EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ESWATINI

Eswatini General Certificate of Secondary Education

CANDIDATE
NAME

CENTRE CANDIDATE
NUMBER NUMBER

GEOGRAPHY 6890/02
Paper 2 Geographical Skills October/November 2023
Candidates answer on the Question Paper 2 hours
Additional Materials: Ruler
Protractor
Plain paper
Calculator
1:50 000 survey map extract enclosed with this Question Paper

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, calculations, tables or rough working.

SECTION A
Answer all questions.
For Examiner’s Use
SECTION B
Answer all questions. Section A

SECTION C Question 1
Answer one question.
Section B

Question 2
The Insert contains Fig. 4 for Question 2, Fig. 6 for Question 3 (b) and
Fig. 8 for Question 4 (b). Question 3

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question Question 4
or part question.
Section C
Either
Question 5
Or
Question 6

Total

This document consists of 21 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

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SECTION A

Answer all questions in this section.

1 The map extract is for Rusape (Zimbabwe). The scale is 1: 50 000.

Fig. 1 shows the position of some features in the North Eastern part of the map.

06 07 08 09 10 11
54 54
A C
B

1405 53
53
D
E

52 52

51 G 51

F
50 50

49 49
06 07 08 09 10 11
Fig. 1

(a) Identify the following features shown in Fig. 1:

(i) feature A;

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) the type of road B;

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) feature C;

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iv) relief feature D;

............................................................................................................................. [1]

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(v) feature E;

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(vi) feature F;

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(vii) source of water at G.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) (i) What is the general direction of flow of the Rusape river?

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Identify any two physical river features found along the course of the Rusape river.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Give the six-figure grid reference of the road bridge over the tributary of the Rusape
river north east of the Chindukuru township in grid square 0347.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Study the hill in grid square 1142 and Runyange hill in grid square 0441.

(i) What is the height of the peak of the hill in grid square 1142?

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Measure the grid bearing from the trigonometrical station in grid square 1142 to
the peak of Runyange hill in grid square 0441.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

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(iii) Study Fig. 2, which shows a cross-section drawn between the trigonometrical
station in grid square 1142 and the peak/summit of Runyange hill in grid square
0441.

trigonometrical
Runyange hill
station

1500

1300

Fig. 2

On Fig. 2, using labelled arrows, mark the position of:

• the railway line

• the wide tarred road
• a river east of the wide tarred road [3]

(e) (i) Measure the distance along the gravel road from the bridge over the Mezi river in
grid square 9447 to where the road crosses the 33 kV power line in grid square
9851.

..................................................................................................................metres [1]

(ii) The height of the bridge is at 1290 m and the point where the road crosses the
33 kV power line is at 1410 m above sea level.

Calculate the gradient along this part of the road.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

(f) Name three services found in Rusape town.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................................

3 .................................................................................................................................. [3]

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(g) (i) On Fig. 3, shade the grid square where there is least surface drainage. [1]

03 04 05 06 07
43 43

42 42
03 04 05 06 07
Fig. 3

(ii) Suggest two factors which promoted the growth of Rusape town.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 25 marks]

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SECTION B

Answer all questions in this section.

2 Study Fig. 4 (Insert), which shows a forested area and a deforested area.

(a) Define the term deforestation.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Identify three causes of deforestation shown in Fig. 4.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................................

3 .................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Use Fig. 4 to describe the benefits of a forested area to the following:

soils ..................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

water cycle .......................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

wildlife ………………………….…..…………………….…...................….........................

..........................................................................................................................................

rivers ………………………………........……………….…...................….........................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 8 marks]

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3 (a) Study Table 1, which shows renewable and non-renewable energy sources in an LEDC.

Table 1

Energy source Percentage

wood 57%

charcoal 23%

petroleum 11%

solar 5%

hydro-electricity 4%

(i) Define a renewable energy source.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Use Table 1 to complete the pie graph in Fig. 5. [2]

wood

charcoal

petroleum

solar
hydro-electricity

Fig. 5

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(b) Study Fig. 6 (Insert), which shows a coal fired power station.

(i) Name the features marked X and Y.

X ...............................................................................................................................

Y .......................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State three negative impacts of the smoke on people and the environment.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

3 ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 8 marks]

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4 (a) Study Fig. 7, which shows the distribution of huts in a rural settlement.

N KEY
huts
13

stream
00

14
00
river

1300 contours at
20 m vertical
intervals
swamp/marsh

0 2
km

Fig. 7

(i) Name the settlement pattern shown in Fig. 7.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Describe the distribution of the huts shown in Fig. 7.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii) Give one reason for the lack of huts in parts of the area shown in Fig. 7.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

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(b) Study Fig. 8 (Insert), which shows the population structure of a country and its main
city.

(i) What is the percentage of males aged 10 – 14 years for the country?

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) What is the total percentage of the 0 – 4 years age group for the city?

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) List three differences between the population structures of the country and its
main city.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

3 ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 9 marks]

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SECTION C

Answer either question 5 or question 6.

5 A group of students investigated the size of the bed load and the gradient along part of the
Komati river.

The students decided to test the following hypotheses:

Hypothesis 1: The size of the bed load decreases downstream.

