0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views99 pages

Topic2 Managing An Internetwork 01

The document provides a comprehensive guide on managing an internetwork using TCP/IP, including IP address design, configuring static and dynamic IPs, and setting up a DHCP server. It details the steps for building a LAN in Packet Tracer, connecting devices, and testing connectivity. Additionally, it covers the setup of a second LAN, including DNS and HTTP services, while emphasizing the importance of proper IP configuration and troubleshooting techniques.

Uploaded by

thngziqin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views99 pages

Topic2 Managing An Internetwork 01

The document provides a comprehensive guide on managing an internetwork using TCP/IP, including IP address design, configuring static and dynamic IPs, and setting up a DHCP server. It details the steps for building a LAN in Packet Tracer, connecting devices, and testing connectivity. Additionally, it covers the setup of a second LAN, including DNS and HTTP services, while emphasizing the importance of proper IP configuration and troubleshooting techniques.

Uploaded by

thngziqin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 99

UEEN2013/UEEN2423

TCP/IP Network Fundamentals


(Topic 02)

Managing an Internetwork
IP Address Design Plan
Static IP:
192.168.1.100
DHCP Server (192.168.1.5-54)

Static IP: Dynamic Dynamic Dynamic


192.168.1.1 IP IP IP

fa0/0: Static IP:


192.168.1.200 192.168.2.1

Note: Router ports’ 1.DHCP Server (192.168.2.5-200)


fa0/1:
IP have to static IP 192.168.2.254
2.HTTP Server
(ALWAYS) 3.DNS Server
Building your first LAN
in Packet Tracer

Your first guide on Packet Tracer


Forming a simple LAN
step by step
When you Open Your Packet Tracer

Workspace

Network Components
Specific Models
Network Components
• Network components in Packet Tracer 5.3

Hubs
Routers Wireless
Devices
Switches

End Devices Multiuser


Connection (cables)
WAN Emulation Custom made Connections
Devices
Switch

1.Click here first 2. Left click on “2950-24”


to get “Switches” and drag this switch into workspace
2950-24 Switch
• Network Switches are used to form a simple local area
network (LAN)
• Cisco Catalyst 2950-24
– have 24 10M/100M ports
• The port here (hardware) is different from “port number” (software)
• 10M = 10Mbps, 100M = 100 Mega bits per second (Mbps)
• 100M is what we call “Fast Ethernet”
• 10M is what we call “Ethernet”

Each of the switch ports is named as


fa0/1, fa0/2,….fa0/24

switch ports
PC

1.Click here first


to get “End Devices”
2. Drag two “Generic” PCs in workspace
Connection - 1

1.Click here first


to get Connections 2. Click on
“Automatically Choose Connection Type”
Connection - 2
• Click on both PC0 and Switch0 to form a connection.
• Do the same to connect a cable for PC1 and Switch0

4. Click on Switch0
3. Click on PC0
Connection - 3
• Wait for the little orange bubble to turn green.

Green bubble (communication is ready)

Orange bubble
(communication is not ready)
Configuring the PC - 1
• Double click on PC0 to call out the PC0 window

1. Double click on PC0


3. Click on
Desktop

2. This window will


Appear.
Configuring the PC - 2

4. Click on
IP Configuration
Configuring the PC - 3

9. Press this to close the


PC0 window

8. Press this to close the


IP Configuration window

5. Enter 192.168.1.1

6. Press Tab key

7. 255.255.255.0 will
automatically appear
Configuring the PC - 4

• Repeat the same


procedure for PC1.

• Enter 192.168.1.2
for PC1

• Close the IP
Configuration
window but not the
PC1 window
Testing connectivity - 1

1. Click on
Command Prompt
Available Commands in PC

• Command
prompt in PC of
Packet tracer
resembles the
real life but with
limited sets of
commands.
Testing connectivity with ping

1. ping PC0
(ip = 192.168.1.1)

Successful
ping !!

Note: ping is a to and fro


process. You don’t need
to ping from the other
side once this side is ok.
DHCP Server in Your LAN

Adding a DHCP server to your LAN


step by step
Server
• Drag a server in your “existing” LAN

1.Click here first


to get “End Devices”
2. Drag a “Generic” server in workspace.
Make Connection
• Connect Server0 to Switch0.

