rammar

in Use
Intermediate
Self-study reference and practice for
students of North American English

Fourth Edition

Raymond Murphy
with William R. Smalzer
and Joseph Chapple

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� UNIVERSITY PRESS
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 Sarah is in her car. She is on her way co work.
She's driving co work. ( = She is driving ... )
This means: she is driving now, at the time of speaking.
The action is not finished.
am/is/are + -ing is the present continuous:
am (== I'm) driving
he/she/it is ( = he's, etc.) working
we/you/they are ( = we're, etc.) doing, etc.

I am doing something= I started doing it, and I haven't finished. I'm in the middle of doing it.
0 Please don't make so much noise. I'm trying to work. (not I try)
0 "Where's Mark?'' "He's taking a shower." (not He takes a shower)
0 Let's go out now. It isn't raining anymore .. (not It doesn't rain)
0 How's your new job? Are you enjoying it?
0 What's all that noise? What's going on? or What's happening?
Sometimes the action is not happening at the time of speaking. For example:

Steve is talking co a friend on the phone. He says:

I'm reading a really good book right now.
It's about a man who ...

Steve says "I'm reading ..." but he is not reading the book at the time
of speaking.
He means that he has started reading the book but has not finished
it yet. He is in the middle of reading it.

Some more examples:

0 Kate wanes to work in Italy, so she's learning Italian.
(but perhaps she isn't learning Italian at the time of speaking)
0 Some friends of mine are building their own house. They hope to finish it next summer.

You can use the present continuous with today, this week, this year, etc. (periods around now):
0 A: You're working hard today. (not You work hard today)
a: Yes, I have a lot co do.
0 The company I work for isn't doing so well this year.
We use the present continuous when we talk about a change that has started co happen. We often use
these verbs in this way:
getting changing increasing rising starting
becoming improving growing falling beginning
0 Is your English getting better? (not Does your English get better)
0 The population of the world is increasing very fast. (not increases)
0 At first I didn't like my job, but I'm starting co enjoy it now. (not I start)

2 Present Continuous and Simple Present-+ Units 3-4 Present Tenses with a Future Meaning-+ Unit 18
Exercises
- What's happening in the pictures? Choose from these verbs:
(cross hide scratch -take- tie wave

1 .... ;?.h!?.'.!?.Ji·g�_ing.. .. a picture. 4 .................... .... ............................ ...... his head.

2 He....... . . .......... .... ... his shoelaces. 5 . . .. behind a tree.
3 ........................ . ............... .. .. . ...... the road. 6 ..... co somebody.

ID The sentences on the right follow those on the left. Which sentence goes with which?

1 Please don't make so much noise. a I'm getting hungry. 1 f

2 We need co leave soon. b They're lying. 2
3 I don't have anywhere co live right now. C It's starting co rain. 3
4 I need co eat something soon. d They're crying co sell it. 4
5 They don't need their car anymore. e It's getting lace. 5
6 Things are not so good at work. f I'm crying to 'Nork. 6 ....................

7 What they say isn't true. g I'm staying with friends. 7 ....................

8 We're going co get wee. h The company is losing money. 8

Ill Write questions. Use the present continuous.

1 What's all chat noise? . .Whgt.';3.h0pp�n.ir.1g?. .. (what/ happen?)
2 What's the matter? ...................... . . .. .. .. . ... .... ................. . (why/ you/ cry?)
3 Where's your mother? .................................. .............. ... .. .... .... . .. .. . ... ....... ......... ..... .. (she/ work/ today?)
4 I haven't seen you in ages. ... ... . .... .. ... ..................... ....... .................................... (what/ you/ do/ these days?)
5 Amy is a student... ................ . ....... ..................... ............ .. .... . .. (what/ she/ study?)
6 Who are those people? ............................... ........................................................... (what/ they/ do?)
7 I heard you started a new job. ............. . . ................ . . ... .......... (you/ enjoy / it?)
8 We're not in a hurry. .. .. ...... ...... (why/ you/ walk/ so fast?)

