Topic2 Managing An Internetwork 01
Topic2 Managing An Internetwork 01
Managing an Internetwork
IP Address Design Plan
Static IP:
192.168.1.100
DHCP Server (192.168.1.5-54)
Workspace
Network Components
Specific Models
Network Components
• Network components in Packet Tracer 5.3
Hubs
Routers Wireless
Devices
Switches
switch ports
PC
4. Click on Switch0
3. Click on PC0
Connection - 3
• Wait for the little orange bubble to turn green.
Orange bubble
(communication is not ready)
Configuring the PC - 1
• Double click on PC0 to call out the PC0 window
4. Click on
IP Configuration
Configuring the PC - 3
5. Enter 192.168.1.1
7. 255.255.255.0 will
automatically appear
Configuring the PC - 4
• Enter 192.168.1.2
for PC1
• Close the IP
Configuration
window but not the
PC1 window
Testing connectivity - 1
1. Click on
Command Prompt
Available Commands in PC
• Command
prompt in PC of
Packet tracer
resembles the
real life but with
limited sets of
commands.
Testing connectivity with ping
1. ping PC0
(ip = 192.168.1.1)
Successful
ping !!
3. Click on Server0
and then Switch0 to
make a connection.
1. Click on
IP Configuration
Configuring IP for Server - 2
6. Then click on Config
2. Enter 192.168.1.100
4. 255.255.255.0 will
automatically appear
Setting DHCP service - 1
1. Click on
DHCP
Setting DHCP service - 2
• Setting the DHCP IP
range from
192.168.1.5 to
192.168.1.54
2. Change Start IP
address to 192.168.1.5
3. Change to 50
4. Press “Save”
Testing DHCP Service
6. You may test the PC1
with a ping to/from PC0
4. Click on DHCP
3. Click on IP Configuration
2. Type “ipconfig” to
check the IP of PC0
3. Ping PC1
DHCP: Packet Tracer & Real Life
• The “DHCP” option is Real Life
equivalent to “Obtain an IP
address automatically”
under Windows XP.
Packet Tracer
Review: Static IP and Dynamic IP
• As you’ve known, IP address in your PC is
assigned one of two ways:
– The IP is set manually (Static IP)
– The IP is set by DHCP services (Dynamic IP)
• Comments on Static IP
– Normally used for servers, printers, and routers.
– Not advisable for large network due to maintenance.
• Need to keep track.
• Easily set duplicate IP due to negligence (human error).
• Comments on Dynamic IP
– Used in normal PCs of large networks where it is
relatively easier to maintain.
– Used in wireless network where the computers/laptops
are mobile (in and out all the time).
Packet Tracer DHCP Service
• A typical DHCP service
configuration consists of:
– IP address range
– 1 Subnet mask
– 1 Default Gateway
– 2-4 DNS server IP
• The IP address range is
configured with:
– Starting IP Address
– Maximum # of users.
• TFTP Server IP is NOT a
typical DHCP configuration.
Router in Your LAN
Front View
Connecting Router to Switch - 1
3. Click on 4. Select
Router0, a small FastEthernet0/0,
window pops up. then click on it
Connecting Router to Switch - 3
6. Click on Switch0
Select
FastEthernet0/4,
then click on it
1. Press ”enter” to
continue
3. Type ”configure
terminal” or “conf t”
2. Press
”DHCP” 3. Change 0.0.0.0 to
192.168.1.200
4. Click on save
Dynamic IP in PC1
1. Type ”ipconfig” to
check the existing IP
3. Type ”ping
192.168.1.200” to check
the connectivity to router
interface (default gateway)
Adding a new LAN
1. Type “en”
2. Type ”conf t”
Set DNS IP
= 192.168.2.1
Service boundary of
DHCP service of
Server1
HTTP service setup of Server1
• Click on “Config” tab
and then “HTTP”
button to go the
HTTP screen.
• Type in or modify the
web page as shown
DNS Service setup of Server1
1. Click DNS
2. Type in
these
3. Press the
“Add” button.
Domain name
www.uccn1003.com is now
associated with ip 192.168.2.1
Requesting Dynamic IP for PC3
Testing Connectivity for PC3
Click on this
PC2 Access Web Page in Server1
• PC2 has successfully
communicate with the
DNS to resolve the
domain name
www.uccn1003.com
Remember to click
“Save”
Request New Dynamic IP in PC1
Renew Dynamic IP
Since DNS server IP is
added
• PC1 Successfully
access web page
www.uccn1003.com
PC0 and DNS
• Though PC0 can ping DNS, this
does not mean you can resolved
hostname in the web browser.
