High School Department

Skill-Building Activities in English 10

A.Y. 2023-2024
FOURTH QUARTER
Name of student: ____________________________ Year & Section: ________Date:_______ Score:
_________
Teachers: Lydia A. Sayon, M.A.Ed. & Francis
S. Cornito, M.A.Ed.
EL3: VERBALS
VERBALS - are words that are derived from verbs which may function as nouns, adjectives,
or adverbs.
3 TYPES OF VERBALS
1. GERUND 2. PARTICIPLE 3. INFINITIVE

1. GERUNDS – are words that look like verbs ending in -ing but function/act as NOUN in a
sentence.
The following examples show some of the ways gerunds may be used just nouns would be.
 Subject
- Sailing is my favorite sport.
- Hiking caused me to lose weight in only a month.
 Direct Object
- They make visiting a pleasure.
- I really love cooking.
 Indirect Object
- Mr. Mendoza’s lecture gave traveling a new dimension.
- Kuya Eddie gives painting a very special time.
 Predicate Nominative
- Walter’s most annoying habit is interrupting.
- The students’ favorite activity is researching.
 Object of Preposition
- Their well-behaved dog showed signs of training.
- All of the employees attended the seminar on budgeting.
 Appositive
- Brady’s profession, advertising, is very competitive.
- Sam now have made money from his hobby, singing.

GERUND PHRASES
- A gerund phrase is a gerund with modifiers or a compliment, all acting as a noun.
The following examples show just a few of the ways that gerunds may be
expanded into gerund phrases.
GERUND PHRASES
 With adjectives:
- His constant, angry frowning made wrinkles in his face.
 With an adjective phrase:
- Arguing about grades will get you nowhere.
 With an adverb:
- Answering quickly is not always a good idea.
 With an adverb phrase:
- The park prohibits walking on the grass.
 With a direct object:
- Russel was incapable of recovering the ball.
 With indirect and direct objects:
- Mrs. Jeffries tries giving them praise.

2. PARTICIPLES – a participle is a form of a verb that can act as an ADJECTIVE.

2 KINDS OF PARTICIPLES
There are two kinds of participles. These two kinds of participles can be distinguished from
each other by their endings.
A. Present Participles – end in -ing (frightening, entertaining).
 B. Past Participles – usually end in -ed (frightened, entertained), but many irregular
endings such as -t or -en(burst, written).
Present Participles Past Participles

Limping, the hiker favored Confused, Nan returned to her

His aching ankle Interrupted work

 Notice that participles answer the adjectives questions What kind? Or Which one?
About the nouns or pronouns that they modify.
Examples: Irma’s shining eyes betrayed her excitement. (What kind of eyes?  shining eyes)
The shattered window needs replacement. (Which window?  the shattered
window)

 Note about BEING AND HAVING: The present participles of being and having may be
followed by a past participle.
Examples: Being informed, I knew what to expect.
Having decided, Adele acted quickly.

VERB OR PARTICIPLE OR GERUND?

It is easy to confuse a verb and a participle acting as an adjective since they
often share the endings -ing and -ed.
A verb shows an action, a condition, or the fact that something exists. A participle
acting as an adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun and gerund functions as a noun.
The following chart shows words used first as verbs – words tell what someone or something
does or did; as participles, however, the same words describes someone or something; and
gerund

VERBS PARTICIPLES GERUNDS

1. The dog is snarling at 1. The snarling dog 1. Snarling is what the dog
the plumber. attacked the plumber. habitually does to the
plumber.
(What is the dog doing?) (Which dog?) Snarling is the subject of
the sentence.
2. The singers delighted 2. Delighted, the audience
their audience. applauded.
(What did the singers do?) (What kind of audience?)

PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
Participles may be part of participial phrases.
A participial phrase is a participle modified by an adverb or adverb phrase or
accompanied by a compliment. The entire phrase acts as an adjective.
The following examples show different ways that participles may be expanded into phrases.

Examples: Jumping high, Brad hit his head on the ceiling.

The chemist, blinded by smoky fumes, stumbled.

Scanning the book, Ann spotted the answer.

In the first sentence above, the adverb, high, modifies the participle jumping. In the second
sentence, the adverb phrase – by smoky fumes – modifies blinded. In the third sentence,
scanning has a direct object which is the book.
3. INFINITIVES – an infinitive is a verbal that generally appears with the word to and acts as a
NOUN, ADJECTIVE, or ADVERB. It is written as to + base form of the verb –
e.g. to dance, to climb.