Hypothesis 2: The gradient of the river decreases downstream.

(a) Before conducting the investigation the teacher suggested that they should first carry
out a pilot survey in a local stream next to the school.

(i) List two advantages of doing a pilot survey.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Suggest two precautions to be considered by the students when choosing the
stream for the investigation.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

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(b) To investigate Hypothesis 1: The size of the bed load decreases downstream, the
students chose three sites (A, B and C) at 100 m intervals. Site A is upstream and Site
C is downstream. At each site they selected and measured the size of six pebbles.
The results of the investigation are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Size of bed load

Pebble Site A (mm) Site B (mm) Site C (mm)
1 20 10 4
2 22 22 6
3 24 16 8
4 23 15 7
5 25 18 9
6 21 17 5

(i) Suggest the best sampling method to select pebbles at each site.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Use the information from Table 2 to complete the bar graph for Site A on Fig. 9.
[3]

25

20

15
pebble
size

10

0
SITE A SITE B SITE C

Fig. 9

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(iii) Describe how the students could have measured the size of the bed load.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [4]

(c) Write a conclusion to the investigation on Hypothesis 1: The size of the bed load
decreases downstream. Use evidence from Table 2 and Fig. 9.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

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(d) The students further investigated Hypothesis 2: The gradient of the river decreases
downstream. Fig. 10 shows how the students measured the gradient at each of the
three sites, A, B and C.

Line
of s
ight

Dis
tan
ce m
eas
ure
d

river

Fig. 10

(i) Using Fig. 10 and your own knowledge, name two pieces of equipment used for
measuring the gradient.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describe how the students measured the gradient of the river.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

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(e) The students recorded the results of their measurements as shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Reading
Site A Site B Site C
(degrees)

Reading 1 3.5 1.8 2.5

Reading 2 3.5 2.8 2.5

Reading 3 2.9 4.0 1.8

Reading 4 2.8 4.0 1.9

Reading 5 4.0 2.0 3.0

Reading 6 4.0 3.0 3.0

Average gradient
2.9
(degrees)

Calculate the average gradient for sites A and C.

Site A ...............................................................................................................................

Site C .......................................................................................................................... [2]

(f) Write a conclusion to the investigation on Hypothesis 2: The gradient of the river
decreases downstream. Use evidence from Table 3.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 25 marks]

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6 Students investigated traffic flow along a main road near an industrial area.

The students decided to investigate the following hypotheses:

Hypothesis 1: The volume of traffic is higher in the early morning and late afternoon.

Hypothesis 2: There are more trucks passing through the main road than other types of
vehicles.

(a) To investigate Hypothesis 1, the students decided to conduct a traffic count along the
main road at three sites A, B and C.

(i) What is an industrial area?

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Describe what the students would need to consider before carrying out their traffic
count.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

(iii) State two challenges that the students might have faced during the investigation.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

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(b) At each site they counted the traffic for 10 minutes using tally marks at the following
times; 0700 hrs – 0710 hrs, 1100 hrs – 1110 hrs, 1500 hrs – 1510 hrs
and 1700 hrs – 1710 hrs.

The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4

Number of vehicles

Times Site A Site B Site C

0700 – 0710 100 90 110

1100 – 1110 40 50 50

1500 – 1510 50 40 40

1700 – 1710 110 102 120

(i) Give three advantages of using the tally method.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................

3 .......................................................................................................................... [3]

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(ii) Use the information in Table 4 to complete Fig. 11 for Site C. Add information for
0700 – 0710 hrs and 1700 – 1710 hrs. [2]

SITE C

120

100

80

60
number of
vehicles

40

20

0700 – 0710 1100 – 1110 1500 – 1510 1700 – 1710

times

Fig. 11

(iii) Write a conclusion to Hypothesis 1: The volume of traffic is higher in the early
morning and late afternoon. Use evidence from Table 4 and Fig. 11.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

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(iv) Suggest three ways the investigation could be improved to make the results more
reliable.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

3 ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) To test Hypothesis 2: There are more trucks passing through the main road than other
types of vehicles, the students decided to record the vehicles passing through each site
according to type.

The results of the investigation are shown in the pictogram, Fig. 12.

Site cars minibuses trucks

Key
=10 cars =10 minibuses =10 trucks

Fig. 12

(i) Using the pictogram shown in Fig. 12, calculate the total number of trucks and cars
counted.

Trucks = ................................

Cars = ................................ [2]

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(ii) The students presented the data for each site using block bar graphs. Fig. 13
shows the data for Site A. Complete Fig. 14 for Site C. [3]

SITE A

00 10
10 20
20 30
30 40
40 50
50 60
60 70
70 80
80 90 100
90 100
%%

Fig. 13

SITE C

00 10
10 20
20 30
30 40
40 50
50 60
60 70
70 80
80 90
90 100
100
%%
Key
Key

cars
cars minibuses
minibuses trucks
trucks

Fig. 14

(d) Write a conclusion to Hypothesis 2: There are more trucks passing through the main
road than other types of vehicles. Use evidence from Fig. 12, Fig. 13 and Fig. 14.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 25 marks]

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