3. Click on Server0
and then Switch0 to
make a connection.

1.Click here first


to get Connections 2. Click on
“Automatically Choose Connection Type”
Configuring IP for Server - 1
• Double click on Server0, a Server0 window will appear.

1. Click on
IP Configuration
Configuring IP for Server - 2
6. Then click on Config

5. Press this to close the


IP Configuration window

2. Enter 192.168.1.100

3. Press Tab key

4. 255.255.255.0 will
automatically appear
Setting DHCP service - 1

1. Click on
DHCP
Setting DHCP service - 2
• Setting the DHCP IP
range from
192.168.1.5 to
192.168.1.54

• If there are 52 PCs in


the network, DHCP is
not able to provide
the remaining two
PCs.

2. Change Start IP
address to 192.168.1.5

3. Change to 50

4. Press “Save”
Testing DHCP Service
6. You may test the PC1
with a ping to/from PC0

5. If your DHCP is set


correctly, you will obtain a
dynamic IP

4. Click on DHCP

3. Click on IP Configuration

2. PC1 windows pop up,


click Desktop tab.

1. Double click on PC1


Testing PC1 from PC0
1. Go to command
prompt of PC0

2. Type “ipconfig” to
check the IP of PC0

3. Ping PC1
DHCP: Packet Tracer & Real Life
• The “DHCP” option is Real Life
equivalent to “Obtain an IP
address automatically”
under Windows XP.

Packet Tracer
Review: Static IP and Dynamic IP
• As you’ve known, IP address in your PC is
assigned one of two ways:
– The IP is set manually (Static IP)
– The IP is set by DHCP services (Dynamic IP)
• Comments on Static IP
– Normally used for servers, printers, and routers.
– Not advisable for large network due to maintenance.
• Need to keep track.
• Easily set duplicate IP due to negligence (human error).
• Comments on Dynamic IP
– Used in normal PCs of large networks where it is
relatively easier to maintain.
– Used in wireless network where the computers/laptops
are mobile (in and out all the time).
Packet Tracer DHCP Service
• A typical DHCP service
configuration consists of:
– IP address range
– 1 Subnet mask
– 1 Default Gateway
– 2-4 DNS server IP
• The IP address range is
configured with:
– Starting IP Address
– Maximum # of users.
• TFTP Server IP is NOT a
typical DHCP configuration.
Router in Your LAN

Adding a Router to your LAN


step by step
Router
• Drag a 1841 router into the workspace.

1.Click here first


to get “Routers” 2. Click on
“1841” and drag
it the workspace.
Cisco 1841 router
Console port Rear View

Slot for module Fast Slot for module


(will discuss later) Ethernet Aux port (will discuss later) On/off switch
ports
(fa0/0 and fa0/1)

Front View
Connecting Router to Switch - 1

1.Click here first 2. Click on


to get Connections “Copper
Straight-Through”
Connecting Router to Switch - 2

3. Click on 4. Select
Router0, a small FastEthernet0/0,
window pops up. then click on it
Connecting Router to Switch - 3

6. Click on Switch0
Select
FastEthernet0/4,
then click on it

7. Red bubble Remember port


(not communicating) fa0/0 is connected
to the Switch0
Configuring IP in Router - 1
• Double click on
Router0 so that
this window can
pop up.

1. Click on “CLI” tab


to go into the router
configuration screen.
Configuring IP in Router - 2
• Wait for the
router to boot
up
Configuring IP in Router - 3

• Type “no” and


press enter to
continue.
Configuring IP in Router - 4
Set port fa0/0 to have
ip = 192.168.1.200

1. Press ”enter” to
continue

2. Type ”enable” or “en”

3. Type ”configure
terminal” or “conf t”

4. Type ”interface fa0/0”


or “int fa0/0”

5. Type ”ip address


192.168.1.200
255.255.255.0”

6. Type ”no shutdown”


Router IP = Gateway of LAN

• The interface fa0/0


has a IP of
192.168.1.200.
• This IP will be the
default gateway IP
for all the hosts in IP address =
192.168.1.200
the LAN

Turn from red to green


bubbles after the command
“no shutdown” (ready to
communicate)
Key in Default Gateway IP in Hosts
• Key in 192.168.1.200 as the default gateway of PC0 and Server0
– Since both hosts are configured as static IP
Key in Default Gateway IP
in DCHP service
• The default gateway IP in
DHCP service is different
1. Press
from the default gateway
”Config” tab IP of Server0 in terms of
functionality
– Default gateway IP in
Server0 belongs to
Server0 itself.
– Default gateway in
DHCP service is for
other host that request
DHCP service.
– The same default
gateway IP in DHCP
service can’t be sent to
Server0 itself.