- Put the verb into the correct form, affirmative (I'm doing, etc.) or negative (I'm not doing, etc.).
1 Please don't make so much noise.... .Jm t.r.y!ng . ... (I / cry) co work.
2 Let's go out now. . . lt.)$tJJ.. rn.inin.0.. . (it/ rain) anymore.
3 You can turn off the music................................................................. ... ..... .......... (I/ listen) co it.
4 Kate called last night. She's on a trip with friends...................................................... ............................... (She/ have)
a great time and doesn't wane co come back.
5 Andrew started evening classes recently... .. (He/ learn) Japanese.
6 Jason and Sarah have had an argument and now. ............. . .. ..... (they/ speak)
co each other.
7 The situation is already very bad, and now.... .. ......... ....... . ................. .................... (it/ gee) worse.
8 Tim.................................... . . ................................... (work) today. He's taken the day off.
9 ... ... ............................... .. ...... (I / look) for Allison. Do you know where she is?
10 The washing machine has been repaired........ .. ..... ..................................................................... (It/ work) now.
11 ............ .......................... ........ (They/ build) a new hospital. It will be finished next year.
12 Ben is a student, but he's not very happy ....................................................................................... (He/ enjoy) his courses.
13 . ..... .................. ...................... ........... ... .............. ......................... . .......................... (The weather/ change). I chink it's going co rain.
14 Dan has been in the same job for a long time. ...... ........ ............ .......... .... . .................. . (He/ stare) co gee
bored with it.

3
 Alex is a bus driver, but now he is asleep in bed.
He is not driving a bus. (He is asleep.)
but He drives a bus. (He is a bus driver.)
drive(s), work(s), do(es), etc., is the simple present:
I/we/you/they drive/work/do, etc.
he/she/it drives/works/does, etc.

We use the simple present co talk about things in general. We use it co say chat something
happens all the time or repeatedly, or chat something is true in general:
0 Nurses take care of patients in hospitals.
0 I usually leave for work at 8 a.m.
0 The earth goes around the sun.
0 The coffee shop opens at 7:30 in the morning.
We say:
I work but he works you go but it goes
they teach but my sister teaches I have but he has

-------- ---- ---

For spelling (-s or -es), see Appendix 6.

We use do/does co make questions and negative sentences:

work? work
do I/we/you/they I/we/you/they don't
drive? drive
does he/she/it he/she/it doesn't
do? do
0 I come from Japan. Where do you come from?
0 I don't travel a lot.
0 What does chis word mean? (not What means this word?)
0 Rice doesn't grow in cold climates.
In the following examples, do is also the main verb (do you do / doesn't do, etc.):
0 "What do you do?" "I work in a score."
0 He's always so lazy. He doesn't do anything co help us.
We use the simple present to say how often we do things:
0 I get up at 8:00 every morning.
0 How often do you go to the dentist?
0 Julia doesn't drink coffee very often.
0 Michael usually plays tennis two or three times a week .

I promise / I apologize, etc.

Sometimes we do things by saying something. For example, when you promise to do something,
you can say "I promise ... "; when you suggest something, you can say "I suggest ...":
0 I promise I won't be late.
0 "What do you suggest I do?" "I suggest chat you ... "
In the same way we say: I agree ... / I advise ... / I insist ... / I refuse ... / I suppose ... , etc.

4 (Simple Present and Present Continuous-+ Units 3-4 Present Tenses with a Future Meaning-+ Unit 18 )
Exercises
- Complete the sentences using the following verbs:
---------
�use(s) close(s) connect(s) go(es) live(s) speak(s)
- ---- ---

1 Tanya . s.,p.�gK!? ... German very well. 5 My parents.. ...... in a very small
2 Ben and Jack ·-····· .. . . ...... to the same apartment.
school. 6 The Olympics . .. ...... ..... place
3 Bad driving........... . ..... .............. many accidents. every four years.
4 The museum.. . . . ....... at 4:00 on 7 The Panama Canal.. . .. ..... the
Sundays. Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
- Put the verb into the correct form.
1 Julia ... 09.�§.n'.t4r.in.t .... (not/ drink) coffee very often.
2 What time... . ................... (the banks/ close) here?
3 I have a car, but I.. . ..... .. (not/ use) it very much.
4 Where... .. ........................................... (Maria/ come) from? Is she Colombian?
5 "What... . . . . . . .. ... . ....... ......... ................................... (you/ do)?" "I'm an electrician:'
6 Look at chis sentence. What.. .. .................. (this word/ mean)?
7 David isn't in very good shape. He... .. ......... (not/ get) any exercise.
8 It .. .. . .. .. .. .................................... (take) me an hour to get to work in the morning. How long
............. ........................................................................ (it/ take) you?
- Complete the sentenc:s using these verb: �ometim� you need the n�gative.
-
believe eat flow -ge- -gFeW- make rise tell translate
1 The earth gQl?..5-> around the sun. 7 An interpreter
. from one language into another.
2 Rice. c;lq��n' t.gmw . in cold climates.
3 The sun. . . ............ ............. in the ease. 8 Liars are people who...
4 Bees . . .. ..... ...... ... . . ..... . . . . . honey. the truth.
S Vegetarians .............. meat. 9 The Amazon River.....
6 An atheist... ..... ..... .... ...... . . in God. into the Atlantic Ocean.
- You ask Emily questions about herself and her family. Write the questions.
1 You know that Emily plays tennis. You want to know how often. Ask her.
How often. . c;lqyqµp_lgy�nnJ� .?
2 Perhaps Emily's sister plays tennis too. You want to know.Ask Emily.
...... your sister 7

