MATHEMATICS

GRADE 12

30 APRIL 2022

ALGRBRA, SEQUENCES, FUNCTIONS AND CALCULUS

TIME: 3 HOURS MARKS: 150

NAME: __________________________________________
Final mark: / 150

SCHOOL: __________________________________________
Percentage:

MAXIMUM MARKS
QUESTION OBTAINED
MARKS
1 24

2 22

3 21

4 11

5 17

6 14

7 16

8 10

9 5

10 10
QUESTION 1

1.1 Given: ( x + 3)(3x − 1) = m

1.1.1 Solve for x if m = 0 (2)

1.1.2 Solve for x, rounded to two decimal places, if m = 6 . (5)

1.1.3 The turning point of f ( x) = ( x + 3)(3x − 1) is (−1 13 ; − 8 13 ) .

(a) How must the graph of f be translated for it to have equal roots? (1)

(b) Hence, write down the value of k for which f ( x) + k = 0 will have
no real solutions. (1)

1.2 Solve for x:

1
1.2.1 3 x − 5x 4 − 2 = 0 (5)

1.2.2 x 2  4 + 3x and x  0 (4)

1.3 Solve for x and y:

23 x +1 = 4 y
x 2 + 2 y = 29 (6)
[24]

2|Page
QUESTION 2

2.1 In a quadratic sequence, T1 = T3 = 0 and T4 = −3 .

Determine the nth term of the sequence. (6)
2.2 54 ; x ; 6 are the first three terms of a geometric sequence.

2.2.1 Calculate the possible values of xin simplest surd form. (2)

2.2.2 If x  0 , is this sequence convergent? Motivate your answer by clearly

showing all your calculations. (2)

2.3 Determine the value of k for which:

60 5


r =5
(3r − 4) = k
p =2
(5)

3 1 1
2.4 Consider the sequence: 4; ; 4 ; ; 4 ; ; .........
4 4 12

2.4.1 If the pattern continues in this way, write down the next two terms. (1)

2.4.2 Calculate the sum of the first 25 terms of the sequence. (6)
[22]

[25]

3|Page
QUESTION 3

The graphs of f ( x) = 2 x 2 + 4 x − 6 and g ( x) = a x are represented in the sketch below.

A and B are the x-intercepts of f and R is the turning point of f . The point C( − 2 ; 4)
is a point on the graph of g.

C(−2 ; 4)

1
3.1 Show that a = . (2)
2
3.2 Determine the length of AB. (3)

3.3 Determine the length of SR. (5)

3.4 Write down the equation of h, if h is the reflection of f in the y-axis.

Express your answer in the form h( x) = a( x + p)2 + q . (2)

3.5 Write down the equation of g −1 in the form y = .... (2)

3.6 Sketch the graph of y = g −1 ( x) on a set of axes. (2)

3.7 Determine the values of x for which:

3.7.1 g −1 ( x)  −2 (3)

3.7.2 x . f ( x)  0 (2)
[21]

4|Page
QUESTION 4
−4
The diagram below shows the hyperbola defined by f ( x) = +1
x+ p
The lines g and y = − x + 2 are axes of symmetry of f and intersect at B, the point of intersection
of the asymptotes.

y = −x + 2

4.1 Determine the equation of fand hence the value of p . (4)

4.2 Determine the equation of g, the other axis of symmetry of f . (2)

4.3 Write down the domain of f . (2)

4.4 Suppose that the graph of f is shifted left so that A coincides with the origin.
Determine the equation of the vertical asymptote of the newly formed graph. (3)
[11]

5|Page
QUESTION 5
3
Given: f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c and g ( x) = + q for all x  −1 .
x+ p
The graph of f cuts the x-axis at A and B and the y-axis at 6. It has its turning point at (2 ; 8) .
The graph of g cuts the y-axis at 4 and intersects the line y = x at C. The line y = 1 is an
asymptote of g.

(2 ; 8)
f y=x
6

g
y =1

x = −1

1
5.1 Show that a = − , b = 2 and c = 6 by determining the equation of f. (3)
2
5.2 Determine the length of AB. (4)

5.3 Write down the equation of g. (1)

5.4 Determine the coordinates of C. (5)

5.5 Determine graphically the values of x for which

5.5.1 g ( x) − x  0 (2)

5.5.2 f ( x).g ( x)  0 (1)

1
5.6 For which values of k will the equation − x 2 + 2 x = k − 6 have equal roots? (2)
2
[18]

6|Page
QUESTION 6

6.1 Given: f ( x) = 3x − x 2

6.1.1 Determine f ( x ) from first principles. (5)

6.1.2 If y = f ( x) represents the graph of the derivative of a cubic function g,

determine:

(a) the x-values of the turning points of g. (3)

(b) the x-value of the point of inflection of g. (2)

6.2 Determine
dy
dx
( )

if y = 1 − x 1 −

2 

x

Leave your answer with positive exponents. (4)

[14]

QUESTION 7

The graph defined by f ( x) = x3 + ax 2 + bx + c is shown along with its tangent g ( x) = mx + c.

