practicalsem 6.

nb 3

PRACTICAL 1

Make a geometric plot to show that the nth roots of unity are equally
spaced points that lie on the unit circle C1 (0) = {z: |z| = 1} and form the
vertices of a regular polygon with n sides, for n = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

Solvez ^ 5  1, z

z  1, z    115 , z   125 , z    135 , z   145 

roots  ComplexExpandSolvez ^ 5  1, z

z  1, z   , z   ,
1 5 5 5 1 5 5 5
     
4 4 8 8 4 4 8 8

z   , z   
1 5 5 5 1 5 5 5
     
4 4 8 8 4 4 8 8

z . roots

1, 
1 5 5 5 1 5 5 5
   ,    ,
4 4 8 8 4 4 8 8


1 5 5 5 1 5 5 5
    ,   
4 4 8 8 4 4 8 8

rootPlot  ListPlotRez, Imz . roots, PlotRange   1.1, 1.1,  1.1, 1.1,
AxesLabel  "Rez", "Imz", PlotStyle  PointSize0.03
Imz

1.0

0.5

Rez
1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0

0.5

1.0
4 practicalsem 6.nb

ShowrootPlot, GraphicsGreen, Circle0, 0, 1

Imz

1.0

0.5

Rez
1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0

0.5

1.0

  RegularPolygon8;
GraphicsPink, , GraphicsEdgeFormThick, Pink, 
 practicalsem 6.nb 5

 ,

GraphicsPolygonCirclePoints5
6 practicalsem 6.nb
 practicalsem 6.nb 7

PRACTICAL 2

Find all the solutions of the equation z3 = 8i and represent these

geometrically.

Solvez ^ 3  8 I, z

z   2 , z  2  116 , z  2  156 

roots  ComplexExpandSolvez ^ 3  8 I, z

z   2 , z    3 , z    3 

z . roots

 2 ,   3 ,  3 

rootPlot  ListPlotRez, Imz . roots, PlotRange   2.1, 2.1,  2.1, 2.1,
AxesLabel  "Rez", "Imz", PlotStyle  PointSize0.03
Imz
2

Rez
2 1 1 2

1

2

ShowrootPlot, GraphicsRed, Circle0, 0, 2

Imz
2

Rez
2 1 1 2

1

2

Q2
8 practicalsem 6.nb

Solvez ^ 4  9 I, z

z    118 3 , z   118 3 , z    158 3 , z   158 3 

roots  ComplexExpandSolvez ^ 4  9 I, z

z   3 Cos    3 Sin , z  3 Cos    3 Sin ,

   
8 8 8 8

z    3 Cos   3 Sin , z   3 Cos   3 Sin 

   
8 8 8 8

z . roots

 3 Cos    3 Sin , 3 Cos    3 Sin ,

   
8 8 8 8

  3 Cos   3 Sin ,  3 Cos   3 Sin 

   
8 8 8 8

rootPlot  ListPlotRez, Imz . roots, PlotRange   2.1, 2.1,  2.1, 2.1,
AxesLabel  "Rez", "Imz", PlotStyle  PointSize0.03
Imz
2

Rez
2 1 1 2

1

2

ShowrootPlot, GraphicsGreen, Circle0, 0, 1.7

Imz
2

Rez
2 1 1 2

1

2

Q3
Solvez ^ 5  7 I, z

z   715 , z   1110 715 , z    1310 715 , z    1710 715 , z   1910 715 
 practicalsem 6.nb 9

roots  ComplexExpandSolvez ^ 5  7 I, z

z   715 , z  715 5 715 ,

5 5 715 1
   
8 8 4 4

z   715 5 715 ,
5 5 715 1
   
8 8 4 4

z  715 5 715 , z   715 5 715 

5 5 715 1 5 5 715 1
       
8 8 4 4 8 8 4 4

z . roots

 715 , 715
5 5 715 1 5 5 715 1
    5 715 ,  715     5 715 ,
8 8 4 4 8 8 4 4

5 715 
5 5 715 1 5 5 715 1
715     5 715 ,  715    
8 8 4 4 8 8 4 4

rootPlot  ListPlotRez, Imz . roots, PlotRange   2.1, 2.1,  2.1, 2.1,
AxesLabel  "Rez", "Imz", PlotStyle  PointSize0.03
Imz
2

Rez
2 1 1 2

1

2

ShowrootPlot, GraphicsOrange, Circle0, 0, 1.5

Imz
2

Rez
2 1 1 2

1

2
10 practicalsem 6.nb

PRACTICAL 3

Write the parametric equations and make a parametric plot for an ellipse
centered at the origin with horizontal major axis of 4 units and vertical
minor axis of 2 units.Show the effect of rotation of the ellipse by and angle

6
radians and shifting of the centre from (0,0) to (2,1) by making a
parametric plot.