3 You know that Emily goes to the movies a lot. You want to know how often. Ask her.
.............................•

4 You know that Emily's brother works. You want to know what he does. Ask Emily.
.......................7

5 You're not sure if Emily speaks Spanish. You want to know. Ask her.
7

6 You don't know where Emily's grandparents live. You want to know. Ask Emily.
7

- Complete u sin�_!he fo�lo��n�:

_
I agree I apologize I insist
--- I promise I recommend I suggest
1 Mr.Evans is not in the office today....... 1 ?.!J.g_g�.5.>:t.... .. you cry calling him tomorrow.
2 I won't cell anybody what you said.
3 (in a restaurant) You must let me pay for the meal. ..............
4 ................................................................ for what I said. I shouldn't have said it.
S The new restaurant on Lake Street is very good.. ... ... .. . . .............. ............................ it.
6 I think you're absolutely right.. .... . . ..... ...... . ...... with you.
b
;J; :=1 5
c»
 Compare:
Present continuous (I amdoing) Simple present (I do)
We use the continuous for things happening at We use the simple for things in general or
or around the time of speaking. things chat happen repeatedly.
The action is not complete.

l amdoing --------ldo-------
past now future past now future

0 The water is boiling. Be careful. 0 Water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.

O Listen co chose people. What language 0 Excuse me,do you speak English?
are they speaking?
0 Lee's go out. le isn't raining now. O ledoesn't rain very much in the summer.
0 "I'm busy." "What are youdoing?" 0 Whatdo you usuallydo on weekends?
O I'm getting hungry. Lee's go and eat. 0 I always get hungry in the afternoon.
0 Kate wanes co work in Italy, so she's 0 Mose people learn co swim when they
learning Italian. are children.
0 The population of the world is 0 Every day the population of the world
increasing very fast. increases by about 200,000 people.
We use the continuous for temporary situations We use the simple for permanent situations
(things chat continue for a shore time): (things chat continue for a long time):
0 I'm living with some friends until I find a 0 My parents live in Vancouver. They
place of my own. have lived there their whole lives.
0 A: You're working hard today. 0 Joe isn't lazy. He works hard most of
B: Yes, I have a loc co do. the time.
See Unit 1 for more information. See Unit 2 for more information.

I alwaysdo and I'm alwaysdoing

I alwaysdo something = I do it every time:
0 I always go co work by car. (not I'm always going)
I'm alwaysdoing something = I do it coo often or more often than normal. For example:

I lost my keys again. I'm always losing them.

I'm always losing them = I lose them coo often,

or more often than normal.

0 Eric is never satisfied. He's always complaining. (= he complains coo much)

0 You're always looking at your phone. Don't you have anything else to do?

6 Present Continuous and Simple Present 2 � Unit 4 Present Tenses with a Future Meaning� Unit 18
 We use continuous forms (I'm waiting. it's raining. etc.) for actions and events that have started but
haven't finished. Some verbs (for example, know and like) are not normally used in this way. We don't
say "I am knowing" or "they are liking." We say "I know" and "they like."
The following verbs are not normally used in the present continuous:
like want need prefer
know understand recognize
believe suppose remember mean
belong fit contain consist seem
0 I'm hungry. I want something to eat. (not I'm wanting)
0 Do you understand what I mean?
0 Anna doesn't seem very happy right now.

think
When think means "believe" or "have an opinion," we do not use the continuous:
0 I think Mary is Canadian, but I'm not sure. (not I'm thinking)
0 What do you think of my idea? (= what is your opinion?)
When think means "consider," the continuous is possible:
0 I'm thinking about what happened. I often think about it.
0 Nicky is thinking of giving up her job. (= she is considering it)

see hear smell taste look feel

We normally use the simple present (not the present continuous) with see/hear/smell/taste:
0 Do you see that man over there? (not are you seeing)
0 The room smells bad. Let's open a window.
0 This soup doesn't taste very good.
_ You can use the simple present or the present continuous to say how somebody looks or feels now:
0 You look well today. or You're looking well today.
0 How do you feel now? or How are you feeling now?
but
0 I usually feel tired in the morning. (not I'm usually feeling)

am/is/are being
You can say he's being ..., you're being ..., etc., to say how somebody is behaving now:
0 I can't understand why he's being so selfish. He isn't usually like that.
(being selfish = behaving selfishly now)
0 "The path is icy. Don't slip:' "Don't worry. I'm being very careful."
Compare:
0 He never thinks about other people. He's very selfish.
( = he is selfish generally, not only now)
0 I don't like to take risks. I'm a very careful person.
We use am/is/are being to say how a person is behaving ( = doing something they can control) now.
It is not usually possible in other situations:
0 Sam is sick. (not is being sick)
0 Are you tired? (not are you being tired)

