1

Mohd Adnan (ASB/BBA/23/035)

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Index
Practical Practical Objective Date Remark Faculty
No. Sign
1 Practical Use of Search Engines.
Practical Use of Electronic Mail Service.
(i) Show steps to create Email account in Gmail.
2
(ii) Show steps to send and access received emails using
Gmail.
(iii) Show steps to store and retrieve files/documents in google
drive.
Introduction to MS Word and its Features.
(i) Prepare a Letter Head Using MS Word.
(ii) Create a bill using MS Word.
3
(iii) Create a one-page article on Types of viruses using double
column page in MS Word.
(iv) Create an invitation card for an event using page borders.
Introduction to MS Excel and its Features.
(i) Create MS Excel sheet to create attendance register of
employees.
4
(ii) Create MS Excel sheet to create mark sheet of students.
(iii) Create MS Excel sheet to create Pie Chart and Bar chart for
any data.
(iv) Create MS Excel sheet to create daily sale report.
Introduction to MS Power Point and its Features.
(i) Create a Power Point Presentation for Application of Digital
5 Financial Services and Electronic payment system. Show
STEPS to take Print Outs and save as PDF of
presentation/handouts.
(ii) Create a Power point Presentation, add charts and
animation for Mobile app based operations, Modern functions
of smart phones, Android phone applications etc.
6 Practical Use of Social Media platforms: Facebook, Linkedin
and Twitter.
(i) Show steps to create Facebook, LinkedIn and twitter
account.
(ii) Show Steps to post messages using Social media
account. (iii) Create a Facebook page.
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7. Create poster using online platform like Canva.

8 Create a Blogging account using Wordpress.
(i) Write a blog for Network security & its application.
(ii) Write a blog for Online Transaction and Trading
9 Prepare a report on Mobile computing & its
application.
10 Create a Web Page Using MS Word.
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Practical-01
Objectives: Practical Use of Search Engines.

Theory: Search engines have fundamentally altered how we access and utilize information,
becoming indispensable tools in our daily lives. Primarily, they serve as powerful resources for
information gathering and research. Whether for academic pursuits, general knowledge
acquisition, or staying informed about current events, search engines provide rapid access to a
vast repository of data. Students and researchers rely on them to find scholarly articles and
academic databases, while individuals use them to explore personal interests or stay updated on
global news. The ability to compare products and services before purchasing also empowers
consumers to make informed decisions.
Beyond information retrieval, search engines are crucial for practical tasks and problem solving.
They enable users to troubleshoot technical issues, locate local services, and navigate unfamiliar
areas. "How-to" guides and tutorials found through search engines facilitate skill development in
various fields, from cooking to complex technical procedures. Furthermore, while not a substitute
for professional medical advice, they offer access to health-related information, allowing
individuals to research medical conditions and treatments. In essence, search engines streamline
everyday tasks, making them more efficient and accessible.
In addition to their practical uses, search engines play a significant role in entertainment and
communication. They allow users to discover and access music, movies, and online content,
enhancing leisure activities. Social media platforms and online communities are easily accessible
through search engines, fostering communication and connection with others. Moreover, in the
professional realm, search engines are vital for market research, job searching, and online
marketing. Businesses utilize them to analyse industry trends and competitor information, while
individuals leverage them to find job opportunities and network with professionals. Thus, search
engines are woven into the fabric of both our personal and professional lives, facilitating
information access and connectivity.
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Steps: Using a search engine is a common online activity, but there are ways to optimize your
searches for better results. Here's a breakdown of the typical steps involved:

1. Open a Web Browser and Access a Search Engine:

• Start by opening your preferred web browser (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge).
• Then, navigate to the search engine's website (e.g., google.com, bing.com,
duckduckgo.com). Many browsers also have the search engine integrated directly into the
address bar.

2. Enter Your Search Query:

• In the search bar, type the words or phrases that describe what you're looking for. These
are called "keywords."

• Consider using specific and descriptive language to narrow down your results.

3. Refine Your Search (Optional):

• Use quotation marks: To search for an exact phrase, enclose it in quotation marks (e.g.,
"history of ancient Rome").
• Use Boolean operators: Words like "AND," "OR," and "NOT" can help combine or exclude
keywords.
• Use the minus sign (-): To exclude a word from your search, put a minus sign before it
(e.g., jaguar -car).
• Use search engine specific tools: Many search engines have tools to filter searches by date,
location, file type, and more.

4. Review the Search Results:

• The search engine will display a list of web pages and other resources that match your
query.

• Scan the titles and descriptions of the results to find those that seem most relevant.

