Arabic As One Language Integrating Dialect in The Arabic Language Curriculum Mahmoud Al-Batal PDF Download
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Arabic as
One Language
Integrating Dialect in the Arabic Language Curriculum
The publisher is not responsible for third-party websites or their content. URL links were
active at time of publication.
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xvii
vii
viii Contents
ix
x Preface
question, and we began to hear calls to introduce dialects to the Arabic cur-
riculum in order to bring the curriculum in line with communicative
approaches. Large programs introduced dialect courses at the upper levels;
however, these courses remained separate from the core Arabic curriculum
that continued to privilege MSA.
The new millennium accentuated and accelerated these challenges, as the
United States saw an unprecedented growth of interest in the study of Arabic
and in study abroad in the Arab world. The high level of demand for Arabic
created the opportunity for the development and publication of new text-
books, two of which integrate MSA and dialect, yet also underscored the fact
that the exclusive focus on MSA and the almost complete exclusion of the
dialect from the curriculum at the lower levels of instruction was not prepar-
ing students for real communication or intercultural communication.
Despite these developments, however, the integration of dialect into the teach-
ing of Arabic remains the practice of a minority of programs in the United States.
Opposition to integration is often attributed to care for the well-being of the stu-
dents, on the basis that it would cause confusion, or because teachers fear they
might teach students a dialect for which they have no use. This book presents
research from a variety of programs demonstrating that the difficulty of learning
two varieties of a language is far outweighed by the benefit of skills gained and
that dialect is important in building linguistic and sociocultural skills no matter
which dialect is taught. (More data and evidence is available than could fit in the
book; additional data, as noted in each chapter, is provided on this book’s product
page on the Georgetown University Press website.) What is left after that is lan-
guage ideology: the deep-seated beliefs that many educated speakers of Arabic
share about what constitutes “proper” or “correct” language and the equally deep
feelings about the link between al-fuṣḥā and Islam. But these ideologies cannot
constitute the main guiding principles for the profession of TAFL.
The main aim of the present volume is to shift the debate on dialect
integration in the field of Arabic from the realm of ideology to that of ped-
agogy. It does so by providing Arabic teachers and curriculum designers
with insights and experiences of Arabic programs in the United States and
abroad that have integrated dialects into their curricula. These insights are
based on actual program models, classroom practices, and students’ output,
augmented by student and teacher perspectives gathered through surveys
and interviews.
This book is aimed at present and future teachers of Arabic as a foreign/
second language, program directors and coordinators, and students interested in
learning more about how Arabic can be studied and taught. The book may also
Preface xi
ability of the program to teach and students to learn and function in Arabic in
MSA and multiple dialects. Furthermore, he demonstrates how proficiency in
one dialect increases students’ enthusiasm for proficiency in other registers of
the language, including MSA. Belnap argues that dialect integration is worth
any initial confusion experienced by either instructors or students in order to
develop superior proficiency in Arabic.
In chapter 4, Jonathan Featherstone analyzes the reasons for a lack of insti-
tutional practice of the integrated approach, specifically in the United King-
dom. He introduces a teacher-training program based on the concept of
integration at the University of Edinburgh as a way of addressing the fears,
worries, and, confusion associated with integration in the minds of many
Arabic teachers. This training program aids instructors in deconstructing and
reconstructing their perceptions of Arabic in the hopes of helping them better
understand the relationship between MSA and the dialects. The program also
helps the teachers develop both the creative tools required to teach an inte-
grated curriculum and the empathy needed to understand the learning process
for students under this approach.
In chapter 5, Elizabeth Huntley provides a comprehensive background to
the question of integration in the field of Arabic and discusses the argu-
ments that are presented for and against integration. She also compares the
reactions of students learning under the integrated approach in a beginning-
level course at the University of Michigan to those studying dialect and
MSA simultaneously while abroad. Huntley underscores the importance of
implementing an integrated curriculum from the very start in order to miti-
gate possible confusion among students on the various differences in dialect
and MSA.
— Jumalan haltuun!
Ja siihen ei löydy kuin yksi keino: se, että hän kadottaa Vitoldin,
että Vitold rakastuu toiseen.
Dargis ei enää syö päivällistä Vuoriolla eikä käy talossa kuin aivan
harvoin. Kaupungilla luullaan, että he ovat riitaantuneet, ja arvellaan,
että niin käy aina, kun ystävyys on ollut liian kuumaa. Mutta Elina
rouva syyttää tuntejaan ja miehensä töitä. Soittoharjoitustensa
tähden on Agnesin pitänyt muuttaa pois Vuoriolta.
— Olen, lapseni.
*****
*****
— Kiitos, se on erinomaista!
Ja Elinan lähtiessä noutamaan lakanaa, jää hän Agnesin kanssa
kahden. He eivät kumpikaan löydä sanoja, tyttö punoo
hermostuneesti kokoon vihantia puolanvarsia ja Kunnas huiskii
kepillään.
— En tiedä. Pelkään…
— Syntymäpäivä…?
— Kaikesta, kaikesta!
Se on sähkösanoma.
Hänen kätensä vapisevat niin, ettei hän saa sitä avatuksi. Hän
tietää mistä se on, hän tietää, että se kutsuu häntä. Se mitä hän
vielä ei tiedä, on, onko Yrjö sairastunut vai onko hän jo kuollut. Ja
vavisten niin että hampaat kalisevat suussa, seisoo hän valkeassa
puvussaan aamuauringon hohteessa, kasvoiltaan kalman kalpeana.
Sulhanen ja morsiankin ovat saapuneet paikalle ja Agnesin hellästi
hyväellessä hänen kättään, avaa Dargis sähkösanoman, joka on
ranskankielinen, ja silmäilee sen läpi:
Ettei hän vain tulisi myöhään! Miksei hän ole nähnyt unta tai
varoittavaa näkyä, että olisi tietänyt aikaisemmin heittää tanssinsa?
Ettei hän vain tulisi myöhään!
Ja silloin hän tuntee: tuo nainen se on, joka hänen sydämensä vei,
kaikki kalpenee hänen rinnallaan, hän, hän, eikä kukaan muu!
*****
Nyt vasta hän tietää, mitä kuolema on! Nuo huulet, jotka ovat
häntä vastaan hymyilleet, tuo käsi, joka häntä on hyväillyt, tuo syli
johon hän on sulkeutunut — kaikki on kylmennyttä! Hänen
rakkaimpansa on ruumis, joka katselee häneen lasisella,
katkenneella silmällä. Sen silmän ilme on kamala. Se kahlehtii Elinan
paikalle, se seuraa häntä, vaikka hän jo on jättänyt maanalaisen
kellarin.