Present Continuous and Simple Present 1 � Unit 3 have� Unit 16

8 Present Tenses with a Future Meaning� Unit 18
 Exercises
- Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or simple present.
1 Are you hungry? . . .. D.9.Y.QJJ.W.i?.nt..... . (you/ wane) something co eat?
2 Alan says he's 90 years old, but nobody ........................ .......................................... (believe) him.
3 She cold me her name, but ... ....... .. .................................. (I/ not/ remember) it now.
4 Don't put the dictionary away. ...... ..... .......... .... ............................ (I/ use) it.
5 Don't put the dictionary away. . ..... .... . ................. (I / need) it.
6 Air... ........................... ..... ............................ (consist) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
7 Who is that man? What................... ...................... ... . ... .. . ................... (he/ wane)?
8 Who is chat man? Why.................... ........................... ........... ,.... ...... . .. . ... (he/ look) at us?
9 Who is chat man? . . .. ... . ................. . .... ..... ..... . .............. ... .. ..... .. . . ...... (you/ recognize) him?
10 . ........ . ... . ......................... (I/ chink) of selling my car. Would you be interested in buying it?
11 I can't make up my mind. What........ . ... .......................... (you/ think) I should do?
12 Alex wasn't well earlier, but............................... .............. (he/ seem) OK now.
- Use the words in parentheses to make sentences.
f(D
Ar e you OK?
�:...If'!\ You look w orried.
(you I not/ seem/ very happy today)
......Y9µ..d9nl..;5.�!?.m..Y�r'Y.............. ................

�,
......hgppyt.qd,iW,....

-(w_ h_o_/_t-hi-s -um-br_e_lla_/_b_e_l o-ng_,ro?) 4

(these gloves / not/ fit/ me)

- Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary.

1 Michelle is thinking of giving up her job. ......OK.......... .......................... .........................................................
2 It's not true. I'm not believing it. ....1.don't.beJieve.it
3 I'm feeling hungry. Is there anything to eat?
4 I've never eaten that fruit. What is it casting like?
5 I'm not sure what she does. I chink she works in a score.
6 Look over there. What are you seeing?
7 You're very quiet. What are you thinking about?
- Complete the sentences. Use is/are being (continuous) or is/are (simple).
1 I can't understand why.. . . ht.'!?.P..?.ing...... so selfish. He isn't usually like that.
2 You'll like Andrea when you meet her. She........................................... ...... ................... very nice.
3 Sarah.. ............. .................................................... very nice to me right now. I wonder why.
4 They.... ....................... very happy. They just got married.
5 You're normally very patient, so why................. ......................... ........................ so unreasonable about waiting
ten more minutes?
6 Would you like something to eat? ....................... .... ........ .... hungry?

- ;J;;:��
9

- ----�---•-- • - ------------------- ----------

-
 Appendix 1
- List of irregular verbs
(* pronunciation)
Base Form Simple Past Past Participle Base Form Simple Past Past Participle
be was/were been light lit lit
beat beat beaten lose lost lost
become became become make made made
begin began begun mean meant meant
bend bent bent meet met met
bet bet bet pay paid paid
bite bit bitten put put put
blow blew blown quit quit quit
break broke broken read read [red]* read [red]*
bring brought brought ride rode ridden
broadcast broadcast broadcast ring rang rung
build built built rise rose risen
burst burst burst run ran run
buy bought bought say said said
catch caught caught see saw seen
choose chose chosen seek sought sought
come came come sell sold sold
cost cost cost send sent sent
creep crept crept set set set
cut cut cut sew sewed sewn/sewed
deal dealt dealt shake shook shaken
dig dug dug shine shone shone
do did done shoot shot shot
draw drew drawn show showed shown/showed
drink drank drunk shrink shrank shrunk
drive drove driven shut shut shut
eat ate eaten sing sang sung
fall fell fallen sink sank sunk
feed fed fed sit sat sat
feel felt felt sleep slept slept
fight fought fought slide slid slid
find found found speak spoke spoken
fit fit fit spend spent spent
flee fled fled spit spat spat
fly flew flown SP-lit split split
forbid forbade forbidden spread spread spread
forget forgot forgotten spring sprang sprung
forgive forgave forgiven stand stood stood
freeze froze frozen steal stole stolen
get got gotten stick stuck stuck
give gave given sting stung stung
go went gone stink stank stunk
grow grew grown strike struck struck
hang hung hung swear swore sworn
have had had sweep swept swept
hear heard heard swim swam swum
hide hid hidden swing swung swung
hit hit hit take took taken
hold held held teach caught taught
hurt hurt hurt tear tore torn
keep kept kept tell told told
kneel knelt knelt think thought thought
know knew known throw threw thrown
lay laid laid understand understood understood
lead led led wake woke woken
left left wear wore worn
lent lent weeP. wept wept
let let win won won
lain write wrote written
287
 Additional Exercises