5. Click on a Result:
• Click on the link to a web page to open it in your browser.
• If the page doesn't contain the information you need, return to the search results and try
another link.

6. Further Refinement or New Search:

• If the first page or set of pages do not provide the information needed, either refine the
search terms, or begin a new search.
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• It is very common to have to adjust search terms multiple times to find the correct
information.

Output: Screenshot of Google search Query

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Practical-02
Objective: Practical Use of Electronic Mail Service.

Steps: Electronic mail (email) is a cornerstone of modern communication. Here's a breakdown of

the practical steps involved in using an email service:

1. Setting Up an Email Account:

• Choose a Provider:

o Select an email service provider (e.g., Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo Mail, ProtonMail).

o Consider factors like storage space, security features, and ease of use.

• Create an Account:
o Visit the provider's website and follow the registration process. o Choose a unique

email address and a strong password. o Provide any required personal

information.

2. Composing an Email:
• Open Your Email Client: o Access your email through a web browser or a dedicated email

application.

• Compose a New Message: o Click the "Compose" or "New Email" button.

• Enter Recipient's Address:

o Type the recipient's email address in the "To" field. o Use "Cc" (carbon copy) to
send a copy to others, or "Bcc" (blind carbon copy) to send a copy without revealing
their addresses.

• Write a Subject Line: o Create a concise and informative subject line.

• Write the Email Body:

o Type your message in the main body of the email.

o Use clear and polite language.

• Add Attachments (Optional): o Click the paperclip icon to attach files, images, or

documents.

3. Sending and Receiving Emails:

• Review and Send:
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o Proofread your email for errors before sending.

o Click the "Send" button.

• Check Your Inbox:

o Regularly check your inbox for new emails.

o Organize your emails using folders or labels.

• Reply, Reply All, or Forward:

o Use "Reply" to respond to the sender. o Use "Reply All" to respond to everyone in

the email thread. o Use "Forward" to send the email to someone else.

4. Managing Your Email:

• Organize Emails:

o Create folders or labels to categorize emails.

o Use filters to automatically sort incoming emails.

• Delete Unnecessary Emails:

o Regularly delete unwanted emails to free up storage space.

• Manage Spam: o Mark spam emails as junk to help your email provider filter them.

• Email security:
o Be aware of phishing attempts. Do not click on links or open attachments from
unknown senders.

1. Steps to create account Email account in Gmail:

Creating a Gmail account is a straightforward process. Here are the steps:
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1. Go to the Gmail Signup Page:

o Open your web browser and navigate to the Gmail signup page:
accounts.google.com/signup

2. Enter Your Personal Information:

o You'll be asked to provide your first and last name. o Choose a username for your
Gmail address. This will be the part before "@gmail.com". Gmail will inform you if
the username is already taken, and provide suggestions. o Create a strong password
and confirm it. o Enter your birthday and gender. o You may be asked to provide a
phone number for account recovery and security purposes.

3. Review the Privacy and Terms:

o Read Google's Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

o If you agree, click "I agree."

4. Verify Your Phone Number (Optional but Recommended):

o If you provided a phone number, Google will send you a verification code via text
message or voice call. o Enter the code to verify your phone number. This step
enhances the security of your account.

5. Welcome to Gmail!
o Once your account is created, you'll be directed to your new Gmail inbox. o

You can then begin to explore the Gmail interface, and customize settings.
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2.
Steps to send and access received emails using Gmail:
Using Gmail to send and access received emails is a fundamental skill in today's digital
communication. Here's a step-by-step guide:

Sending an Email:
1. Open Gmail:
Access Gmail through your web browser by going to mail.google.com, or open the
Gmail app on your mobile device.
2. Compose a New Email:
o Click the "Compose" button (usually a "+ Compose" button on the top left of the
screen on a computer, or a compose icon on the lower right of the screen on a mobile
device). 3. Enter Recipient's Email Address:
o In the "To" field, type the email address of the person you want to send the email
to. o You can also add addresses to the "Cc" (carbon copy) and "Bcc" (blind carbon copy)
fields.

4. Add a Subject:
o In the "Subject" field, type a brief description of the email's
content. 5. Write Your Message:
o In the large text box below the subject field, type your email
message. 6. Add Attachments (Optional):
o If you want to include files, click the paperclip icon at the
bottom of the compose window and select the files you want to attach. 7.
Send the Email:
o Click the "Send" button.
Accessing Received Emails:
1. Open Gmail: o Access Gmail through your web browser or the Gmail app. 2.
Check Your Inbox:
o Your inbox is the default view when you open Gmail. It displays a list of your
received emails.
3. Open an Email:
o Click on an email in your inbox to open and read its contents. 4. Reply,
Reply All, or Forward:
o To reply to the sender, click the "Reply" button. o To reply to the sender
and all other recipients, click the "Reply all" button. o To forward the email to
someone else, click the "Forward" button.
5. Organize Your Emails:
o You can use labels, folders, and filters to organize your emails.
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o You can also delete emails that you no longer need.

