: Torque, Angular momentum and Rotational Kinetic energy and Angular velocity and Displacement
Torque: (1)   r  F (2)   rF sin  (3)   I
Angular momentum: (1) L  r  P (2) L  rP sin  (3) L  I
1 2
Kinetic energy of a rotating body: K  I
2
2N 2
Angular velocity: (1)    2f 
t T
Angular Displacement: (1)   t  2N
1 2
Circular Motion: (1)   0  t (2) 2  02  2 (3)   0t  t
2

Rajshahi Board 2022

A heavy wheel of mass is 40 kg and moment of inertia is 4000 kgm 2. The wheel is rotating 100 revolutions per
minute. Mr. Rahman applied 300 Nm of restraint torque to stop the wheel in 2 minutes.
(c) Determine rotational kinetic energy of the wheel in stem.
(d) Will Mr. Rahman be able to stop the wheel at the specified time mentioned in the stem? Give your opinion with
mathematical analysis.

Dinajpur Board 2022

A man is revolving an object of mass 300 gm with an angular speed of 60 times per minute in a horizontal plane by 70
cm long string. Suddenly, one-third portion of the object is detached. As a result without being frightened he decreases
the length of string by 10 cm and increases the number of revolution by 10. He revolves the rest part of the object.
(c) Determine the angular momentum of the object at the initial stage.
(d) How to change the tension applied on the string in case at the changed condition? Explain it with mathematical
analysis.

Rajshahi Board 2021

Arifa of mass 40 kg is moving around a perpendicular axis by merry go round (Nagordula) horizontally in a
frictionless plane. The diameter of the circular path is 25m. The number of revolution per minute is 10. Arifa is
coming closer to its center gradually and at an instant of time she reaches 6m apart from its center.
(c) What will be the linear speed of Arifa at the end of the merry go round (Nagordula)?
(d) If Arifa comes from end to center her, will any change in angular momentum occur or not-explain mathematically.

Cumilla Board 2021

A wheel of 5 kg mass and 30 cm radius rotates 60 times per minute. A torque of 0.45 Nm is applied to the wheel to
stop within 5 seconds.
(c) Determine angular momentum of the wheel.
(d) Verify whether it is possible to stop the wheel within time according to stem.

Dinajpur Board 2021

The mass of a heavy wheel is 40 kg and the moment of inertia is 4000 kgm 2. The wheel completes 120 revolutions per
minute. A man applied a resisting torque of 400 Nm to stop the rotation of the wheel in 1.5 minutes.
(c) Determine the angular momentum of the wheel.
(d) Explain mathematically whether the person will be able to stop the wheel within the time mentioned in the stem.

B.B.2017A dancer of mass 60 kg could make 20 rotations per minute expanding his/her two hands. He/she is trying to
synchronize with music. To synchronize with music the dancer should rotate 30 times per minute.
(c) Compare the moment of inertia in both cases.
(d) Whether the kinetic energy of the dancer will be double or not in the changed rotation? Opine with mathematical
analysis.

Din.B.2017: Nayan is revolving a stone of 25 g in a circular path with a thread of 1m length. The stone is moving 5
cycles per second. The length of the thread is made double keeping rotation of the stone constant. The thread can bear
maximum 40 N.
(c) Find the angular momentum of the stone in the first case.
Page 6 of 10 HSC BASIC PHYSICS BY Rafiqul Islam Parvez, Lecturer, Chattogram Cantonment Public College Mobile: 01738144717

(d) Whether Nayan will be able to or not to rotate the stone with same velocity making double the length of the thread.
Verify mathematically.

C.B.2017Two electric fans of diameters 142 cm and 122 cm are made. First one revolves 150 times per minute and
the second one revolves 180 times per minute. After 2s of switching off both fans are stopped.
(c) Find the centripetal force of first fan at the end point.
(d) After switching off, whether both the fans had completed or not equal number of rotations before it stopped –
justify.
     
Dinajpur 2016: The mass of the body at point R is m = 2 kg. r  ( i  2 j  bk )m v  (2 i  4 j  2k )ms 1
P = Momentum

c. If b=2 find the angular momentum of the body.

C.B.2016:Ratan is rotating an object of mass 0.1 kg by fastening with a wire of length 0.5 m and he assumes his
number of rotations 600 r.p.m. Given area of cross-section, breaking – stress and Young’s modulus of the material of
6 2
the wire are respectively 10 m ,4.8 10 Nm and 2 1011 Nm 2 .
2 7

c. Find the increased length of the wire if it is hung with the object?
(d) Justify Ratan’s assumption about the number of rotations with mathematical analysis.

J.B.2016: A body of mass 8 kg is being rotated with the angular velocity 2 rads -1 around a definite axis by a rope of
length 0.2m.
(c) Find the angular momentum of the rotated body.
(d) What will be the change of the torque if mass of the body becomes half? Explain with mathematical analysis.

Din.B 2015:Look the diagram. This is a stone. A cyclist drives by-cycle on it. The radius of wheel of the cycle is
     
r  (4 i  6 j  12 k )m and force is F  (2 i  3 j  5 k ) N .

(c) What is torque of the cyclist?

(d) Describe the feelings of the cyclist on the way DE, EG and GH

Topic#06: Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration

Moment of inertia: I   mr  Mr
2 2

Radius of Gyration: If total mass of a body is concentrated at a point so that moment of inertia of the body will
be same then the perpendicular distance of the point from rotational axis is called radius of gyration.

Perpendicular Axis Theorem: The sum of moment of inertia of a plane lamina about two mutually perpendicular
axes lying in its plane is equal to its moment of inertia about an axis perpendicular to the plane of lamina and passing
through the point of intersection of first two axes.
Parallel Axis Theorem: Moment of inertia of a body about a given axis is equal to the sum of moment of inertia of
the body about an axis parallel to given axis passing through centre of mass of the body and product of mass of the
body and square of the distance between two parallel axes.
Parallel axis theorem: I  I G  Mh
2

Perpendicular axis theorem: I z  I x  I y

Page 7 of 10 HSC BASIC PHYSICS BY Rafiqul Islam Parvez, Lecturer, Chattogram Cantonment Public College Mobile: 01738144717

1. Moment of Inertia of a circular ring about an axis passing through the center and perpendicular to it:
I  Mr 2

2. Moment of Inertia of a circular disc about an axis passing through ………… and perpendicular to plane:
Mr 2
(a) About an axis passing through the center: I 
2
Mr 2
(b) About any diameter: I 
4
3Mr 2
(c) About a tangent perpendicular to its plane: I 
2

3. Moment of inertia of uniform solid cylinder about an axis passing through the center and perpendicular to
Mr 2
plane: I 
2

4. Moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod about an axis passing through …………… and perpendicular to
plane:
Ml 2
(a) The mid-point: I 
12
Ml 2
(b) The one end of the rod: I 
3
(c) Any point of the rod: I 
M 3 3
3l

l1  l2 
5. Moment of inertia of a rectangular lamina about an axis passing through the center and perpendicular to its
Ml 2 Mb 2
plane: I  
12 12

6. Moment of inertia of a sphere about an axis passing through the center and perpendicular to its plane:
2 Mr 2
(i) Hollow Sphere: I 
3
2 Mr 2
(ii) Solid Sphere: I 
5
Page 8 of 10 HSC BASIC PHYSICS BY Rafiqul Islam Parvez, Lecturer, Chattogram Cantonment Public College Mobile: 01738144717

Jashore Board 2022

The length of the narrow and uniform bar in the figure above is AB = 1 m and the mass is 2kg. The bar is rotating
around the axis PQ perpendicular to its length.
(c) Determine the moment of inertia of the bar of the stem.
(d) What change will occur in the radius of gyration if the axis of rotation of the bar is shifted from the midpoint O to
the endpoint A of the bar? Explain mathematically.

Dhaka Board 2021

The length and mass of a rectangular bar are respectively L=1m and M=0.5 kg.

(c) Determine the moment of inertia of the bar.