Use your own ideas to complete B's sentences.

1 A: What's Chicago like? Is it a good place to visit?
8: I have no idea. . J\:� n�Y.!;!r. .b.�.m:i. ........... .. . ......... . .. ... ...... ..... ...... .. .. . ....................... ........................... there.
2 A: How well do you know Ben?
8: Very well. We........ ................................................................. ................................. ........................... ................. since we were children.
3 A: Did you enjoy your vacation?
B: Yes, it was really good. Ir's the best vacation .... ................................................. .................................................................................. .
4 A: Is David still here?
8: No, I'm afraid he isn't. .. .. .................................. ................. .... ................. .............................................. about ten minutes ago.
5 A: I like your suit. I haven't seen it before.
a: It's new. It's the first time.............. ..................... ................................................................................................................................ .................... .
6 A: How did you cut your knee?
8: I slipped and fell when......................... ................................................................................ ............... . .................. ... ..... . ... tennis.
7 A: Do you ever go swimming?
8: Noc recently. I haven't... ................... .. . ... ... .............. .................. ... .......... ........... ....................................... a long time.
8 A: How often do you go to the movies?
8: Hardly ever. It's been almost a year.......... .
to the cinema.
9 A: I bought some new shoes. Do you like them?
8: Yes, they're very nice. Where. ........................ .................. ...................................................................... .................. them?

Units 1-16, 107, Appendix 2

Put the verb into the correct form: simple past {I did), past continuous {I was doing), past perfect
(I had done), or past perfect continuous (I had been doing).

Yesterday afternoon Sarah...... W.�11.t... . . (go) to the train station to meet Matt. When she
.... ... ............ ..... .... (get) there, Matt.............................................. ....................... .......................................... ..... (already/wait)
for her. His train ............................................................... .......... (arrive) early.

When I got home, Ben ...... .................. .... ............ .................. ........... (lie) on the sofa. The TV was on,
but he .......................... ....................... .................. .... ................. (not/watch) it. He.................................................................. ......... (fall)
asleep and............................................................................ (snore) loudly. 1 .......................................................................... (turn) the
TV off, and just then he............................................ ....................... ..... (wake) up.

298
 Additional Exercises

Lase night I ............................ .... ............................. (just/go) co bed and.... ...................... .......... .. ............................ .... (read)
a book when suddenly 1............ (hear) a noise. I..... .................... ..... . . ...... . ..... . .............
(gee) up co see what it was, but I ........................................ . ..... (not/see) anything, so I
...................... ............................... (go) back co bed.

Liz had co go to New York last week, but she almost . ... .. . . ......................... . (miss) the
plane. She ........ . . ......... . . . . . ... . ... ... ....... (stand) in line at the check-in desk when she
suddenly................ ..................................... ................... (realize) chat she................ . .... . . .... . . ....................... ...... (leave) her
passport at home. Fortunately, she lives near the airport, so she............................................................................ (have)
time co cake a taxi home to gee it. She....... ......... (gee) back to the airport
just in time for her Aighc.

1................. ......................................... ... (meet) Dan and Lucy yesterday as I.... .................................................
(walk) through the park. They... ............................. . ....... .... ......... (be) co the gym where they
................. .. ......................... (play) tennis. They... .. .... ......... ... . . ... . ...... ......... (go) to a coffee shop
and... .. ....................................... (invite) me to join chem, but I ......................
(arrange) to meet another friend and.............. . . ................ ..... (not/have) time.

