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Chapter 3 Social Groups

Chapter 3 discusses social groups, defining them as units of two or more individuals in reciprocal communication. It outlines characteristics of social groups, occasions for their formation, and various classifications by different authors, including primary and secondary groups, voluntary and involuntary groups, and ingroups and outgroups. The chapter emphasizes the importance of relationships, common interests, and group norms in the formation and functioning of social groups.

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8 views5 pages

Chapter 3 Social Groups

Chapter 3 discusses social groups, defining them as units of two or more individuals in reciprocal communication. It outlines characteristics of social groups, occasions for their formation, and various classifications by different authors, including primary and secondary groups, voluntary and involuntary groups, and ingroups and outgroups. The chapter emphasizes the importance of relationships, common interests, and group norms in the formation and functioning of social groups.

Uploaded by

snehilsingh2803
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER-3: SOCIAL GROUPS

A. General definition: Group is a unit of


two or more individuals who are in
reciprocal communication and
interaction with each other.

Social group definition according to


different authors

Bogardus: It is a number of units


anything in close proximity to one
another.

Mac Iver: Any collection of human


beings who are brought into social
relationships with one another.
CHAPTER-3: SOCIAL GROUPS

Components of Group
- a collection of individuals
- two or more
- interacting with each other
- who have common set of objectives
participate
- in similar activities

Characteristics of Social Group

1. Relationship: Members of group are


inter-related to each other. Reciprocal
relations
form an essential feature of a group.

2. Sense of Unity: The members of the


group are united by a sense of unity and a
feeling of a sympathy.

3. We-feeling: The members of a group


help each other and defend their interests
collectively.

4. Common interest: The interests and


ideas of the group are common. It is for
the realization of common interests that
they meet together.

5. Similar Behaviour: The members of a


group behave in a similar way for the
pursuit of common interest.

6. Group Norms: Every group has its own


rules or norms which the members are
supposed to follow.
CHAPTER-3: SOCIAL GROUPS

OCCASIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF GROUPS

i. Physiological kinship
ii. Marriage
iii. Religion
iv. Common language
v. Neighbourliness
vi. Occupational or economic interests
vii. Attainment of some occasions like school,
profession, club etc.
viii. Common dangers
ix. Mutual aid and so on.

Classification of Group
A) C.H Cooley- Cooley classified the groups on the
basis of kind of contact.

1. Primary Group- In a primary group there is face


to face and intimate relationship such as in the
family.

2. Secondary Group- In the secondary group such


as a political party the relationships are indirect,
secondary or impersonal.
CHAPTER-3: SOCIAL GROUPS

B) According to Dwight Anderson-

a) Involuntary group is based on kinship


such as family. A man has no choice to
what family he will belong.

b) Voluntary group is one which a man


joins of his own volition. He agrees to be a
member of it and is free to withdraw at
any time from its membership.

c) Delegate group is one which a man


joins as' a representative of a number of
people either elected by them or
nominated by some power. Parliament is
a delegate group.

C) According to Sorokin-

1. Vertical group- Vertical groups are


small divisions such as economic classes.
Status keeps on moving up and down.

2. Horizontal Group- Horizontal groups


are large, inclusive of groups such as
nations, religions, organization political
parties etc. Here status doesn’t change.
CHAPTER-3: SOCIAL GROUPS

D) According to W.G. Summer-

1. Ingroup- Ingroup is the group with which


the individual identifies himself, his family,
tribe, sex, college, occupation, religion, etc.
by virtue of his awareness of likeness.

2. Outgroup- Outgroup is defined in contrast


between 'they' and 'we', like we are
democrats and they are communists

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