3. Steps to store and retrieve files/documents in google drive:

Google Drive is a very useful cloud storage service. Here's a breakdown of how to store and
retrieve files/documents within it:

Storing Files/Documents:

• Access Google Drive:

Open your web browser and go to drive.google.com, or open the Google Drive app
on your mobile device.

o Ensure you're logged in to your Google account.

• Upload Files:

o On a computer:

 Click the "+ New" button (usually located in the top-left corner).
 Select "File upload" or "Folder upload" depending on whether you want to
upload individual files or entire folders.

 Choose the files or folders from your computer and click "Open."
 Alternatively, you can drag and drop files from your computer directly into
your Google Drive window.

o On a mobile device:

 Tap the "+" icon.

 Select "Upload."

 Choose the files from your device's storage.

• Create New Documents:

o Google Drive allows you to create Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides directly. o Click
the "+ New" button and select the type of document you want to create.

• Organize Your Files:

o Create folders to organize your files.

o You can move files between folders by dragging and dropping them.

Retrieving Files/Documents:
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• Navigate Google Drive:

o Use the folder structure on the left-hand side of the screen to navigate to the location
of your files.
• Search for Files:
o Use the search bar at the top of the Google Drive interface to search for files by
name or content.

• Download Files:

Right-click (or tap and hold on a mobile device) on the file you want to download.

o Select "Download." o The file will be downloaded to your device.

• Open Google Documents:

o Click on a Google Doc, Sheet, or Slide to open it directly in your browser or the
app.

• Recovering Deleted Files:

o Files deleted from google drive, go to the trash folder. Files in the trash folder, can
be restored. Files are permanently deleted after 30 days of being in the trash folder.
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Practical-03
Objective: Introduction to MS Word and its Features.
Microsoft Word is a word processing software developed by Microsoft Corporation. It is one of
the most widely used word processing software in the world. Here are some of the features of MS
Word:

a) Document creation: MS Word allows users to create and edit documents, such

as letters, reports, resumes, and other types of documents.

b) Formatting: MS Word provides a wide range of formatting options, such as font

styles, sizes, colors, and effects. Users can also format paragraphs, headings, and
other elements of a document.

c) Templates: MS Word provides a variety of templates that users can use to create
documents quickly and easily. These templates include resumes, cover letters,
business letters, and other types of documents.

d) Collaboration: MS Word allows users to collaborate on documents in real- time.

Multiple users can work on the same document simultaneously, and changes are
automatically saved and synced.

e) Spell check and grammar check: MS Word includes a built-in spell check and
grammar check feature that helps users to identify and correct spelling and
grammar errors in their documents.

f) Tables and charts: MS Word allows users to create tables and charts to organize

and present data in a clear and concise manner.

g) Images and graphics: MS Word allows users to insert images and graphics into

their documents, such as photos, clip art, and other types of images.

h) Page layout: MS Word provides a variety of page layout options, such as

margins, page orientation, and page size. Users can also add headers, footers, and
page numbers to their documents.

i) Printing: MS Word allows users to print their documents, either on a local printer
or on a network printer.
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1. Steps to prepare a Invoice on MS Word:

Creating an invoice in Microsoft Word can be a practical solution, especially for smaller businesses
or freelancers. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you prepare an invoice:

1. Open Microsoft Word:

• Launch Microsoft Word on your computer.

2. Use a Template (Recommended):

• Word offers pre-designed invoice templates, which can save you a lot of time.

o Go to "File" > "New."

o In the search bar, type "invoice" and press Enter.

o Browse the available templates and select one that suits your needs.

o Click "Create" to open the template.

3. Customize the Template (or Create from Scratch):

• Company Information:
o Replace the placeholder text with your company's name, address, phone number, email
address, and logo (if you have one).

• Client Information:

o Add the client's name, company name (if applicable), address, and contact details.

• Invoice Details:

o Invoice Number: Assign a unique invoice number for tracking purposes.

o Invoice Date: Enter the date the invoice was issued.

o Due Date: Specify the payment due date.

• Itemized List:

o Use a table to create an itemized list of the products or services provided.

o Include the following columns:

 Description

 Quantity
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 Unit Price

 Total o Calculate the total for each item and the overall total.