2. Press
”DHCP” 3. Change 0.0.0.0 to
192.168.1.200
4. Click on save
Dynamic IP in PC1

1. Type ”ipconfig” to
check the existing IP

2. Type ”ipconfig /renew”


to renew the dynamic IP from
DHCP service, since the
default gateway IP is added.

3. Type ”ping
192.168.1.200” to check
the connectivity to router
interface (default gateway)
Adding a new LAN

Adding and configure a new LAN on


the existing network step by step
The design plan for second LAN
• Keep it as a good habit to plan for your network
design.
• The design plan for second LAN:
– The network components needed
• 1 Switch
• 2 PCs
• 1 server
– The services
• DNS: Set 192.168.2.1 as “www.uccn1003.com”
• HTTP
• DHCP (dynamic IP for PCs in 2nd LAN)
– Server IP (preferred static) = 192.168.2.1
– Default gateway IP = 192.168.2.254
– DHCP range for the PCs => 192.168.2.5 to 192.168.1.200
– DNS IP = Web Server IP = 192.168.2.1
Adding new network components
• Add to the workspace
– 1 2950-24 switch
– 2 Generic PCs
– 1 Generic server
• Make connection with
“Automatic Choose
Connection Type” for
– PC2 to Switch1
– PC3 to Switch1
– Server1 to Switch1
• Make connection with
“Copper Straight-Through”
– Switch1 to Router0
– FastEthernet0/1 of
Router0
– FastEthernet0/4 of
Switch1
Setting IP for Fa0/1 in Router0

Set port fa0/1 to have


ip = 192.168.2.254

1. Type “en”

2. Type ”conf t”

3. Type ”int fa0/1”

4. Type ”ip address


192.168.2.254
255.255.255.0”

5. Type ”no shut”


Caution on Setting IP on Router
• Router ports (e.g. fa0/0, fa0/1) are set with static
IP.
– Note: the port here is a physical port, not the port
number (services) that we have discussed.
• Make sure that you set your IP on the correct
Router ports. For example:
– The original design
• fa0/0 = 192.168.1.200,
• fa0/1 = 192.168.2.254
– But you mistakenly set
• fa0/0 = 192.168.2.254 (fa0/1 ‘s IP)
• fa0/1 = 192.168.1.200 (fa0/0 ‘s IP)
IP Configuration of Server1
• The setting of the server IP, subnet mask and gateway.
DHCP service setup of Server1

Set Default Gateway IP


= 192.168.2.254

Set DNS IP
= 192.168.2.1

Set Start IP address


= 192.168.2.5

Set Max # of Users


= 201
Comments on Second DHCP Service
• DHCP service in Server1 does not service PC0 and PC1, it
can only service PC2 and PC3.
– Same as Server0, only servicing PC0 and PC1
– DHCP service can not “cross” Router.
• Whereas, HTTP, DNS service can “cross” Router

Service boundary of
DHCP service of
Server1
HTTP service setup of Server1
• Click on “Config” tab
and then “HTTP”
button to go the
HTTP screen.
• Type in or modify the
web page as shown
DNS Service setup of Server1

1. Click DNS

2. Type in
these

3. Press the
“Add” button.

Domain name
www.uccn1003.com is now
associated with ip 192.168.2.1
Requesting Dynamic IP for PC3
Testing Connectivity for PC3

PC3 ping gateway


(fa0/1 of Router0)

PC3 ping PC0


Requesting Dynamic IP for PC2
Launch Web Browser for PC2

Click on this
PC2 Access Web Page in Server1
• PC2 has successfully
communicate with the
DNS to resolve the
domain name
www.uccn1003.com

• PC2 has successfully


access the web page
hosted in 192.168.2.1
(Server1)
PC1 Access Web Page in Server1
• PC1 unsuccessfully
access the web page
since the hostname is
unresolved.
• Need to troubleshoot the
DNS mechanism…
Troubleshoot PC1: ipconfig
• Check PC1 with “ipconfig /all”.