Clearr, s, t;
st_  2 Cos t   Sin t;
rt_  st  6  2  I;
ParametricPlotRest, Imst, t, 0, 2 , PlotStyle  Red,
PlotRange   2.1, 2.1,  1.05, 1.05, AspectRatio  1  2,
Ticks  Range 2, 2, 1, Range 2, 2, 1, AxesLabel  "x", "y"
Print"st", st, "for 0  t  2 .";
ParametricPlotRert, Imrt, t, 0, 2 ,
PlotStyle  Blue, PlotRange  0, 4,  0.5, 2.5, AspectRatio  3  4,
Ticks  Range0, 4, 1, Range0, 3, 1, AxesLabel  "u", "v"
Print"rt", rt, " for 0  t  2 ."

y
1

x
2 1 1 2

1

st2 Cost   Sintfor 0  t  2 .

 practicalsem 6.nb 11

0 u
1 2 3 4

2 Cost   Sint for 0  t  2 .


rt2     6
12 practicalsem 6.nb

Clearr, s, t;
st_  2 Cost  I Sint;
rt_  st I 3  1  I;
ParametricPlotRest, Imst, t, 0, 2 , PlotStyle  Red,
PlotRange   2.1, 2.1,  1.05, 1.05, AspectRatio  1  2,
Ticks  Range 2, 2, 1, Range 2, 2, 1, AxesLabel  "x", "y"
Print"st", st, " for 0  t  2 .";
ParametricPlotRert, Imrt, t, 0, 2 ,
PlotStyle  Blue, PlotRange  0, 4,  0.5, 2.5, AspectRatio  3  4,
Ticks  Range0, 4, 1, Range0, 3, 1, AxesLabel  "u", "v"
Print"rt", rt, " for 0  t  2 ."

y
1

x
2 1 1 2

1

st2 Cost   Sint for 0  t  2 .

0 u
1 2 3 4

2 Cost   Sint for 0  t  2 .


rt1     3
 practicalsem 6.nb 13

PRACTICAL 4

Show that the image of the open disk D1 (-1 - i ) = {z : |z + 1 + i | < 1}

under the linear transformation w = f(z) = (3 – 4i)z + 6 + 2i is the open disk:
D5 (-1 + 3i) = {w: |w + 1 – 3i| < 5}.

z  xIy
Solvew1  3  4 I z1  6  2 I, z1
A1  RegionPlotAbsz  1  I  1, x,  3, 3, y,  3, 3, BoundaryStyle  Dashed, Axes  True;
A2  RegionPlotAbsz  6  2 I  3  4 I  1  I  1,
x,  8, 8, y,  8, 8, BoundaryStyle  Dashed, Axes  True;
GraphicsRowA1, A2

xy

z1   10  3 w1  2   15  2 w1
1
25
14 practicalsem 6.nb

z  xIy
Solvew1  2  5 I z1  8  9 I, z1
A1  RegionPlotAbsz  2  I  1, x,  3, 3, y,  3, 3, BoundaryStyle  Dashed, Axes  True;
A2  RegionPlotAbsz  6  2 I  3  4 I  1  I  1,
x,  8, 8, y,  8, 8, BoundaryStyle  Dashed, Axes  True;
GraphicsRow
A1,
A2
xy

z1  29  2 w1    58  5 w1

1
29

2 5

0 0

1

2 5

3
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 5 0 5
 practicalsem 6.nb 15

PRACTICAL 5

Show that the image of the right half plane Re z = x > 1 under the linear
transformation w = (-1 + i)z – 2 + 3i is the half plane v > u + 7, where u =
Re(w), etc. Plot the map.

z  xIy
Solvew1   1  I z1  2  3 I, z1
A1  RegionPlotRez  1, x,  3, 3, y,  3, 3, Axes  True;
A2  RegionPlotRez  2  3 I   1  I  1, x,  7, 7, y,  7, 7, Axes  True;
GraphicsRowA1, A2

xy

z1   5   1  w1  w1

1
2
16 practicalsem 6.nb

z  xIy
Solvew1  2  I z1  2  4 I, z1
A1  RegionPlotRez  1, x,  5, 5, y,  5, 5, Axes  True;
A2  RegionPlotRez  2  7 I  1  I  1, x,  9, 9, y,  9, 9, Axes  True;
GraphicsRowA1, A2
xy

z1    10  w1  2 w1

1
5
 practicalsem 6.nb 17

PRACTICAL 6

Show that the image of the right half plane A = {z : Re z  12 } under the
mapping w = f (z) = 1
z
is the closed disk D1 1= {w : |w - 1|  1} in the w-
plane.