Both graphs cut the y-axis atD. The graph of f cuts the x-axis at (−3 ; 0), (2 ; 0) and (5 ; 0) .

−3 2 5

7.1 Show that a = −4, b = −11 and c = 30 . (4)

7.2 Determine the coordinates of A, the turning point of f . (4)

7.3 Determine the equation of g. (2)

7.4 Determine the values of x for which:

7|Page (2)

(3)
 7.4.1 f ( x)  0

7.4.2 f ( x)  0

7.5 For which values of k will f ( x) = g ( x) + k have non-real roots?

QUESTION 8

In the diagram below, a cone is cut out of a cylindrical piece of wood. The cone and the cylinder
have equal radii and the height of the cylinder is 2 cm more than the height of the cone. The ratio
of the radius to the height of the cylinder is 1:3.
1
Volume of a right circular cone = πr 2 h
3
All measurements are in cm.

8.1 Show that the volume of wood left over, after the cone has been cut outof the
cylinder is given by:

2
V = 2r 3 + r 2 (5)
3

8.2 Determine the value of r if the rate of change of the volume of the wood with
respect to r is (498) cm2 /cm . (5)
[10]

8|Page
QUESTION 9

A petrol tank at a petrol depot has both the inlet and the outlet pipes which are used
to control the amount of petrol it contains. The depth of the tank is given by
t 2 t3
D(t ) = 6 + − where D is in metres and t is in hours that are measured from 09h00.
4 8

9.1 Determine the rate at which the depth is changing at 12h00, and then state
whether there is and increase or decrease in depth. Answer correct to two
decimal digits. (3)

9.2 At what time other than 09h00 will the inflow of petrol be the same as the
outflow? (3)
[6]

9|Page
 MATHEMATICS

GRADE 12

30 APRIL 2022

MARKING MEMORANDUM

QUESTION 1

1.1.1 ( x + 3)(3 x − 1) = 0 ✓ ( x + 3)(3x − 1) = 0

1 ✓ answers (2)
 x = −3 or x =
3
1.1.2 ( x + 3)(3 x − 1) = 6 ✓ 3x 2 + 8 x − 9 = 0
 3x 2 + 8 x − 3 = 6 ✓ substitution
−8  172
 3x 2 + 8 x − 9 = 0 ✓ x=
6
−8  (8) 2 − 4(3)(−9) ✓✓ answers (5)
x =
2(3)
−8  172
x =
6
 x = 0,85 or x = −3,52
1.1.3(a) The graph must shift 8 13 units ✓ answer (1)
up so that the turning point lies
on the x-axis.

−8 13

1.1.3(b) k  −8 13 ✓ answer (1)

10 | P a g e
1.2.1 1 1 ✓ use of k-method
3x 2 − 5 x 4 − 2 = 0 ✓ factorising
1 ✓ two equations
Let k = x 4 ✓ exclusion
1 1 ✓ x = 16 (5)
 k 2 = ( x 4 )2 = x 2
 3k 2 − 5k − 2 = 0
 (3k + 1)(k − 2) = 0
1
k = − or k = 2
3
1 1 1
 x4 = − or x4 = 2
3
no real solution  x = 16

Alternatively:

1 1
3x 2 − 5 x 4 − 2 = 0 1
✓ ( x 4 )2
1 1
 3( x 4 ) 2 − 5 x 4 − 2 = 0 ✓ factorising
1 1
✓ two equations
 (3x 4 + 1)( x 4 − 2) = 0 ✓ exclusion
1 1
✓ x = 16 (5)
1
 x4 =− or x4 =2
3
no real solution  x = 16
1.2.2 x − 3x − 4  0
2 ✓ standard form
✓ factors
 ( x − 4)( x + 1)  0
✓ −1  x  4
−1  x  4 ✓ 0 x4 (4)
But x  0
0  x  4
1.3 23 x +1 = 22 y ✓ 23 x+1 = 22 y
 3x + 1 = 2 y ✓ 3x + 1 = 2 y
✓ substitution
 x 2 + (3 x + 1) = 29 ✓ factors
 x 2 + 3 x − 28 = 0 ✓ x-values
✓ y-values (6)
 ( x + 7)( x − 4) = 0
x = −7 or x = 4
3(−7) + 1 = 2 y 3(4) + 1 = 2 y
−20 = 2 y 13 = 2 y
13
 y = −10 y=
2

