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Chemistry Lecture 6 Amount of Substance

The document outlines a chemistry course (FHN 207) facilitated by Kwaw Fobri, covering key concepts such as the mole, molar mass, and amount concentration. It includes calculations for determining molar mass, amount of substance, and preparation of standard solutions, along with examples and methods for dilution. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of balanced chemical equations in calculations involving chemical reactions.

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14 views14 pages

Chemistry Lecture 6 Amount of Substance

The document outlines a chemistry course (FHN 207) facilitated by Kwaw Fobri, covering key concepts such as the mole, molar mass, and amount concentration. It includes calculations for determining molar mass, amount of substance, and preparation of standard solutions, along with examples and methods for dilution. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of balanced chemical equations in calculations involving chemical reactions.

Uploaded by

robertanum1a1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ABOUT THE COURSE

COURSE TITLE : CHEMISTRY


COURSE CODE :FHN 207
CREDIT HOURS:2

COURSE FACILITATOR:
KWAW FOBRI
MPH,BSC.
AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE
Mole is the amount of substance containing the same number of particles or
entities as there are atoms in 12 g of carbon-12 isotopes.

It is also the amount of substance containing Avogadro’s number of particles.


(6.02 x 1023).
1 mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 1023 particles of that substance.
Unit of amount of substance is mol.
Mathematically, Amount of substance (n) = mass of substance (m)
Molar mass of the substance (M)
MOLAR MASS
Molar mass is defined as the mass of one (1) mole of a substance.
It is also the mass of Avogadro’s number.
Unit of Molar mass is g mol-1

Relative atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the isotopic


masses on the scale on which the mass of one atom of carbon is taken as 12
exactly.
It is also the average mass of one atom of an element compared to 1/12 of the
mass of one atom of 12C.
AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE
Examples
• Calculate the molar mass of the following compounds.
[H =1, S =32, 0 =16, Na =23, Cl = 35.5, Cu = 63, C =12]
(i) H2SO4 =

(ii) NaCl =

(iii) CuSO4 =

(iv) H2O =
AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE

1. Calculate the amount of substance in 4.2 g of NaHCO3 [Na= 23,


H=1, C=12, O= 16]
2. How many moles of HCl are contained in 7.3 g of
HCL.[H=1,Cl=35.5]
3. Calculate the number of moles in 4 g of NaOH. [ Na= 23, O= 16,
H=1]
AMOUNT CONCENTRATION
It is the amount of substance in moles dissolved in 1 dm3 of solution.
Note: 1 dm3 = 1000 cm3
Unit of concentration is mol/dm3 previously M as molar.
𝑛
Concentration C =
𝑉 (𝑑𝑚3)
m
Substituting n= in the concentration formula,
M
m = C x M x V(dm3)
AMOUNT CONCENTRATION
1. Find the molarity of a solution in which 0.5 mol of NaOH is dissolved in 100
cm3 of solution.
2. A solution contains 18 g of glucose per dm3. Calculate its molarity.
[C6H12O6=180 g/mol]

3. Determine the mass of NaOH contained in 1000cm3 of 0.2 M solution


NaOH. [Na= 23, O=16, H=1]
4. How many moles of HCl will be in 250 cm3 portions of acid of concentration
2 mol/dm3
5. A quantity of NaCl was dissolved in 100 cm3 of solution to obtain 0.5 M
NaCl solution. Calculate the mass of NaCl used. [Na=23, Cl=35.5]
CALCULATIONS INVOLVING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

i. Write a balanced equation


ii. Determine the mole ratio between the known and the
unknown
iii. Identify the known data from the question
iv. Calculate the moles of the known and use the mole ratio to
find the moles of the unknown.
v. Convert the moles of the unknown to the quantity required
by the question
CALCULATIONS INVOLVING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

Magnesium ribbon of mass 4.0g is placed in dilute


hydrochloric acid contained in a beaker.

Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid that


would be required to react completely with the ribbon.
[Mg = 24, H = 1, Cl = 35.5]
PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLUTION

• A solution is homogenous mixture of two or more substance.


• The solute is the substance present in smaller amount, and the solvent is the
substance present in larger quantity.
• Standard solution is a solution whose concentration is accurately known.
• Stock solution is a concentrated solution from which dilute solutions are
prepared from.
• The number of times the volume of a more concentrated solution is diluted is
known as dilution factor.
DILUTION OF SOLUTIONS

Dilution of solutions
1. When a solution is diluted, the total number of moles remains the same. But the
concentration changes during dilution.
2. When a solution is diluted, moles of the concentrated solution = moles of the diluted
solution.
n = C x V (dm3).
Cconc x Vconc = Cdil x Vdil i.e.
C1V1 =C2V2
Vdil = Vconc + Vwater

Vwater = Vdil - Vconc


DILUTION OF SOLUTIONS

Examples
1.50 cm3 of 0.2 M NaoH was diluted to 250 cm3. What will be the
concentrated of the diluted solution.
2. Determine the volume of water required to change required to
change the concentration of 100 cm3 of 0.5 M HCl to 0.1 M HCl.
STEPS INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION OF SOLUTION

Apparatus needed

Volumetric flask, beaker, funnel, wash bottle or measuring cylinder containing distilled water, stirring
rod
Methods
- Weigh accurately the actual mass of the substance using a weighing scale into a clean beaker.
- Add small quantity of distilled water from the wash bottle to dissolve the substance in the beaker.
Ensure complete dissolution by stirring it with a stirring rod.
- Transfer the solution from the beaker into volumetric flask using a funnel.
- Rinse the rest of the content of the beaker with distilled water and transfer all content into the
volumetric flask.
- Mix well the solution in the volumetric flask by shaking it.
- Add more distilled water from the wash bottle to the mark of the volumetric flask.
- Cork the volumetric flask and shake it to ensure the solution is completely mixed.
TO
TEACH
IS TO
LEARN
TWICE

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