• Payment Information:

o Include your preferred payment methods (e.g., bank transfer, credit card, PayPal).

o Provide any necessary payment instructions.

• Terms and Conditions (Optional):

o Add any relevant terms and conditions, such as late payment fees or warranty information.

• Notes (Optional): o Include any additional notes or messages for the client.

4. Formatting and Design:

• Adjust the fonts, colors, and layout to match your company's branding.

• Ensure the invoice is clear, concise, and easy to read.

• use tables to organize the information.

5. Save and Send:

• Save the invoice as a Word document (.docx) for future editing.
• It's also recommended to save it as a PDF (.pdf) to ensure the formatting remains consistent when
sent to the client.

• Send the invoice to the client via email.

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Practical-04
Objective: Introduction to MS Excel and its Features.
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet software developed by Microsoft Corporation. It is one of the most
widely used spreadsheet software in the world. Here are some of the features of MS Excel:

a) Data entry: MS Excel allows users to enter and edit data in a spreadsheet

format. Users can enter text, numbers, and formulas into cells.

b) Formulas and functions: MS Excel provides a wide range of formulas and

functions that users can use to perform calculations and analyze data. These
formulas and functions include arithmetic operations, statistical functions, and
financial functions.

c) Charts and graphs: MS Excel allows users to create charts and graphs to
visualize data in a clear and concise manner. Users can choose from a variety of
chart types, such as bar charts, line charts, and pie charts.

d) Formatting: MS Excel provides a wide range of formatting options, such as

font styles, sizes, colors, and effects. Users can also format cells, rows, and
columns to make their data more readable.

e) Sorting and filtering: MS Excel allows users to sort and filter data based on
specific criteria. This makes it easy to find and analyze data that meets certain
conditions.

f) Pivot tables: MS Excel allows users to create pivot tables, which are powerful
tools for summarizing and analyzing large amounts of data. Pivot tables allow
users to group and summarize data in a variety of ways.

g) Collaboration: MS Excel allows users to collaborate on spreadsheets in

realtime. Multiple users can work on the same spreadsheet simultaneously, and
changes are automatically saved and synced.

h) Macros: MS Excel allows users to create macros, which are automated scripts
that can perform repetitive tasks. Macros can save time and increase productivity.
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MS Excel is a powerful spreadsheet software that provides a wide range of features and tools
for analysing and organizing data. It is widely used in business, education, and personal
settings, and is an essential tool for anyone who needs to work with data on a regular basis.

1. Create MS Excel sheet to create attendance register of employees:

Creating an employee attendance register in Microsoft Excel is a practical way to track attendance.
Here's a step-by-step guide:

1. Open Microsoft Excel:

• Launch Microsoft Excel on your computer.

2. Set Up the Header Row:

• In the first row (Row 1), create the following headers:

o A1: Employee ID
o B1: Employee Name
o C1: Date (or you can use a series of date columns)
o D1, E1, F1, etc.: If tracking daily attendance, add a date for each workday.
o You can add more headers like "Department," "Designation," "Remarks," etc., as needed.
• Format the header row (e.g., bold, different background color) for clarity.

3. Enter Employee Data:

• Starting from the second row (Row 2), enter the employee data:
o Column A: Employee ID

o Column B: Employee Name

o Continue entering employee data for all employees.

4. Add Dates (If Using Daily Columns):

• If you're tracking daily attendance, enter the dates in the header row (C1, D1, E1, etc.).

• You can use Excel's autofill feature to quickly generate a series of dates.

o Enter the first date in the first date cell.

o Click and drag the small square at the bottom-right corner of the cell to fill in the
subsequent dates.

5. Enter Attendance Data:

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• In the cells corresponding to each employee and date, enter the attendance status (e.g., "P" for
Present, "A" for Absent, "L" for Late, "H" for Holiday, etc.).

• You could also use “1” for present, and “0” for absent if you want to use numerical data.

6. Formatting and Enhancements:

• Conditional Formatting:
o Use conditional formatting to highlight specific attendance statuses (e.g., red for absent,
green for present).
o Select the attendance data cells.
o Go to "Home" > "Conditional Formatting."

o Choose a rule (e.g., "Highlight Cells Rules" > "Equal to").

o Enter the attendance status and choose a formatting style.

• Freeze Panes:
o If you have many employees or dates, freeze the header row and employee name column
to keep them visible while scrolling.

o Select the cell below the header row and to the right of the employee’s name column.

o Go to "View" > "Freeze Panes" > "Freeze Panes."