z  xIy
Solvew1  1  z1, z1
A1  RegionPlotRez  1  2, x,  3, 3, y,  3, 3;
A2  RegionPlotRe1  z  1  2, x,  3, 3, y,  3, 3;
GraphicsRowA1, A2

xy

z1  
1
w1
18 practicalsem 6.nb

z  xIy
Solvew1  3  2 z1, z1
A1  RegionPlotRez  1  2, x,  3, 3, y,  3, 3;
A2  RegionPlotRe1  z  1  2, x,  3, 3, y,  3, 3;
GraphicsRowA1, A2

xy

z1  
2 w1
3
 practicalsem 6.nb 19

PRACTICAL 7

Make a plot of the vertical lines x = a, for a = -1, -1/2,1/2,1 and the
horizontal lines y = b, for b = -1, -1/2,1/2,1 . Find the plot of this grid under
the mapping w = f (z) = 1z .

z  xIy
A1  ContourPlotAbsz  1  2  1  2, Absz  1  2  1  2,
Absz  1  4  1  4, Absz  1  4  1  4, Absz  I  2  1  2, Absz  I  2  1  2,
Absz  I  4  1  4, Absz  I  4  1  4, x,  1, 1, y,  1, 1, Axes  True;
A2  ContourPlotAbs1  z  1  2  1  2, Abs1  z  1  2  1  2,
Abs1  z  1  4  1  4, Abs1  z  1  4  1  4,
Abs1  z  I  2  1  2, Abs1  z  I  2  1  2, Abs1  z  I  4  1  4,
Abs1  z  I  4  1  4, x,  3, 3, y,  3, 3, Axes  True;
GraphicsRowA1, A2
xy

1.0 3

2
0.5
1

0.0 0

1
0.5
2
1.0 3
1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
20 practicalsem 6.nb

z  xIy
A1  ContourPlotAbsz  1  2  1  2, Absz  1  2  1  2,
Absz  1  4  1  4, Absz  1  4  1  4, Absz  I  2  1  2, Absz  I  2  1  2,
Absz  I  4  1  4, Absz  I  4  1  4, x,  1, 1, y,  1, 1, Axes  True;
A2  ContourPlotAbs1  z  1  2  1  2, Abs1  z  1  2  1  2,
Abs1  z  1  4  1  4, Abs1  z  1  4  1  4,
Abs1  z  I  2  1  2, Abs1  z  I  2  1  2, Abs1  z  I  4  1  4,
Abs1  z  I  4  1  4, x,  3, 3, y,  3, 3, Axes  True;
GraphicsRowA1, A2
xy

1.0 3

2
0.5
1

0.0 0

1
0.5
2
1.0 3
1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
 practicalsem 6.nb 21

PRACTICAL 8

Find a parametrization of the polygonal path C = C1 + C2 + C3 from -1 + i

to 3 - i, where C1 is the line from: -1 + i to -1, C2 is the line from: -1 to 1 + i
and C3 is the line from 1 + i to 3 - i. Make a plot of this path.

C1   1, 1  t;
C2   1  2  t, t;
C3  1  2  t, 1  2  t
ParametricPlotC1, C2, C3, t, 0, 1, PlotLabel  "C1", "C2", "C3", AxesLabel  x, y
1  2 t, 1  2 t

C1, C2, C3

y

1.0

0.5

x
1 1 2 3

0.5

1.0

Q
C1  1, 1  t;
C2  1  3  t, t;
C3  1  3  t, 1  2  t
ParametricPlotC1, C2, C3, t, 0, 1, PlotLabel  "C1", "C2", "C3", AxesLabel  x, y
1  3 t, 1  2 t

C1, C2, C3

y
3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

x
2 1 1 2 3 4
22 practicalsem 6.nb

PRACTICAL 9
i
Plot the line segment ‘L’ joining the point A = 0 to B = 2 + and give an
exact calculation of Lez z.
4

ParametricPlot2  t, Pi  4  t, t, 0, 1, AxesLabel  x, y, PlotLabel  "L"

L
y
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

x
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

z  xIy

xy

fz_ : Expz
gt_ : 2    4  t

 fgt  g 't  t
1

0

 1  2 4

Q
ParametricPlot3  t, Pi  2  t, t, 0, 1, AxesLabel  x, y, PlotLabel  "L"

L
y

1.5

1.0

0.5

x
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
 practicalsem 6.nb 23

fz_ : Expz
gt_ : 3    2  t

 fgt  g 't  t
1

0

3
1   2
24 practicalsem 6.nb

PRACTICAL 10

contour integral c z2

Plot the semicircle ‘C’ with radius 1 centered at z = 2 and evaluate the
1
z.