- Make sentences from the words in parentheses. Put the verb into the correct form: present perfect
(I have done), present perfect continuous (I have been doing), past perfect (I had done), or past
perfect continuous (I had been doing).
1 Amanda is sitting on the ground. She's out of breach.
(she/ run) ... .. B..h�h�.?.-�!?.�.nr!-,J.rJtJJ.ng. ... .... ..... ..... ................................................... ........... ..... ..
2 Where's my bag? I left it under chis chair.
(somebody/ take/ it) ........ ...... ................ ......................... ............................... ..... .
3 We were all surprised when Jess and Nick got married last year.
(they/ only/ know/ each other/ a few weeks)

4 It's still raining. I wish it would stop.

(it/ rain/ all day) ............. ................................... ...................... .. .. ............................. .............................
5 Suddenly I woke up. I was confused and didn't know where I was.

�w �
(I / dream) ....................................................................................... ....................................... . . ·· · ···············"j.�1/�QQ",.C!IJ...
299
S,
------------ -
--
 Additional Exercises

Reported Speech Units 45-46, 48

Complete the sentences using reported speech.

GJ
Paul's gone ouc. I don't know
when he'll be back. Do you want
to leave a message?

YOU

A woman called at lunchtime yesterday and asked .. if;;h�Y9U..ld?p.�g.�.t.Q e�w!....... I told

....................... ..................... and.... ..... ... . ........... ........................ .
........ I asked
...... ............................... , but she said..... ................. later.
But she never did.

We have no record of a
Do you have any rooms
available anyway?
We're sorry, but
the hotel is full.

I went to New York recently, but my trip didn't begin well. I had made a hotel reservation, but
when I got to the hotel, they told................. .
.................... . When I asked.. .. .. . ........... . .. ...............
they said................................... ...................................... , but ...............................
There was nothing I could do. I just had to look for somewhere else to stay.

GJ (Why are you visiting the country?> Immigration

(How long do you intend to stay?�

,...

Where will you be

staying during your visit?

After getting off the plane, we had to stand in line for an hour to get through immigration. Finally,
it was our turn. The immigration officer asked us .... ...... . . .........................
. ... ...... . . . ...... , and we told .......... . ........... .
Then he wanted to know... ......... and

He seemed satisfied with our answers, checked our passports, and wished us a pleasant stay.

I'll call you from the

airport when I arrive. Don't come to the
airport. I'll take the bus.
SUE

A: What time is Sue arriving this afternoon?

B: About 3:00. She said..

A: Aren't you going to meet her?

s: No, she said not. ....... .. . She said that

311
 Additional Exercises

A few days ago a man called from a marketing company and started asking me questions. He
wanted to know .................................. ......... .......... ......... and asked..............................................................................
I don't like people calling and asking questions like that,
so I told ..... and ended the call.

NOW

ANNA SARAH SAM SARAH

Sarah and Anna are in a restaurant waiting for Sam.

SARAH: I wonder where Sam is. He said
ANNA: Maybe he got lost.
SARAH: I don't think so. He said ......
And I told.. . .

JOE JEN
Five minutes later
JOE: Is there anything to eat?
JEN: You just said......
JOE: Well. I am now. I'd love a banana.
JEN: A banana? But you said
You told. . . ...... . .... ........ ...... .....................

f..r. ing and to ... Units 51-64

Put the verbs into the correct form.

1 How old were you when you learned.... :t.9.c:ir.iv.�. .... ? (drive)
2 I don't mind . .. W.?l.�.i.r.ig . ... home, but I'd rather... .:t..g.k�..... a taxi. (walk, take)
3 I can't make a decision. I keep.. . ..................... .......................... ............. my mind. (change)
4 He had made his decision and refused............ his mind. (change)
5 Why did you change your decision? What made you ......... your mind?
(change)
6 It was a really good vacation. I really enjoyed...... . .. ....... .... ... by the ocean again. (be)
312
This guide is to help you decide which units you need to study. The sentences in the guide are grouped
together (Present and Past, Articles and Nouns, etc.) in the same way as the units in the Contents (pages iii-vi).
Each sentence can be completed using one or more of the alternatives (A, B, C, etc.). There are between two
and five alternatives each time. IN SOME SENTENCES MORE THAN ONE ALTERNATIVE IS POSSIBLE.
If you don't know or if you are not sure which alternatives are correct, then you probably need to study the
unit(s) in the list on the right. You will also find the correct sentence in this unit. (If two or three units are
listed, you will find the correct sentence in the first one. )
There is a key to chis study guide on page 367.