• Add Totals (Optional):

o Add a column to calculate the total number of present days for each employee.

o Use the COUNTIF function to count the number of "P" entries.

o Add a row to calculate the total number of present employees per day.

o Use the COUNTIF function to count the number of "P" entries.

• Create a Summary Sheet (Optional):

o Create a separate sheet to summarize attendance data (e.g., monthly attendance, employee
attendance summaries).

o You can use SUMIFS, COUNTIFS, and PIVOT tables to create the summary.

• Use Data Validation:

o To make sure that only valid entries are input into the attendance cells, use data validation.

o Select the range of attendance cells.

o Go to “Data” -> “Data Validation”

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o Select “List” from the “Allow” dropdown.

o Enter the valid entries (P, A, L, H) separated by commas.

• Table Formatting: o Convert the data into a table.

o Select all the data.

o Go to "Insert" -> "Table".

o This will allow for easier sorting and filtering.

7. Save Your File:

• Save your Excel file with a descriptive name (e.g., "Employee Attendance Register").
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Practical-05
Objective: Introduction to MS Power Point and its Features.
Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation software developed by Microsoft Corporation. It is one of the

most widely used presentation software in the world.

Here are some of the features of MS PowerPoint:

• Slide creation: MS PowerPoint allows users to create and edit slides for
presentations. Users can add text, images, and other types of content to their
slides.

• Templates: MS PowerPoint provides a variety of templates that users can use

to create presentations quickly and easily. These templates include themes,
backgrounds, and slide layouts.

• Formatting: MS PowerPoint provides a wide range of formatting options, such

as font styles, sizes, colors, and effects. Users can also format shapes, images,
and other elements of a slide.

• Transitions and animations: MS PowerPoint allows users to add transitions

and animations to their slides to make their presentations more engaging and
dynamic.

• Multimedia support: MS PowerPoint allows users to add multimedia

elements to their presentations, such as videos, audio files, and images.

• Collaboration: MS PowerPoint allows users to collaborate on presentations in

real-time. Multiple users can work on the same presentation simultaneously,

and changes are automatically saved and synced.

• Presenter view: MS PowerPoint provides a presenter view that allows users to

view their notes and upcoming slides while presenting. This makes it easier to
deliver presentations and stay on track.

• Sharing and exporting: MS PowerPoint allows users to share their

presentations with others by exporting them to a variety of formats, such as
PDF, video, and image files.

1. Steps to create a Business Pitch presentation:

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Creating a compelling business pitch presentation is crucial for securing investment, partnerships, or
even just generating interest in your idea. Here's a breakdown of the steps:
1. Understand Your Audience:
• Research: Before crafting your pitch, understand who you're presenting to. What are their interests,
concerns, and investment criteria?
• Tailor: Customize your presentation to resonate with your specific audience.
2.Define Your Core Message:
• Problem: Clearly state the problem your business solves.
• Solution: Explain how your product or service addresses that problem.
• Value Proposition: Highlight the unique benefits and value you offer.
• Keep it Concise: Focus on the most essential information.
3. Structure Your Presentation:
• Hook (1-2 slides):
o Start with a captivating opening that grabs attention. This could be a compelling statistic, a
relatable story, or a thought-provoking question.
• Problem (1-2 slides):
o Clearly define the problem you're addressing. Explain its significance and impact.
• Solution (2-3 slides):
o Introduce your product or service as the solution. Describe its features and how it works.
• Market Opportunity (2-3 slides): o Present data on the market size, growth potential, and target
audience.
• Business Model (1-2 slides): o Explain how your business generates revenue.
• Competitive Analysis (1-2 slides):
o Show how your business stands out from the competition. Highlight your competitive
advantages.
• Team (1-2 slides): o Introduce your team and highlight their relevant experience and expertise.
• Financials (1-2 slides):
o Present key financial projections, including revenue, expenses, and profitability.
• Ask/Call to Action (1 slide):
o Clearly state what you're asking for (e.g., investment, partnership).
o Provide clear next steps.
• Q&A (Allocate time): o Prepare for potential questions and be ready to provide thoughtful
answers.
4. Design Your Slides:
• Visuals: Use high-quality images, charts, and graphs to illustrate your points.
• Text: Keep text to a minimum. Use bullet points and concise phrases.
• Consistency: Maintain a consistent design throughout your presentation.
• Readability: Use clear fonts and sufficient contrast.
5. Practice Your Delivery:
• Rehearse: Practice your presentation multiple times to ensure a smooth and confident delivery.
• Timing: Time your presentation to stay within the allotted time.
23

• Eye Contact: Maintain eye contact with your audience.