• The DNS IP is missing = 0.0.0.0

• Check with nslookup => Not working

• PC1 is under dynamic IP

• We need to fix it first on the DHCP


server.

Note: Keep it as a habit that


whenever you troubleshoot the
network always start with
“ipconfig”
Fixing the DNS IP in DHCP

Change the DNS


Server IP from 0.0.0.0
to 192.168.2.1

Remember to click
“Save”
Request New Dynamic IP in PC1
Renew Dynamic IP
Since DNS server IP is
added

Check again with nslookup


on domain name
“www.uccn1003.com”

PC1 ping web server


Launch Web Browser in PC1

• PC1 Successfully
access web page
www.uccn1003.com
PC0 and DNS
• Though PC0 can ping DNS, this
does not mean you can resolved
hostname in the web browser.
– Since PC0 doesn’t have the
DNS server IP.

• PC0 is set under static IP.


Launch Web Browser in PC0

Successful !!
Key in the DNS IP
LAN Design Issues

Describing various design issues,


principles, and guidelines of LAN,
especially on the physical aspect of LAN
(e.g. topology, cables, boundary of LAN,
etc)
Overview of LAN Design Issues
• There are two aspect of LAN design issues:
– Physical issues
– Issues from IP address
• Physical Issues of LAN deals with
– Network Topology
– LAN boundary
– Cables and connecting the equipments
– Placement of servers/services
• Issues from IP address (Later lecture)
– IP address design after physical LAN layout
– IP subnet rules
Network Topology
End Devices & Networking Devices

– End-devices:

– Networking devices:

• In LAN design:
– We need to learn how to connect these devices together with
cables in order to form a network.
– Network topology shows us a few way to do this.
Network Topology - 1
• Network topology: is the study of the arrangement or
mapping of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a network,
especially the physical (real) and logical (virtual)
interconnections between nodes.
– Bus topology: the nodes connect to a common
backbone or trunk.
– Star topology: links all nodes of the network to a central
node.
– Ring topology: each node connects to another in a
closed loop.
– Mesh topology: nodes are “randomly” connected to one
or many nodes.
* A node can be an end device or a network device.
Network Topology - 2
• Network can be formed with any combination of these
network topologies in order to connect the network
devices.
Example 1:
• LAN where PCs and server connected to a switch forms a star-
topology
• The whole big network forms a tree or hierarchical topology

Hierarchical

Star

Star
Example 2: LAN
• In LAN design, the most common topology is star topology
– All data that is transmitted between nodes in the network is
transmitted to this central node, then retransmits the data to some
or all of the other nodes in the network
• Star-topology LAN is normally formed by connecting the servers and
PCs to a switch, or a hub.
– Switches and hubs are normally not required to be configured to
form a LAN.
– Switches and hub will automatically communicate and transfer data
among hosts (PCs), once these hosts are connected to the switch
or hub.
• Switch is a much superior central node than hub since switch provide
higher data transmission (or bandwidth) than hub.
Example 3: Enterprise Network
• In enterprise network, hierarchical/tree topology is normally the preferred
network topology.
– An efficient enterprise network is normally organized as a hierarchy/tree of
LANs.
Example 4: Internet
The Internet is a mesh topology.
Issues of Network Topology
• Bus
– Least wire used
– Disastrous if link is fail. Not efficient as host increases
• Star and Extended Star
– Cheaper than mesh, good fault isolation, easy to install, good connectivity
– Bottle neck in the central hub.
• Ring
– Less wire used than mesh
– Medium efficiency and fault isolation
• Mesh
– Full connectivity, good fault isolation
– Require a lot resources (cable, I/O ports)
• Hierarchical (or tree)
– Hierarchical organized, most widespread network infrastructure topology
– Need multiplexing equipment, bottleneck at the top node
LAN Boundary
Overview of LAN Boundary
• A LAN is a set of end-devices connected to
switches/hubs bound by routers.
Still the same LAN with switches and hubs

Still 1 LAN

PC0 is still in the


same LAN as
Server1, Printer0,
PC1, PC2, PC3,…

• No matter how many switches and hubs (of


different models) are connected together,
functionally they still form the same one
LAN.
Routers – Boundary of LAN
LAN 4
LAN 2

LAN 3

LAN 5
LAN 1

• Router is the boundary of the LAN


• This “boundary” of a LAN is the location of the gateway, which is router port
configured with an IP address.
• Every host in that LAN has to set its gateway to that IP address.
Routers – Boundary of LAN
Gateway for Gateway for
LAN 2 LAN 4
Gateway for
LAN 1
Gateway for
LAN 5