[24]

11 | P a g e
QUESTION 2

2.1 0 x 0 −3 ✓✓ obtaining x = 1
x −x −3 ✓ a = −1
✓ b=4
− 2x − 3 − ( − x)
✓ c = −5
−2 x = −3 − (− x)
✓ Tn = −n2 + 4n − 5
−2 x = −3 + x (6)
−3 x = −3
x =1
0 1 0 −3
1 −1 −3
−2 −2
2a = −2 3(−1) + b = 1 − 1 + 4 + c = −2
a = −1 b=4 c = −5
 Tn = −n 2 + 4n − 5
2.2.1 54 ; x ; 6 x 6
✓ =
x 6 54 x
 =
54 x ✓ x = 3 2 (2)
 x 2 = 324
 x =  18
 x = 3 2
2.2.2 3 2 ✓ value of r
r= = 0, 08 ✓ reason (2)
54
The sequence is convergent since r lies in the interval
−1  r  1
2.3 60 ✓ no of terms = 56
r =5
(3r − 4) ✓ substituting into
arithmetic sum
= [3(5) − 4] + [3(6) − 4] + [3(7) − 4] + ..... + [3(60) − 4] formula
= 11 + 14 + 17 + ...... + 176 ✓ 5 236
✓ 4k
56 ✓ 1 309
= [11 + 176] = 5 236 (5)
2
5 5

  k. p
p =2
k=
p =2
0
= k (2)0 + k (3)0 + k (4)0 + k (5)0 = 4k

 5 236 = 4k
 k = 1 309

2.4.1 1 ✓ answer (1)

4;
36
2.4.2 The 4’s occupy odd positions in the pattern. ✓✓ 52
The 25th term will therefore be 4. ✓ substitution into
The other terms occupy even positions in the pattern. geometric sum
formula

12 | P a g e
 T1 + T3 + T5 + ........ + T25 ✓ 12 terms
✓ 1,124997883
= 4 + 4 + 4 + ...... + 4 (13 terms)
✓ 53,12 (6)
= 13  4 = 52
T2 + T4 + T6 + ........ + T24
3 1 1
+ + + ......... (to 12 terms)
4 4 12
3  1 
12
1 −   
4   3  
= = 1,124997883
1
1−
3
 S25 = 1,124997883 + 52 = 53,12

[22]

QUESTION 3

3.1 y = ax ✓ substitution
✓ answer (2)
 4 = a −2
1
4 =
a2
 4a 2 = 1
1
 a2 =
4
1
a =
2
3.2 0 = 2 x2 + 4 x − 6 ✓ equating to 0
✓ x-values
 0 = x2 + 2 x − 3 ✓ length of AB (3)
 0 = ( x + 3)( x − 1)
 x = −3 or x = 1
 AB = 4 units
3.3 4 ✓✓ x-value of R
xR = − = −1 ✓✓ y-value of R
2(2)
✓ length of SR (5)
 yR = 2(−1) 2 + 4(−1) − 6 = −8
 SR = 8 units
Alternatively:
f ( x) = 4 x + 4
0 = 4x + 4
 x = −1
3.4 h( x) = 2( x − 1)2 − 8 ✓ answer (1)

13 | P a g e
3.5 1
x ✓ interchanging x and y
y=  ✓ equation (2)
2
y
1
x =  
2
 y = log 1 x
2
3.6 ✓ shape
✓ x-intercept (2)
The other point is
optional.

(1 ; 0)

(2 ; − 1)
y = log 1 x
2

✓ equation
3.7.1 y = log 1 x ✓ x-value
2
✓ 0 x4 (3)

y = −2
(4 ; − 2)

log 1 x = −2
2
−2
1
x =   =4
2
 g −1 ( x)  −2 for all 0  x  4
3.7.2 −1  x  0 ✓✓ answer (2)

[21]
QUESTION 4

4.1 y = 1 is the horizontal asymptote. ✓ y =1

Now substitute y = 1 into y = − x + 2 : ✓ substitution to get x
1 = − x + 2 −4
✓ f ( x) = +1
x =1 x −1
 B is the point (1;1) ✓ p = −1 (4)
The vertical asymptote’s equation is x = 1

14 | P a g e
 −4
Therefore, the equation of the hyperbola is f ( x) = +1
x −1
The value of p is p = −1 .