INFINITIVES USED AS NOUNS

 Subject:
- To understand requires maturity and acceptance.
 Direct Object:
- Working hard at her new job, Brenda hoped to succeed.
 Predicate Nominative:
- The hunter’s only defense against the bear was to run.
 Object of Preposition:
- With his muscles tensed, the inexperienced parachuter was about to jump.
 Appositive:
- You have only one choice, to go.

Unlike gerunds, infinitives can also be act as adjectives and adverbs.

INFINITIVES USED AS MODIFIERS

 Infinitive as an Adjective:
- The children showed a willingness to cooperate.

- No one can stop him from fulfilling his dream to go to Japan.

In the first sentence, the infinitive, to cooperate modifies the noun, willingness. In the
second sentence, to go to Japan describes the noun dream. These infinitives also answer “what
willingness? / what dream?”
 Infinitive as an Adverb:

- They struggled to resist.

- In this example, the infinitive – to resist – modifies the verb, struggled.

- My father works to build a better home for us.

- In this example, the infinitive – to build – answers the question, “why?” – making it an
adverb of reason.

- Some people are unable to adjust.

- In this example, the infinitive – to adjust – modifies the adjective, unable.

INFINITIVE PHRASES
Infinitives also can be joined with other words to form phrases.
An infinitive phrase is an inifinitive with modifiers, complements, or a subject,
all acting together as a single part of speech.
The following examples show just a few pf the ways infinitives can be expanded into phrases.
INFINITIVE PHRASES
 Infinitive with an adverb:
- Jeffrey’s entire family likes to rise early.
 Infinitive with adverb phrases:
- To skate on the ice without falling was not easy for him.
 Infinitive with a direct object:
- He hated to discuss emotions.
 Infinitive with indirect and direct objects:
- They promised to show us their slides.
 Infinitive with subject and complement:
- I would like her to determine her own goals.
A1. Directions: Underline the verbal you can find in each sentence. Then on the blank, write G if
it is a Gerund, IN – Infinitive, PAP – Past Participle, and PRP – Present
Participle.

_______1.I couldn't sleep so I tried drinking some hot milk.

_______2.Statistics reported by the National Education Association revealed that seventy
percent of American colleges offer remedial English classes emphasizing
composition.
_______3.She tried to reach the book on the high shelf, but she was too small.
_______4.Getting up at five, we got an early start.
_______5.They tried to get to the party on time but the bus was delayed.
_______6.The overloaded car gathered speed slowly.
_______7.You should stop smoking. It's not good for your health.
_______8.We stopped studying because we were tired.
_______9.Starting out as an army officer, Karen's father was frequently transferred.
_______10. Mrs. Sears showing more bravery than wisdom invited thirty boys and girls to
a party.
_______11. They will stop to have lunch at twelve.
_______12. Gathering my courage, I asked for a temporary loan.

_______13. Oh no! I forgot to buy milk.

_______14. I regret telling Julie my secret; now she has told everyone.
_______15. Facing college standards, the students realized that they hadn't worked hard
enough in high school.
_______16. Economics is an expanding field of study.
_______17. We drove to the mall to buy our new surround sound system.
_______18. Breaking the light barrier is simply not possible.
_______19. The man sitting by the library door is waiting for his wife to finish her research.
_______20. She worked hard to finish the project.

A2. Directions: On the blank, write PP if the underlined word is Present Participle. If it is a
Gerund, write its function (S – Subject, DO – Direct Object, IO – Indirect
Object, AP – Appositive, OP – Object of Preposition, and PN – Predicate
Nominative).

_______1. I was irritated by Bill's constant interrupting.

_______2. I was irritated by Bill, constantly interrupting.
_______3. The club made painting the mural their top priority.
_______4. Babysitting young children can be exhausting for many people.
_______5. The dancing lady attracted the guests’ attention.
_______6. My father’s favorite pastime is carving wood figures.
_______7. When Dan gets bored, he goes fishing.
_______8.
They always avoid drinking before driving.
_______9.
_______10. I felt my heart pumping vigorously.
_______11. Joan was punished for cheating in the National Examination.
_______12. His favorite sport, swimming, has brought him to the Olympics.
_______13. The team practiced running last Friday.
_______14. The gymnasts always give practicing their routines the most time everyday.
_______15. Performing onstage right now is the Popstar Royalty, Sarah Geronimo.
_______16. After reading the newspaper story, Josephine immediately called to
volunteer.
_______17. Four people watched the young acrobat teetering across the tightrope.
_______18. A major part of the Secret Service's job is protecting the President.
_______19. Listening for the familiar "clicks" , Jack fanned the Geiger counter over the
field.
_______20. Ernie's problem, being late for just about every appointment, resulted in his
suspension at work.