• Enthusiasm: Show your passion for your business.
• Voice Modulation: Vary your tone and pace to keep the audience engaged.
6. Key Elements to Include:
• Executive Summary: A brief overview of your business.
• Market Validation: Evidence that there is a demand for your product or service.
• Traction (if applicable): Any early successes or milestones achieved.
• Scalability: Demonstrate the potential for growth.
7. Tools and Resources:
• Presentation Software: Microsoft PowerPoint, Google Slides, Keynote, Canva. •
Design Resources: Unsplash, Pexels, Freepik.
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Practical-06
Objective: Practical Use of Social Media platforms: Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter.
Here are some practical uses of social media platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter:

1. Facebook: Facebook is a social media platform that allows users to connect with friends and

family, share photos and videos, and join groups and communities.

Some practical uses of Facebook include:

• Staying in touch with friends and family who live far away.
• Sharing news and updates with a large group of people.
• Joining groups and communities related to hobbies, interests, or professional networks.
• Promoting a business or organization through a Facebook page.
• Advertising products or services to a targeted audience.

2. LinkedIn: LinkedIn is a social media platform that is designed for professional networking and

job searching. Some practical uses of LinkedIn include:

• Building a professional network of contacts and connections.

• Searching for job opportunities and applying for jobs.
• Showcasing skills and experience through a LinkedIn profile.
• Joining groups and communities related to a specific industry or profession.
• Promoting a business or organization through a LinkedIn page.

3. Twitter: Twitter is a social media platform that allows users to share short
messages, called tweets, with a large audience. Some practical uses of Twitter
include:
• Sharing news and updates with a large group of people.
• Following and engaging with thought leaders and influencers in a specific industry or profession.
• Promoting a business or organization through a Twitter account.
• Participating in real-time conversations and events, such as conferences or
• live-tweeting during a TV show or sporting event.
• Conducting market research by monitoring conversations and trends related to a specific topic or

industry.

Overall, social media platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter can be used for a variety
of practical purposes, including staying in touch with friends and family, building professional
25

networks, promoting businesses or organizations, and conducting market research. It is important to

use social media platforms responsibly and to be mindful of privacy and security concerns.
1. Steps to create account on Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter:
Creating accounts on Facebook, LinkedIn, and X (formerly Twitter) is a standard practice for
personal and professional networking. Here's a general outline of the steps involved for each
platform:

1. Facebook:
• Go to the Facebook Website or App:
o Open your web browser and go to facebook.com, or download the Facebook app from your
device's app store.

• Sign Up:

o Click on "Create New Account."

o Enter your personal information, including your name, email address or phone number,
password, date of birth, and gender.

• Verify Your Account:

o Facebook may require you to verify your email address or phone number through a
verification code.

• Complete Your Profile:

o Add a profile picture, cover photo, and other relevant information to your profile.
o You can then begin to find and add friends.

2. LinkedIn:
26

• Go to the LinkedIn Website or App:

o Open your web browser and go to linkedin.com, or download the LinkedIn app.

• Join Now:
o Click on "Join now."

o Enter your email address or phone number and create a password.

• Enter Personal and Professional Information:

o Provide your name, current job title, and company.

o You may be asked to provide your location and industry.

• Verify Your Account:

o LinkedIn may require you to verify your email address.

• Complete Your Profile:

o Add a profile picture, work experience, education, and skills.

o Begin connecting with professionals in your network.

3. X (formerly Twitter):
• Go to the X Website or App:

o Open your web browser and go to x.com, or download the X app.

• Sign Up:
o Click on "Sign up."

o Enter your name, phone number or email address, and date of birth.
27

• Create a Username (Handle):

o Choose a unique username (handle) for your account.

• Verify Your Account:

o X may require you to verify your phone number or email address.

• Complete Your Profile:

o Add a profile picture, bio, and website (optional).

o Begin following accounts that interest you.

2. Steps to post messages using social media account.

Here are the steps to post messages using social media accounts:

Posting messages on Facebook:

• Log in to your Facebook account: Go to www.facebook.com and log in to your account.

• Click on Post Click on the Create Post box at the top of your news feed or timeline.
• Write your message: Write your message in the text box. You can also add photos, videos, or links

to your post.

• Choose your audience: Choose who you want to see your post by selecting the audience from the

drop-down menu.

• Click on the Post button to publish your message.

Posting messages on LinkedIn:

• Log in to your LinkedIn account: Go to www.linkedin.com and log in to your account.

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• Click on the Start a post box at the top of your news feed or profile.
• Write your message: Write your message in the text box. You can also add photos, videos, or links

to your post.