Present and Past

1.1 At first I didn't like my job, but ........... ......... ................................ . to enjoy it now.
A I'm starting B I start
1.2 I don't understand this sentence. What 7

A does mean this word B does this word mean C means this word
1.3 Michael.......... ......................... tennis two or three times a week.
A is playing usually B is usually playing C usually plays D plays usually
1.4 How...... ... . . . . ......... now? Better than before?
A you are feeling B do you feel Care you feeling
1.5 It was a boring weekend. .... anything.
A I didn't B I don't do CI didn't do
1.6 Matt while we were having dinner.
A called B was calling Chas called

Present Perfect and Past

2.1 Everything is going well. There. .......... ........................ any problems so far.
A weren't B have been C haven't been
2.2 Sarah has lost her passport again. This is the second time this.. ......... ..........................
A has happened B happens C happened Dis happening
2.3 "Are you hungry?" "No, ...... .... lunch."
A I just had BI just have CI've jUSC had
2.4 It .. ... . . . . . ... . ..... raining for a while, but now it's raining again.
A stopped B has stopped C was stopped
2.5 My mother .... in Chile.
A grew up B has grown up C had grown up
2.6 Why are you out of breath?..... ........................... 7

A Are you running B Have you run C Have you been running
2.7 Where's the book I gave you? What ............ ..... with it?
A have you done B have you been doing Care you doing

321
 Answer Key to Exercises

UNIT66 67.2 68.4

66.1
3 a key 2 I'd like some information about places
4 a coat to visit (in the town).
2 Amy was sitting in an armchair reading
5 ice 3 Can you give me some advice about
a book.
6 a cookie which courses co cake?/ ... courses I
3 Nicole opened the door carefully,
7 electricity can cake?
trying not to make any noise.
8 a question 4 I Oust) got some good news.
4 Sarah .went out saying she would be
9 a minute 5 It's a beautiful view (from here), isn't it?
back in an hour.
10 blood 6 What horrible/awful weather!
5 Kim worked in Rome for two years
11 a decision
teaching English.
12 an interview UNIT69
6 Anna walked around the town looking
at the sights and caking pictures. 67.3 69.1
2 days 3 They're vegetables.
66.2
3 meat 4 It's a Aower.
2 I got very wee walking in the rain.
4 a line 5 They're planets.
3 Lauren had an accident driving to work.
5 jokes 6 It's a game.
4 My friend slipped and fell getting off a
6 friends 7 They're tools.
bus.
7 people 8 They're rivers.
5 Emily hurt her back crying to lift a
8 air 9 It's an insect.
heavy box.
9 patience 10 They're languages.
6 Two people were overcome by smoke
10 an umbrella
crying to put out the fire. 69.2
11 languages
66.3 2 He's a waiter.
12 space
Example answers: 3 She's a journalist.
2 Having bought our tickets/ Having 4 He's a surgeon.
UNIT68
gotten our tickets 5 He's a chef.
68.1
3 Having discussed the problem/ Having 6 He's a plumber.
1 b there's a lot of noise
talked about the problem / Having 7 She's a tour guide.
2 a Light
thought about the problem 8 She's an interpreter.
b a light
4 Having said he was hungry 69.3
3 a time
5 Having lost his job/ Having given up b a great time 2 a careful driver
his job/ Having been fired from his job some books
4 a a glass of water 3
6 Having spent most of his life/ Having 4 books
b broken glass
lived (for) most of his life 5 sore feet
5 a a very nice room
66.4 b room 6 a sore throat
2 Thinking they might be hungry, ... 7 a lovely present
68.2
Being a vegetarian, ... 8 some students
2 bad luck
4 Not having a phone, ... 9 without an umbrella
3 trip
5 Having traveled a lot, ... 10 Some people
4 complete chaos
6 Not being able co speak the local 69.4
5 doesn't
language, . .. 4 a
6 some lovely scenery
7 Having spent almost all our money, ... 5 Some
7 very hard work
8 paper 6 an
UNIT67 7 - (You're always asking questions!)
9 heavy traffic
67.1 10 Your hair is ... it 8 a
3 We went to a very nice restaurant ... 11 is 9 - (Do you like staying in hotels?)
4 OK
10 Some
68.3
5 I use a toothbrush ... 11 - (Those are nice shoes.)
2 furniture
6 ,. . if there's a bank near here? 12 You need a visa to visit some
3 chairs
7 ... for an insurance company. countries
4 hair
8 OK 13 Kate is a teacher. Her parents were
5 progress
9 ... we stayed in a big hotel. teachers too.
6 permission
10 If you have a problem ... 14 He's a liar. He's always celling lies.
7 advice
11 ... It's an interesting idea. 8 experience
12 OK 9 experiences
13 It's a good game. 10 damage
14 OK
15 ... wearing a beautiful necklace.
16 . . . have an airport?