4.2 The equation of the other axis of symmetry is: ✓ y = ( x − 1) + 1

y = ( x + p) + q ✓ g ( x) = x (2)
 y = ( x − 1) + 1
y = x
 g ( x) = x
4.3 Domain of f : ✓
x  − 1 ✓ − 1 (2)
4.4 −4 −4
0= +1 ✓ 0= +1
x −1 x −1
 0 = −4 + x − 1 ✓ A(5 ; 0)
x = 5 ✓ x = −4 (3)
A(5 ; 0)
If the graph of f is shifted 5 units left, then the newly formed
graph’s asymptote will be x = −4 .
[11]

QUESTION 5

5.1 y = a ( x − 2) 2 + 8 ✓ substitution of point

✓ the value of a
Substitute (0 ; 6)
✓ standard form and stating
 6 = a (0 − 2) 2 + 8 the values a, b and c (3)
1
a = −
2
1
 y = − ( x − 2) 2 + 8
2
1
 y = − ( x 2 − 4 x + 4) + 8
2
1
 y = − x2 + 2 x − 2 + 8
2
1
 y = − x2 + 2 x + 6
2
1
a = − b=2 c=6
2
5.2 1 ✓ letting y = 0
0 = − x2 + 2 x + 6
2 ✓ factors
 0 = x 2 − 4 x − 12 ✓ the values of x
✓ the length of AB (4)
 0 = ( x − 6)( x + 2)
x = 6 or x = −2
 AB = 8 units

15 | P a g e
5.3 3 ✓ equation (1)
g ( x) = + 1 for x  −1
x +1
5.4 3 ✓ equating of functions
+1 = x ✓ multiplying by LCD
x +1
 3 + 1( x + 1) = x( x + 1) ✓ solving for x
✓ solving for y
 x + 4 = x2 + x ✓ coordinates of C (5)
4 = x 2

 x = 2 (x  0)
y =2
C(2 ; 2)
5.5.1 g ( x) − x  0 ✓ g ( x)  x
 g ( x)  x ✓ x2 (2)
The values of x for which the hyperbola
is below the line y = x are:
x  2
5.5.2 f ( x).g ( x)  0 for all −1  x  2 ✓ −1  x  2 (1)
5.6 1 1
− x2 + 2x = k − 6 ✓ − x2 + 2 x + 6 = k
2 2
1 ✓ k =8 (2)
− x 2 + 2 x + 6 = k
2
This is where the parabola cuts the line
y = 8 in one point only (two equal solutions)
k = 8
Alternatively:
1 ✓  = 16 − 2k
− x2 + 2x + 6 − k = 0 ✓ k =8
2
 1
 = (2) 2 − 4  −  (6 − k )
 2
 = 4 + 2(6 − k )
 = 4 + 12 − 2k
 = 16 − 2k
For equal roots,  = 0
 0 = 16 − 2k
k = 8

QUESTION 6

16 | P a g e
6.1.1 [3( x + h) − ( x + h) 2 ] − [3x − x 2 ] ✓ 3( x + h) − ( x + h)2
f ( x) = lim
h →0 h ✓ correct substitution
3 x + 3h − ( x 2 + 2 xh + h 2 ) − 3 x + x 2 into formula
= lim 3h − 2 xh − h 2
h →0 h ✓ lim
h →0 h
3 x + 3h − x − 2 xh − h 2 − 3 x + x 2
2
= lim ✓ lim (3 − 2 x − h)
h →0 h h →0

3h − 2 xh − h 2 ✓ 3 − 2x (5)
= lim
h →0 h
h(3 − 2 x − h)
= lim
h →0 h
= lim (3 − 2 x − h)
h →0
= 3 − 2x
6.1.2(a) f ( x) = g ( x) 3h − 2 xh − h 2
✓ lim
At a turning point: g ( x) = 0 h →0 h
 0 = 3x − x 2 ✓ lim (3 − 2 x − h)
h →0
 0 = x(3 − x) ✓ 3 − 2x (3)
 x = 0 or x = 3
6.1.2(b) At a point of inflection on g: ✓ 3 − 2x = 0
g ( x) = 0 3
✓ x= (2)
 f ( x) = 0 2
3 − 2x = 0
−2 x = −3
3
x =
2