ParametricPlot2  Cost, Sint, t, 0, Pi, PlotLabel  "C"

C
1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

fz_ : 1  z  2
gt_ : 2  t

 fgt  g 't  t




Q
ParametricPlot3  Cost, Sint, t, 0, Pi, PlotLabel  "C"

C
1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

fz_ : 1  z  3
gt_ : 3  t

 fgt  g 't  t



 practicalsem 6.nb 25

PRACTICAL 11

Show that c z z=C z z = 4 + 2 i where C1 is the line segment from -1 - i

1 2

to 3 + i and C2 is the portion of the parabola x = y 2 + 2y joining -1 - i to 3 +

i. Make plots of two contours C1 and C2 joining -1 - i to 3 + i .

z  t z1  1  t z2
C1  ParametricPlot2 t  1, t, t,  1, 1, PlotLabel  "C1";
C2  ParametricPlott ^ 2  2  t, t, t,  1, 1, PlotLabel  "C2";
GraphicsRowC1, C2
t z1  1  t z2

C1 C2
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5

1 1 2 3 1 1 2 3
0.5 0.5
1.0 1.0

ClearAll;
fz_ : z
gt_ : 2 t  1  I t
ht_ : t ^ 2  2 t  I t

 fgt  g 't  t
1

1

 fht  h 't  t
1

1

42

42

Q
z  t z1  1  t z2
C1  ParametricPlot3 t  1, t, t,  1, 1, PlotLabel  "C1";
C2  ParametricPlott ^ 3  2  t, t, t,  1, 1, PlotLabel  "C2";
GraphicsRowC1, C2
t z1  1  t z2

C1 C2
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
2 1 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 1 2 3
1.0 1.0

Q
26 practicalsem 6.nb

z  t z1  1  t z2
C1  ParametricPlott  1, t, t,  1, 1, PlotLabel  "C1";
C2  ParametricPlott ^ 2  4  t, t, t,  1, 1, PlotLabel  "C2";
GraphicsRowC1, C2
t z1  1  t z2

C1
1.0
C2
0.5 1.0
0.5
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 0.5 2 4
0.5 1.0
1.0
 practicalsem 6.nb 27

PRACTICAL 12

Use ML inequality to show that c 21 z  1

, where C is the straight
z 1 2 5
line segment from 2 to 2 + i. While solving, represent the distance from the
point z to the points i and –i, respectively, i.e. |z – i| and |z + i| on the
complex plane ₵.

1
fz_ :
1z2
gt_ : 2  I t;

val   fgt  g 't  t;

1

0
ComplexExpandval
NAbsComplexExpandval
N1  2  Sqrt5
ShowGraphicsPurple, Arrow2, 0, 2, 1,
Red, Arrow2, 1, 0, 1, Green, Arrow2, 0, 0,  1, Blue,
Arrow2, 1  2, 0, 1, Magenta, Arrow2, 1  2, 0,  1, Axes  True
3 Log2 Log8
 ArcTan2    
8 2 4

0.187249

1.11803

1.0

0.5

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

0.5

1.0
28 practicalsem 6.nb

PRACTICAL 13

Show thatc 1
z,where z12 is the principal branch of the square root
2 z12
function and C is the line segment joining 4 to 8 + 6i. Also plot the path of
integration.

1
fz_ :
2  z12
gt_ : 4  4  6 I  t;

 fgt  g 't  t
1

ParametricPlot4  4 t, 6 t, t, 0, 1,

0

AxesOrigin  0, 0, AxesLabel  x, y, PlotLabel  "C"

1

C
y
6

x
2 4 6 8
 practicalsem 6.nb 29

PRACTICAL 14

f z  3 2 , involving powers of z.