• Choose your audience: Choose who you want to see your post by selecting the audience from the

drop-down menu.

• Click on Post button to publish your message.

Posting messages on Twitter:

• Log in to your Twitter account: Go to www.twitter.com and log in to your account.

• Click on the Tweet button at the top of your news feed or profile.
• Write your message: Write your message in the text box. You can also add photos, videos, or links

to your tweet.

• Choose your audience: Choose who you want to see your tweet by
• selecting the audience from the drop-down menu.
• Click on Tweet button to publish your message.
3. Steps to create a Facebook Page:

Here are the steps to create a Facebook page:

a) Log in to your Facebook account: Go to www.facebook.com and log in to your account.

b) Click on the Create button in the top right corner of the screen.
c) Select Page from the drop-down menu.
d) Choose the type of page you want to create, such as Business or Brand or Community or Public
Figure. e) Enter page details: Enter the name of your page and select a category that best describes
your page.
f) Add a profile picture: Add a profile picture for your page. This can be a logo or other image
that represents your page.
g) Add a cover photo: Add a cover photo for your page. This is a larger image that appears at
the top of your page.
h) Complete your page setup: Follow the prompts to complete your page setup, such as adding
a description, contact information, and other details.
i) Customize your page: Customize your page by adding tabs, sections, and other features that
are relevant to your page.
j) Publish your page: Once your page is complete, click on the Publish button to make
your page live.
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Practical-07
1. Poster using Canva
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Practical-08
Objective: Create a blogging account using Wordpress

Steps:
a. Choose Your Platform:
• WordPress.com: This is a hosted platform, meaning WordPress handles the hosting for you. It's
generally easier for beginners.
• WordPress.org: This is the self-hosted version. You'll need to find your own web hosting
provider. This offers more flexibility and control.
b. Choose a Domain Name and Hosting (if using WordPress.org):
• Your domain name is your website's address (e.g., yourblog.com).
• Web hosting is where your website's files are stored.
c. Install WordPress (if using WordPress.org):
• Many web hosting providers offer one-click WordPress installation.
d. Choose a Theme:
• WordPress offers a vast library of themes, which control the look and feel of your blog.
Choose one that suits your style and content.
e. Customize Your Blog:
• Customize your theme's settings, add your logo, and create essential pages like "About" and
"Contact."
f. Start Blogging:
• Create your first blog post!

2. Steps to write a blog for Network Security using WordPress:

Title: Fortifying the Digital Frontier: Understanding Network Security and its Vital Applications

Introduction: In our increasingly interconnected world, where data flows seamlessly across
networks, the importance of robust network security cannot be overstated. From personal
information to critical business data, the digital realm is a treasure trove of valuable assets,
making it a prime target for cyber threats. This blog post delves into the core concepts of
network security and explores its diverse applications in safeguarding our digital lives.

What is Network Security?

Network security encompasses the policies, procedures, and technologies implemented to
protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer networks and their data. It's
a multi-layered approach designed to prevent unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or
denial of computer networks and network-accessible resources.

Key Network Security Threats:

The digital landscape is fraught with potential dangers, including:
• Malware: Viruses, worms, and ransomware that can corrupt or destroy data.
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• Phishing: Deceptive tactics used to steal sensitive information.

• Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks: Overwhelming networks with traffic to disrupt services.
• Unauthorized Access: Intruders gaining entry to systems without permission.
• Data Interception: Eavesdropping on data transmissions.

Essential Network Security Measures:

To combat these threats, organizations and individuals employ a range of security measures:
• Firewalls: Act as barriers between trusted and untrusted networks.
• Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS): Monitor network traffic for suspicious activity.
• Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): Encrypt internet traffic for secure communication.
• Encryption: Scrambling data to prevent unauthorized access.
• Access Control: Limiting user access to specific resources.
• Security Software: Antivirus, anti-malware, and other protective tools.

Applications of Network Security:

Network security plays a crucial role in various sectors:
• Business: Protecting sensitive customer data, financial records, and intellectual property.
• Finance: Securing online banking, trading platforms, and financial transactions.
• Healthcare: Safeguarding patient medical records and ensuring secure data exchange.
• Government: Protecting critical infrastructure and sensitive government information.
• Personal Use: Securing home networks, online accounts, and personal devices. •
• IoT Security: securing the growing number of internet of things devices.