Gateways
for LAN 3

• Unlike switches, you have to configure a router before it can be used in a


network
– At least you need to configure the IP addresses for the router ports
• Gateways are the “escape door” from a LAN to the next LAN.
• A LAN can have more than 1 gateway.
Cables and Connections
Common Types of Cables in Network
• In networks, we use cables to connect various end devices
and networking devices.
• Examples of types of cables used:
– Rollover cable
– Ethernet copper straight through
– Ethernet copper cross-over
– Fiber optics
– Telephone cables
– Coaxial The cables below are available in Packet Tracer simulator

– Serial cables
Rollover Cable
• Rollover cable is a cable with a serial connector at one
end, and a RJ-45 connector at the other end.
• Rollover connects the serial (comm) port of a PC to the
console port of a router.
• Rollover cable is only used for router configuration, not
data transfer in network.
Ethernet Copper Cable (Cat 5)
• There are two types of cable to connect the Ethernet ports in the LAN of the PC,
switches, and routers.
– Straight-through and Crossover
• Both type of cables are a type of twisted pair copper wire cable for LAN use for which the
RJ-45 connectors at each end
• Both of them look the same, except for the conductors arrangement shown below.
• Straight-through cables have the same pinout (i.e., arrangement of conductors).
• Crossover cable, the wires on the cable are crossed over so that the receive signal pins
on the connector on one end are connected to the transmit signal pins on the connector
on the other end.

RJ-45 connector
Straight-through cables are used in…
• Straight-through cables are represented by solid line in Packet Tracer
Cross-over cabled are used in…
• Cross-over cables are represented by dashed line in Packet Tracer
Fiber Optics
• Optical fibers are used to transmit data using light, which permits
transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data
rates) than other forms of communications.
– Undersea Internet cables are almost all in fiber-optics.
– Transmit up to tens of gigabits per second.
– Immune to electromagnetic interference.
Telephone Cables
• Traditionally used to connect telephones.
• Also used in xDSL modems to connect to phone plug for
accessing the Internet.
• Quite similar to Ethernet cable but smaller.

(Ethernet) (Phone)
Coaxial Cable
• Traditionally for TV use.
• Also used in connection:
– from cable modem to cable TV outlet/plug
– from satellite dish to decoder (Astro)
Serial Cable
• Used in connecting router of an enterprise network to
Internet (via Telephone companies (telco), or Internet
service provider (ISP))
Placement of Services/Servers
DHCP in a LAN
• DHCP service only works within a LAN
• DHCP service does not function beyond a router unless otherwise configured

PC1 can’t get


the dynamic IP
from Server0
because Router0
has blocked it.
DHCP Server Placement
• 1 DHCP server serve 1 LAN
• 2 LANs need 2 DHCP servers (or service).
• Router (and wireless router) can provide DHCP service.
• You can have a few DHCP service within a LAN
– As long as the DHCP IP range does not clash with each other
– Will serve as good backup in case one DHCP server fails
IP Issues on DHCP Service
• The DHCP servers has to set with static IP!!
– You can NOT set the IP of DHCP servers to dynamic IP!!!
• In the following example, the DHCP static IP and gateway IP are in the
range of the DHCP service
– DHCP service can detect it and won’t assign duplicate IP in the
LAN.
DNS Server
• DNS server can be set within the LAN (local DNS server).
• Unlike DHCP, you can request DNS service beyond your LAN.
• Public DNS servers are a GLOBALLY linked.
– All the public DNS servers in the world work as “a team” to provide
the service to the world.
Local Servers & Remote Servers
• Local servers : servers that are best placed within LAN (or within the
enterprise network)
– TFTP server *
– DHCP server
– Print server
– Security server
• Remote servers: servers that can be accessed across the Internet
– Email server
– Web server
– DNS server
– FTP server *
* Difference between TFTP & FTP
• Both FTP and TFTP are file services
• TFTP (trivial file transfer protocol)
– Unsecured, no login and password
– As a LAN backup file server
– Best not to be assessed across the Internet
– Not widely deployed.
• FTP
– Secured, with login and password
– sftp (secure ftp), where login, password, and data are encrypted.
– For Internet access.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy