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OOPS Extended Notes

The document provides handwritten notes on Object-Oriented Programming (OOPS), covering key concepts such as variables, control structures, arrays, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, constructors, destructors, and operator overloading. Each section includes definitions, example programs, and explanations of the code. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide to understanding the fundamentals of OOPS in programming.

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ARASAN M
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15 views5 pages

OOPS Extended Notes

The document provides handwritten notes on Object-Oriented Programming (OOPS), covering key concepts such as variables, control structures, arrays, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, constructors, destructors, and operator overloading. Each section includes definitions, example programs, and explanations of the code. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide to understanding the fundamentals of OOPS in programming.

Uploaded by

ARASAN M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object-Oriented Programming (OOPS) - Handwritten Notes

1. Variables, Data Types, Constants, Operators

### Definition:
Variables are named storage locations in memory. Data types define what type of data a variable can hold.
Constants have fixed values that do not change. Operators perform operations on variables.

### Example Program:


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 10; // Integer variable
const float pi = 3.14; // Constant
int sum = a + 5; // Arithmetic operation
cout << "Sum: " << sum;
return 0;
}

### Explanation:
1. 'int a' declares an integer variable.
2. 'const float pi' creates a constant floating-point variable.
3. 'sum = a + 5' performs an addition.
4. 'cout' displays the result.

2. Control Structures and Functions

### Definition:
Control structures manage the flow of execution (if-else, loops). Functions modularize code for reuse.

### Example Program:


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void greet() {
cout << "Hello, World!";
}
int main() {
greet(); // Function call
return 0;
}

### Explanation:
1. 'void greet()' defines a function.
2. 'cout' prints text.
3. 'greet()' is called inside main().

3. Arrays and Pointers

### Definition:
Arrays store multiple values of the same type. Pointers store memory addresses.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOPS) - Handwritten Notes

### Example Program:


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int arr[3] = {1, 2, 3}; // Array declaration
int* ptr = arr; // Pointer stores array address
cout << "First element: " << *ptr;
return 0;
}

### Explanation:
1. 'arr[3]' creates an array.
2. 'ptr = arr' assigns array address to pointer.
3. '*ptr' accesses first element.

4. Classes and Objects

### Definition:
A class is a blueprint for objects. An object is an instance of a class.

### Example Program:


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Car {
public:
string brand;
void show() { cout << "Car brand: " << brand; }
};
int main() {
Car myCar; // Object creation
myCar.brand = "Toyota"; // Assign value
myCar.show();
return 0;
}

### Explanation:
1. 'class Car' defines a class.
2. 'string brand' is a data member.
3. 'show()' is a method.
4. 'Car myCar' creates an object.
5. 'myCar.brand = "Toyota"' assigns value.
6. 'myCar.show()' calls method.

5. Inheritance

### Definition:
Inheritance allows a class to derive properties from another class.

### Example Program:


Object-Oriented Programming (OOPS) - Handwritten Notes

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle {
public:
int wheels;
};
class Car : public Vehicle {
public:
string brand;
};
int main() {
Car myCar;
myCar.wheels = 4;
myCar.brand = "BMW";
cout << "Car brand: " << myCar.brand << ", Wheels: " << myCar.wheels;
return 0;
}

### Explanation:
1. 'class Vehicle' is a base class.
2. 'class Car : public Vehicle' derives from Vehicle.
3. 'myCar.wheels' accesses inherited property.

6. Polymorphism

### Definition:
Polymorphism allows methods to have different implementations.

### Example Program:


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal {
public:
virtual void sound() { cout << "Animal sound"; }
};
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
void sound() override { cout << "Bark"; }
};
int main() {
Animal* a = new Dog();
a->sound();
return 0;
}

### Explanation:
1. 'virtual void sound()' enables polymorphism.
2. 'Dog::sound()' overrides base class function.
3. 'a->sound()' calls derived class method dynamically.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOPS) - Handwritten Notes

7. Constructor and Destructor

### Definition:
A constructor initializes objects. A destructor releases memory.

### Example Program:


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Car {
public:
Car() { cout << "Car created"; }
~Car() { cout << "Car destroyed"; }
};
int main() {
Car myCar;
return 0;
}

### Explanation:
1. 'Car()' is a constructor that runs automatically.
2. '~Car()' is a destructor that runs when object is destroyed.

8. Operator Overloading

### Definition:
Allows redefining the behavior of operators for objects.

### Example Program:


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex {
public:
int real, img;
Complex operator+(Complex c) {
Complex temp;
temp.real = real + c.real;
temp.img = img + c.img;
return temp;
}
};
int main() {
Complex c1 = {3, 2}, c2 = {1, 7};
Complex c3 = c1 + c2;
cout << "Sum: " << c3.real << " + " << c3.img << "i";
return 0;
}

### Explanation:
1. 'operator+' overloads '+'.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOPS) - Handwritten Notes

2. 'c1 + c2' invokes overloaded function.

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