Decision Making,

Branching
Switch and Break
 The switch Statement

➢Switch is multiple–branching statement where based on a

➢ Enables the program to execute different statements based on

➢The expression provided in the switch should result in a constant

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 The switch statement
switch ( expression )
{ The expression is
case value1: successively compared
program statement against the values value1,
program statement value2, ..., valuen. If a case is
... found whose value is equal
break; to the value of expression,
case value2: the program statements that
program statement follow the case are
program statement executed.
...
break;
case value n: The switch test expression must be one
program statement with an integer value (including type
program statement char) (No float !).
...
break; The case values must be integer-type
default: constants or integer constant
program statement expressions (You can't use a variable for
program statement a case label !)
...
}
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 switch- control flow

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 switch- example 1
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int choice;
printf(“Enter your choice: 1-yes, 2-no\n”);
scanf(“%d”,&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1: printf(“YESSSSSSS……”);
break;
case 2: printf(“NOOOOOO……”);
break;
default: printf(“DEFAULT CASE…….”);
} printf(“The choice is %d”,choice);
return 0;
}
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 switch- example 2
scanf(“%d”,&mark);

case 50:
switch (mark)
grade=‘C’
{
break;
case 100: case 40:
case 90: grade=‘D’
case 80: grade=‘A’; break;
break;
default: grade=‘F’;
case 70: break;
case 60: }
printf(“%c”,grade);
grade=‘B’;
break;

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 An Example – switch case
char ch;
scanf)(“%c”,&ch);

switch(ch)
{
case ‘a’ : printf(“Vowel”);
break;
case ‘e’ : printf(“Vowel”);
break;
case ‘i’ : printf(“Vowel”);
break;
case ‘o’ : printf(“Vowel”);
break;
case ‘u’ : printf(“Vowel”);
break;
default: printf(“Not a Vowel”); }

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 An Example – switch case
char ch;
scanf(“%c”,&ch);

switch(ch)
{
case ‘a’:
case ‘e’:
case ‘i’ :
case ‘o’ :
case ‘u’ : printf(“Vowel”);
break;
default: printf(“Not a Vowel”); }

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 Example - switch
/* Program to evaluate simple expressions case ‘*':
of the form value operator value */ result=value1*value2;
#include <stdio.h> printf(“%f”,result);
int main (void) break;
{ float value1, value2; case ‘/':
char operator; if ( value2 == 0 )
float result; printf(“Division by
printf("Type in your expression.\n“); zero.\n“);
scanf(“%f %c %f”, else result=value1 / value2;
&value1,&operator,&value2); printf(“%f”,result);
switch (operator) break;
{case '+': default;
result=value1+value2; printf(“Unknown Operator”);
printf(“%f”,result);
}
break;
return 0;
case '-':
result=value1-value2; }
printf(“%f”,result);
break;
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 What is the output of the following code snippet?

int iNum = 2;
switch(iNum)
{
case 1:
printf(“ONE”);
break;
case 2:
printf(“TWO”);
break;
case 3:
printf(“THREE”);
break;
default:
printf(“INVALID”);
break;
}

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 What is the output of the following code snippet?

iNum = 2;
switch(iNum)
{
default:
printf(“INVALID”);
case 1:
printf(“ONE”);
case 2:
printf(“TWO”);
break;
case 3:
printf(“THREE”;)
}

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 What is the output of the following code snippet?

switch (iDepartmentCode)
{
case 110 : printf(“HRD ”);
case 115 : printf(“IVS ”);
case 125 : printf(“E&R ”);
case 135 : printf(“CCD ”);
IVS E&R CCD
}

Assume iDepartmentCode is 115

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 What is the output of the following code snippet?
int iNum = 2;
switch(iNum)
{
case 1.5:
printf(“ONE AND HALF”);
break;
case 2:
printf(“TWO”);
case ‘A’ :
printf(“A character”);
}

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Check Validity:
• switch(1+2+23)
• switch(1*2+3%4)
• switch(a*b+c*d)
• switch(a+b+c)

Important Points:
• Duplicate case values are not allowed
• Nesting of switch statements is allowed

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int main()
{
int x = 1;
switch (x)
{
x = x + 1;
case 1: printf("Choice is 1");
break;
case 2: printf("Choice is 2");
break;
default: printf("Choice other than 1 and 2");
break;
}
return 0;
}

Output:: Choice is 1
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int main()
{
int x = 1;
switch (x)
{
case 2: printf("Choice is 1");
break;
case 1+1: printf("Choice is 2");
break;
}
return 0;
}

Output::

Compiler Error: duplicate case value

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