Find and plot three different Laurent series representations for the function
2zz

fz_ : 3  2  z  z ^ 2;
L1  Seriesfz, z, 2, 10
L2  Seriesfz, z, 2, 4
L3  Seriesfz, z,  1, 12

z  22  z  23  z  24 

1 1 z2 1 1 1
   
z2 3 9 27 81 243
z  26 z  27 z  28 z  29 z  210
z  25 
1
     Oz  211
729 2187 6561 19 683 59 049 177 147

z  22  z  23  z  24  Oz  25

1 1 z2 1 1 1
   
z2 3 9 27 81 243

z  12  z  13  z  14  z  15 

1 1 z1 1 1 1 1
  
z1 3 9 27 81 243 729
z  16 z  17 z  18 z  19 z  110 z  111 z  112
       Oz  113
2187 6561 19 683 59 049 177 147 531 441 1 594 323

 Plot of Laurent series

PlotEvaluateTableNormalSeriesfz, z,  1, n, n, 3, z,  1, 6

1 1 2 3 4 5 6
30 practicalsem 6.nb

PlotEvaluateTableNormalSeriesfz, z, 2, n, n, 3, z, 2, 10

4 6 8 10

1

2

3

4

PlotEvaluateTableNormalSeriesfz, z,  1, n, n, 3, z, 2, 4

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

 practicalsem 6.nb 31

PRACTICAL 15
1
Locate the poles of f(z)= 5 z426 z2 5
and specify their orders.

ClearAll

ClearAll

1
fz_  ;
5 z4  26 z2  5
TransferFunctionPolesTransferFunctionModelfz, z

 5 
 
, ,  5 ,
5 5

N 1  Sqrt5

 0.447214

N Sqrt5

 2.23607

gz_  TransferFunctionModelfz, z

1 
5  26 z2  5 z4

RootLocusPlotgz, k, 0, 1, PlotRange   5, 5

32 practicalsem 6.nb

PRACTICAL 16
 cot z
Locate the zeros and poles of g(z)  and determine their order.
z2
Also justify that Res(g, 0) = -3/3.

Clearg;
  Cos z
gz_  ;
z2  Sin z
FullSimplifygz
 Cot z
z2

For zeroes of g[z],put Num=0 and solve for z

Solve  Cos  z  0, z

 2  C 1 
z  ConditionalExpression , C 1     ,

 2

 2  C 1 
z  ConditionalExpression , C 1     

2

TransferFunctionModelgz, z

, z
 Cot z
TransferFunctionModel
z2

For poles

Reducez2  Sin  z  0, z

C1  Integers && z  2 C1  z   z2  0

  2  C1


R1z_  NormalSeriesCot  z, z, 0, 10;

L1z_    z ^ 2  R1z

 
1 z 3 z3 2 5 z5 7 z7 2 9 z9
    
z 3 45 945 4725 93 555

z2

Res  ResidueL1z, z, 0

2

3
 practicalsem 6.nb 33

PRACTICAL 17

Evaluate c 0 exp2  z z, where C1 (0) denotes the circle: {z: |z|=1} with
positive orientation. Similarly evaluate c 0 4 31 2 z.
1

3 z z 2 z

ClearAll;
jz_  NormalSeriesExpz, z, 0, 10;

kz_  j 
2
z
4 4 2 8 4 4 2 4 2 2
1         
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 z
14 175 z 2835 z 315 z 315 z 45 z 15 z 3z 3z z

Res2  Residuekz, z, 0

, z, 0, 10
1
Mz_  NormalSeries
z4  z3  2 z 2
3 1 1 5z 11 z2 21 z3 43 z4 85 z5 171 z6 341 z7 683 z8 1365 z9 2731 z10
            
8 2 z2 4z 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192

1
tz_ 
z4  z3  2 z2
1
 2 z 2  z3  z4

TransferFunctionPolesTransferFunctionModeltz, z

, z
1
TransferFunctionPolesTransferFunctionModel
 2 z  z3  z4
2

Res1  Residuetz, z,  2

1

12

Res2  Residuetz, z, 0

1

4

Res3  Residuetz, z, 1

1
3

Integration is 2 Pi I   12   3
1 1 1
4
34 practicalsem 6.nb

Q
ClearAll;
jz_  NormalSeriesExpz, z, 0, 10;

kz_  j 
6
z
2916 972 1458 1944 324 324 54 36 18 6
1         
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 z
175 z 35 z 35 z 35 z 5z 5z z z z

Res2  Residuekz, z, 0

, z, 0, 10
1
Mz_  NormalSeries
z  z  4 z2
4 3

3 1 1 7z 5 z2 33 z3 13 z4
       
64 4 z2 16 z 256 1024 4096 16 384
119 z5 171 z6 305 z7 989 z8 231 z9 4187 z10
    
65 536 262 144 1 048 576 4 194 304 16 777 216 67 108 864

1
tz_ 
z  z  4 z2
4 3

1
4 z  z3  z4
2

Res1  Residuetz, z,  2

Res2  Residuetz, z, 0

1

16

Res3  Residuetz, z, 1