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Shell Scripting - Username/Password

The document discusses several shell scripting examples involving username/password input, fork(), exec(), file descriptors, signals, and process execution. Key points include: 1. A shell script that prompts for username and password input without displaying the password. 2. Examples of fork() to create child processes and demonstrate process IDs. 3. Using exec() to launch a new program from within a child process after forking. 4. Examples manipulating file descriptors and using them for inter-process communication. 5. Examples handling SIGCHLD signals from child processes. 6. Demonstrating how a child process exits immediately using _exit() while the parent continues.

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Nataraj Bhargava
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91 views

Shell Scripting - Username/Password

The document discusses several shell scripting examples involving username/password input, fork(), exec(), file descriptors, signals, and process execution. Key points include: 1. A shell script that prompts for username and password input without displaying the password. 2. Examples of fork() to create child processes and demonstrate process IDs. 3. Using exec() to launch a new program from within a child process after forking. 4. Examples manipulating file descriptors and using them for inter-process communication. 5. Examples handling SIGCHLD signals from child processes. 6. Demonstrating how a child process exits immediately using _exit() while the parent continues.

Uploaded by

Nataraj Bhargava
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shell Scripting - Username/Password

#! /bin/sh echo -n "Username: " read username echo -n "Password: " while [ 1 ] do read -s -n1 key echo -n "*" if [[ $key == "" ]]; # checks whether enter is pressed then exit 0 # exit with return value 0 fi exit 0 # bash interpreter. Tell the OS that it is bash interpreter # prompt it on the console; -n means no new line # reads the input from the console and assign it to username

# reads the input; -n 1 means read only one character at a time; -s means silent, it means don't display what is read

1. fork1.c #include<unistd.h> #include<stdio.h> int main (void) { pid_tp; p=fork(); printf(fork returned%d\n,p); } $gcc fork1.c-o fork1 $./fork1 fork returned 0 fork returned 698 1A. #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> int main (void){ printf(Hello World!\n); fork(); printf(\tI am process%d.\n,getpid());

} 1B. #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> int main (void)){ int pid; printf(Hello world!\n); pid=fork() if(pid=0) printf( I am the child process.\n); else printf( I am the parent process.\n); } 1C. #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> int main (void) fork(); fork(); fork(); printf(Hello World from process%d!\n,getpid()); } 1D. Guarantees the child process will print its message before the parent process. #include<stdio.h> #include<sys/wait.h> int main (void){ int pid; int status; printf(Hello World!\n); pid=fork(); if(pid==-1){ perror(bad fork); exit(1); } if(pid==0) printf( I am the child process.\n); else{ wait(&staurs); printf( I am the parent process.\n); } }

2. $ cat fork2.c #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> int main (void) pid_tp; printf(Original program,pid=%d\n,getpid()); p=fork(); if(p==0){ printf( In child process,pid=%d,ppid=%d\n,getpid(), getppid()); }else{ printf(In parent, pid=%d, fork returned=%d\n,getpid(),p); } } $gcc fork2.c-o fork2 $./fork2 Original program, pid=767 In child process, pid=768, ppud=767 In parent, pid=767,fork returned=768 3. $ cat exec1.c #include<unistd.h> #include<stdio.h> int main (void){ /*Define a null terminated array of the command to run followed by any parameters, in this case none*/char*age[]={/usr/bin/ls,0}; /*fork, and exec within child process*/ if (fork()==0) { printf( In child process:\n); execv(arg[0], arg); printf(I will never be called\n); } printf(Execution continues in parent process\n); } $gcc exec1.c-o exec1 $./exec1 In child process: Fork1.c exec1 fork2 exec1.c Fork2.c Execution continues in parent process

fork1

4. #include<stdio.h> #include<strings.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/stat.h> #include<fcnt1.h> int main (void) { int fd_in, fd_out; char buf[1024]; memset(buf,0,1024); } sleep(10); } Output: $gcc fdtest1.c-o fdtest1 $./fdtest1 2875:1 2874:2 2875:3 2874:4 2875:5 2874:6 2874:7 Sunbox$cat/tmp/outfile 2875Hello,world! 2874Hello,world! 2875Hello,world! 2874Hello,world! 2875Hello,world! 2874Hello,world! 2874Hello,world! 5. #include<unistd.h> #include<stdio.h> int main(void){ int i; if (fork()){ /*Parent*/ sleep(2) _exit(0); } for(i=0;i<5;i++){

printf(My parent is %d\n,getppid()); sleep(1); } } $gcc die1.c-o die1 $./die1 My parent is 2920 My parent is 2920 Sunbox$ My parent is 1 My parent is 1 My parent is 1

6. $cat die2.c #include<unistd.h> #include<stdio.h> int main(void){ int i; if (!fork()){ /*Child exists immediately*/ _exit(0); } /*Parent waits around for a minute*/ sleep(60); } $gcc die2.c-o die2 $./die2& [1] 2934 $pa-ef|grep 2934 sean 2934 2885 0 21:43:05 pts/1 0:00./die2 sean 2935 2934 0 -? 0:00<defunct> $ps-ef|grep 2934 [1]+Exit 199 /die2 7. #include<unistd.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/wait.h> void sighandler(int sig){ printf(In signal handler for signal%d/n,sig); /*wait0 is the key to acknowledging the SIGGHLD*/ wait(0); }

int main (void) { int i; /*Assign a signal handler to SIGCHLD*/ sigset(SIGCHLD, & sighandler); if(!fork()) { /*child*/ _exit(o); } sleep(60); } $gcc die3.c-o die3 $./die3& [1]3116 $ In signal handler for signal 18 ps-ef|grep 3116 sean 3116 2885 0 22:37:26pts/1 0:00./die3

8. main() {printf(Files in Directory are:n); excel(.bin.ls, ls, -1,0); } 9. main(){ int return_value; printf(Forking processn); fork(); printf(The process id is %d and return value is %dn, getpid(),return_value); excel(/bin/ls/, ls, -1,0); printf ( This line is not printedn); }

Output: Forking process The process id is 6753 and return value is 0 The process id is 6754 and return value is 0 Two lists of files in current directory

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