( 
)
2 
6.2 − 12 1
y = 1 − x 1 − ✓✓ y = 3 − 2 x − x2

 x − 32 − 12
✓ x − 12 x
2
 y = 1− − x +2 ✓ lim (3 − 2 x − h)
x h →0
− 12 1 1 1
 y = 3 − 2x − x2 ✓ 3 − 1
(4)
dy −3 −1 x2 2x 2
 = x 2 − 12 x 2
dx
dy 1 1
 = 3− 1
dx x 2 2 x 2

[14]

QUESTION 7

7.1 y = ( x + 3)( x − 2)( x − 5) ✓ substitution into

formula
= ( x + 3)( x 2 − 7 x + 10)
✓ expanding
= x3 − 7 x 2 + 10 x + 3x 2 − 21x + 30 ✓ simplifying
✓ a, b and c (4)
= x3 − 4 x 2 − 11x + 30

17 | P a g e
 a = −4
b = −11
c = 30
7.2 f ( x) = x3 − 4 x 2 − 11x + 30 ✓ 0 = 3x 2 − 8 x − 11
✓ 0 = (3x − 11)( x + 1)
 f ( x) = 3 x 2 − 8 x − 11
✓ x-values
 0 = 3 x 2 − 8 x − 11 ✓ A( − 1; 36) (4)
 0 = (3 x − 11)( x + 1)
11 2
x = =3 or x = −1
3 3
f (−1) = (−1)3 − 4(−1) 2 − 11(−1) + 30 = 36
A( − 1; 36)
7.3 D(0 ; 30) is the y-intercept of g. ✓ mg = −11
mg = f (0) = 3(0) − 8(0) − 11 = −11
2
✓ g ( x) = −11x + 30 (2)
 g ( x) = −11x + 30

7.4.1 2 2
−1  x  3 ✓✓ −1  x  3 (2)
3 3

7.4.2 Point of inflection: ✓ f ( x) = 6 x − 8

f ( x) = 3x 2 − 8 x − 11 8 4
✓ x= =
 f ( x) = 6 x − 8 6 3
4
0 = 6x − 8 ✓ x (3)
3
8 4
x = =
6 3
Concave up for all:
4
x
3
7.5 k  30 ✓ k  30 (1)

[14]

QUESTION 8

8.1 1 ✓ H = 3r
Vol = r 2 H − r 2 h
3 ✓ h = 3r − 2
r 1 1
= ✓ Vol = r 2 H − r 2 h
H 3 3
 H = 3r ✓ substitution
H = h+2 ✓ expansion (5)
 3r = h + 2
 h = 3r − 2

18 | P a g e
 1
Vol = r 2 H − r 2 h
3
1
= r 2 (3r ) − r 2 (3r − 2)
3
2
= 3r 3 − r 3 + r 2
3
2
= 2r 3 + r 2
3
8.2 2 4
V(r ) = 2r 3 + r 2 ✓ V(r ) = 6r 2 + r
3 3
4 4
 V(r ) = 6r 2 + r ✓ 498 = 6r 2 + r
3 3
1
 498 = 6r 2 + r
4 ✓ Vol = r 2 H − r 2 h
3 3
4 ✓ 0 = 9r + 2r − 747
2
 498 = 6r 2 + r ✓ r = 9 cm (5)
3
1 494 = 18r + 4r
2

 747 = 9r 2 + 2r
 0 = 9r 2 + 2r − 747
 0 = (9r + 83)(r − 9)
 r = 9 cm

QUESTION 9

9.1 1 1 1 3
D(t ) = 6 + t 2 − t 3 ✓ D(t ) = t − t 2
4 8 2 8
1 1 ✓ −1,88 m / s
 D(t ) =  2t −  3t 2
4 8 ✓ decreasing (3)
1 3
 D(t ) = t − t 2
2 8
1 3 15
 D(3) = (3) − (3) 2 = − = −1,88 m / s
2 8 8
The rate of change is negative indicating that the depth
is decreasing.
9.2 D(t ) = 0 1 3
✓ 0 = t − t2
1 3 2 8
0 = t − t2 4
2 8 ✓ t = 0 or t =
3
 0 = 4t − 3t 2
✓ 10h10 (3)
 0 = t (4 − 3t )
4
 t = 0 or t =
3
At 09h00 ( t = 0 ), the inflow of petrol be the same as
the outflow.
4 4
If t = hours, then t =  60 = 80 minutes
3 3

19 | P a g e
 80 minutes later will be at 10h10.
[6]

20 | P a g e