345
 The numbers in the index are unit angry(about/with/for) l27B auxiliary verbs(see also modal verbs)
numbers, not page numbers. annoyed(about/with/Jar) l27B 1n questions 47A-B
answer in short answers, etc. 49
a/an 67-70 an answer to something 126D 1n tag questions SO
a/an and the 70, 71A to answer a question(no preposition) avoid(+ -ing) 51A, 54A
a little I a few 85D-E 129B aware(of) 128A
such a/an 100 away(verb + away) 134, 142
any 67C 83-84
able(be able to) 25 any and some 83
about back
anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere
adjective +about 127, 128A in/on the back 1210, Appendix 7
83-84
verb + about 130-131 back up 140D
not. .. any 84
accuse(of) 60B, 132A verb+ back 142
any and no 840
active and passive 40 bad(at) 128B
any(of) 86
adjectives 96-99 baggage(noncount noun) . 68B
any and either 870
adjective+ to . . . 63-64 base form of verb Appendix 1
any+ comparative 103B
the+ adjective 74B subjunctive 32A
anymore I any longer 108B
adjectives ending in -ing and -ed 96 after make and let 53C
apologize(to somebody for) 60, 129A.
order of adjectives 97 see/hear somebody do 65
132B
adjectives after verbs 97C because(of) 110B-C
apostrophe(in short forms)
adjectives and adverbs 98-99 bed(in bed I to bed) 72C 122A
Appendix 5
comparative 102-104 been to 7A, 123A
apostrophe s ('s) 79, 81A
superlative 105 before
appear ( + to ... ) 52B
adjective + preposition 127-128 before + simple present 24A
apply (for) 130B
advantage(of/in/to) 58A, l26B before + -ing 58B
approve(of+ -ing) GOA. 132A
adverbs begin(+ -ing or to ...) S4C
aren't F(tag question) SOD
adjectives and adverbs 98-99 beginning(at the beginning)
arrange(+ to ...) 52A, 54A
comparatives 102B 119B
arrive (in/at) 123B
position of adverbs with the verb being(he is and he is being) 40
articles(a/an/the) 67-76
(always, also, etc.) 107 believe(in) 133A
a/an 67-70
advice(noncount noun) 68B believed(it is believed ... ) 43A
a/an and the 70, 71A
advise(+to ...) 53B better 102C
the 70-76
afford(+to ... ) 52A. 54A had better 33A-B
school I the school, etc. 72
afraid(of) 128A between(noun+ between) 126E
children I the children, etc. 73
I'm afraid so/not 49D blame 132B
the with names 75-76
afraid to do and afraid of doing 64A bored
as 104, 113-115
after bored and boring 96
as soon as 24A-B
after+ present simple/ present perfect bored with 127(
as··· as(in comparative sentences) 104
24A-B born(/ was born ...) 42(
as long as l12B
after + -ing 58B, 66B both(of) 87
as(=at the same time as) 113A
look after l30D both .. . and 87C
as and when 113
ago 12C both and all 870
as(= because) 113B
agree(+to . . . ) 52A. 54A position of both 107D
as and like 114
all 86, 88 bother( + -ing or to ... ) 54C
as if I as though 115
all and all the 73B, 86B bottom(at the bottom) 121C
ashamed (of) 128A
all(of) 86 bound (bound to do) 63E
ask
all and both 87D bread(noncount noun) 68B
ask in passive sentences 42A
all, every and whole 88 break
ask(somebody) to do something 46D,
position of all 107D break into l33B
53A
alleged(it is alleged ... ) 43A break down 134B, 139D
ask how/what + to . .. 520
allow(+ to ... and -ing) 53B, 64D break up 1410
ask somebody(no preposition) 129B
already 8D, 108D British English Appendix 7
ask somebody)jor 130B
position of already 107 busy(busy doing something) 610
astonished(at/by) 127C
also(position of also) 107 by 117, 125
at
although 110 by after the passive 40B, 125C
at(time) 118
always by (+ -ing) 58B
at the end and in the end l19B
I always do and I'm always doing 3B by myself I yourself, etc. 81E
at (position) 120-4
position of always 107 by(the time) 117
at the age of. .. 124D
amazed by and until ll7B
adjective+ at 127B-C 128B
amazed + to ... 63C by chance I by mistake, etc. 125A
verb +at 129
amazed at/by 127C by car I by bus, etc. 125B
attitude(about/to/toward/towards) 126D
an see a a play by Shakespeare, etc. 125C
adjective+ by 127(

368
 I 11
ISBN 978-1-108-61761-1

781108 617611 >