(d) Will there be any change of moment of inertia if the bar converts to a thin disc of diameter 1m? Analyze
mathematically.
Page 9 of 10 HSC BASIC PHYSICS BY Rafiqul Islam Parvez, Lecturer, Chattogram Cantonment Public College Mobile: 01738144717

Jashore Board 2021

In figure AB is a thin rod of mass 500 g. It is rotating 30 times per minute with respect to axis PQ. The axis PQ passes
through the midpoint of the thin rod perpendicularly with respect to its length.
(c) Find the value of angular momentum of this rod with respect to PQ.
(d) Give an opinion with mathematical analysis as to which the moment of inertia of the rod with respect the axis XY
or PQ will be greater.

Chattogram Board 2021

In the figure the weight of the cylindrical shaped bar is 5 kg and radius is 10cm. The bars of both the figures are
rotating with velocity of 1 rads-1 along the rotationally axis.
(c) Determine the angular momentum of the bar in the fig.1.
(d) Which bar has to face more obstacles to stop in the stem? Explain mathematically.

Barishal Board 2021

In figure 1 the axis AB is passing perpendicularly through the center of the disc and in figure 2 the axis PQ is passing
along the plane and through the diameter of the disc. The mass of each disc m=2kg and radius r=1m.

(c) Calculate the moment of inertia of the disc rotating about the axis AB.
(d) Will there be generated same rotation if equal torque is applied on two discs? Explain mathematically.
J.B.2019 The length and mass of two straight, thin rod of negligible area of cross-section are 1m, 0.707m and 10kg,
20kg respectively. Both rods are rotated about an axis by a motor about an axis perpendicular to their length and
passing through their centre of gravity with uniform angular velocity 300 rev per minute and 360 rev per minute
respectively. When the motor is shut down the first rod stops in 20s.
(c) Find the number of complete rotations by the first rod before it stops.
(d) Compare the angular kinetic energy of the two rods.
Page 10 of 10 HSC BASIC PHYSICS BY Rafiqul Islam Parvez, Lecturer, Chattogram Cantonment Public College Mobile: 01738144717

Din.B 2019 A uniform disc (figure-2) is made by a uniform bar (figure-1).

(c) Find the moment of inertia of figure-1 with respect to PQ axis.

(d) Will the moment of inertia be different or not if the circumference of the disc is equal to the length of the bar?
Analyze mathematically.

Chattogram, Cumilla, Rajshahi and Barishal 2018: In the figure, the mass of the rod is 3 kg and XY is the
rotational axis.

(c) What is the radius of gyration of the rod when it is rotated about axis XY.
(d) Whether it is easier to rotate the rod about axis XY or PQ? Explain mathematically.

S.B.2015:

(c) Find the torque of the rod PQ about rotating axis AB

(d) If the rotating axis AB is changed from end point to middle point, then in which case the moment of inertia will be
greater – explain mathematically.

Mixed Topic
J.B.2015:A bullet is fired with 750 ms-1 from a rifle. The length of the tube of the rifle is 0.6 m.
(c) What is the average acceleration of the bullet?
(d) If the bullet is a projectile then show that the distance traversed by the bullet will be same when the bullet is
projected with different angles.

Anupoma measured the moment of inertia of a narrow rod passing through the middle point of its axis having a length
of 0.6m and mass of 100gm. After that by melting it, she made a round thin disc having a radius of 6cm. Then she
rotated it with the same angular velocity with the perpendicular axis passing through the center of it.
(c) What is the moment of inertia Anupoma measured for that rod?
(d) In the above stem where the kinetic energy is most- through analysis give your opinion.

Jholok hung a 200g mass on a string of 100N tension take able 100cm long wire and rotated it perpendicular to the
ground. The mass started to rotate from rest and after 3 min, it gained 120 rotations per minute.
(c) Find the torque of the mass mentioned in the stem.
(d) Can Jholok spin the mass twice as fast as he did before? Explain your answer with mathematical logic.

A disc of mass 500 gm and 6m radius rotating with 2 rads-1 uniform angular velocity about an axis perpendicular to its
plane passing through the center at peak point. Suddenly the disc detached from its axis moving with velocity 200
cms-1 and collides with another body of mass 100 gm with velocity 100 cms-1 which comes from opposite direction.
After collision they combine with each other.
(c) Determine the rotational kinetic energy with respect to the axis of the rotational disc mentioned in the stem
(d) If the collision mentioned in the stem is elastic and after collision the bodies are not attached together then is it
possible to determine the different velocities of the bodies? Give mathematical analysis.