Best Practices for Enhanced Network Security:

• Regularly update software and systems.
• Use strong, unique passwords.
• Educate users about security best practices.
• Implement multi-factor authentication.
• Conduct regular security audits.
• Maintain regular data backups.
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Practical-09
Objective: Prepare a report on Mobile computing; its application.
Mobile computing has revolutionized how we interact with technology, enabling access to
information and services anytime, anywhere. This report explores the core concepts of mobile
computing, its key components, and its widespread applications across various sectors. It also
touches upon the challenges and future trends shaping this dynamic field.

1. Introduction:
Mobile computing refers to the ability to use computing devices while mobile. It involves a combination
of:

• Mobile communication: Wireless networks enabling data transmission.

• Mobile hardware: Portable devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops.

• Mobile software: Applications designed for mobile devices.

This technology has transformed communication, commerce, entertainment, and numerous other aspects
of daily life.

2. Key Components:

• Mobile Devices:

o Smartphones: Multifunctional devices with advanced computing capabilities.

o Tablets: Portable devices with larger screens for enhanced usability.

o Laptops: Portable computers for more demanding tasks.

o Wearable Devices: Smartwatches, fitness trackers, and other devices worn on the body.

• Wireless Networks:

o Cellular networks (3G, 4G, 5G): Provide wide-area connectivity.

o Wi-Fi: Enables local wireless network access.

o Bluetooth: Facilitates short-range wireless communication.

• Mobile Software:

o Operating systems (Android, iOS): Manage mobile device resources.

o Mobile applications (apps): Provide specific functionalities.

o Cloud computing: Provides remote data storage and processing.

3. Applications of Mobile Computing:

• Communication:
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o Voice and video calls.

o Instant messaging and social networking.

o Email and online collaboration.

• E-commerce:

o Online shopping and mobile payments.

o Mobile banking and financial services.

• Entertainment:

o Streaming music and videos.

o Mobile gaming.

o Augmented and virtual reality.

• Healthcare:

o Remote patient monitoring.

o Mobile health apps.

o Telemedicine.

• Education:

o Mobile learning apps.

o Online courses and educational resources.

• Navigation and Location-Based Services:

o GPS navigation.

o Location-based marketing.

o Ride-sharing services.

• Business and Productivity:

o Mobile office applications.

o Remote work capabilities.

o Field service applications.

4. Challenges:

• Security: Protecting sensitive data from cyber threats.

• Battery life: Optimizing power consumption.

35

• Network reliability: Ensuring consistent connectivity.

• Device fragmentation: Supporting diverse devices and operating systems.

• Privacy: Safeguarding user information.

5. Future Trends:

• 5G and Beyond: Faster and more reliable mobile networks.

• Internet of Things (IoT): Increased connectivity of devices.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI): Integration of AI into mobile applications.

• Mobile Edge Computing: Processing data closer to the user for reduced latency.

• Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR): Enhanced mobile experiences.

• Increased Mobile Security: Improvements in biometrics and other security measures.

6. Conclusion:
Mobile computing has become an indispensable part of modern life, driving innovation and
transforming industries. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even more
sophisticated and integrated mobile experiences. Addressing the challenges related to security,
privacy, and connectivity will be crucial for realizing the full potential of mobile computing.
36

Practical-10
Objective: Webpage using MSWord

Steps:

1. Create Your Content:

o Open Microsoft Word.

o Type and format the content you want to appear on your web page.

o Use headings, paragraphs, lists, and images as needed.

o Keep in mind that complex layouts might not translate perfectly to HTML.

2. Save as a Web Page:

o Click "File" > "Save As."

o In the "Save as type" dropdown menu, select "Web Page (*.htm; *.html)."

o Choose a location to save your file and give it a filename.

o There are a couple of web page save options.

 This saves the document as a basic HTML file.

 This option produces cleaner HTML code by removing some of Word's proprietary
formatting.

o It is generally recommended to use the "Web Page, Filtered" option.

3. View Your Web Page:

o Navigate to the location where you saved the HTML file.

o Double-click the file to open it in your web browser.

Important Considerations:

• HTML Limitations:
o Word is not a dedicated HTML editor. The generated HTML code may contain
unnecessary or redundant code, which can affect page loading speed and
compatibility.

o Complex layouts and formatting might not render correctly in all web browsers.

• CSS:
o Word's HTML output typically uses inline styles, which can make it difficult to
maintain and update the website's design.
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o For more control over the website's appearance, you'll need to use Cascading Style
Sheets (CSS).
• Web Development Tools:
o For professional web development, it's recommended to use dedicated HTML
editors like:

 Visual Studio Code

 Sublime Text  Adobe Dreamweaver

• Image Handling:
o When Word saves to HTML, it will often create a folder containing the images that
were in the word document. Be sure that if you move the HTML file, that you also
move the folder with the images.