– Since PC0 doesn’t have the
DNS server IP.
Successful !!
Key in the DNS IP
LAN Design Issues
– End-devices:
– Networking devices:
• In LAN design:
– We need to learn how to connect these devices together with
cables in order to form a network.
– Network topology shows us a few way to do this.
Network Topology - 1
• Network topology: is the study of the arrangement or
mapping of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a network,
especially the physical (real) and logical (virtual)
interconnections between nodes.
– Bus topology: the nodes connect to a common
backbone or trunk.
– Star topology: links all nodes of the network to a central
node.
– Ring topology: each node connects to another in a
closed loop.
– Mesh topology: nodes are “randomly” connected to one
or many nodes.
* A node can be an end device or a network device.
Network Topology - 2
• Network can be formed with any combination of these
network topologies in order to connect the network
devices.
Example 1:
• LAN where PCs and server connected to a switch forms a star-
topology
• The whole big network forms a tree or hierarchical topology
Hierarchical
Star
Star
Example 2: LAN
• In LAN design, the most common topology is star topology
– All data that is transmitted between nodes in the network is
transmitted to this central node, then retransmits the data to some
or all of the other nodes in the network
• Star-topology LAN is normally formed by connecting the servers and
PCs to a switch, or a hub.
– Switches and hubs are normally not required to be configured to
form a LAN.
– Switches and hub will automatically communicate and transfer data
among hosts (PCs), once these hosts are connected to the switch
or hub.
• Switch is a much superior central node than hub since switch provide
higher data transmission (or bandwidth) than hub.
Example 3: Enterprise Network
• In enterprise network, hierarchical/tree topology is normally the preferred
network topology.
– An efficient enterprise network is normally organized as a hierarchy/tree of
LANs.
Example 4: Internet
The Internet is a mesh topology.
Issues of Network Topology
• Bus
– Least wire used
– Disastrous if link is fail. Not efficient as host increases
• Star and Extended Star
– Cheaper than mesh, good fault isolation, easy to install, good connectivity
– Bottle neck in the central hub.
• Ring
– Less wire used than mesh
– Medium efficiency and fault isolation
• Mesh
– Full connectivity, good fault isolation
– Require a lot resources (cable, I/O ports)
• Hierarchical (or tree)
– Hierarchical organized, most widespread network infrastructure topology
– Need multiplexing equipment, bottleneck at the top node
LAN Boundary
Overview of LAN Boundary
• A LAN is a set of end-devices connected to
switches/hubs bound by routers.
Still the same LAN with switches and hubs
Still 1 LAN
LAN 3
LAN 5
LAN 1
Gateways
for LAN 3
– Serial cables
Rollover Cable
• Rollover cable is a cable with a serial connector at one
end, and a RJ-45 connector at the other end.
• Rollover connects the serial (comm) port of a PC to the
console port of a router.
• Rollover cable is only used for router configuration, not
data transfer in network.
Ethernet Copper Cable (Cat 5)
• There are two types of cable to connect the Ethernet ports in the LAN of the PC,
switches, and routers.
– Straight-through and Crossover
• Both type of cables are a type of twisted pair copper wire cable for LAN use for which the
RJ-45 connectors at each end
• Both of them look the same, except for the conductors arrangement shown below.
• Straight-through cables have the same pinout (i.e., arrangement of conductors).
• Crossover cable, the wires on the cable are crossed over so that the receive signal pins
on the connector on one end are connected to the transmit signal pins on the connector
on the other end.
RJ-45 connector
Straight-through cables are used in…
• Straight-through cables are represented by solid line in Packet Tracer
Cross-over cabled are used in…
• Cross-over cables are represented by dashed line in Packet Tracer
Fiber Optics
• Optical fibers are used to transmit data using light, which permits
transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data
rates) than other forms of communications.
– Undersea Internet cables are almost all in fiber-optics.
– Transmit up to tens of gigabits per second.
– Immune to electromagnetic interference.
Telephone Cables
• Traditionally used to connect telephones.
• Also used in xDSL modems to connect to phone plug for
accessing the Internet.
• Quite similar to Ethernet cable but smaller.
(Ethernet) (Phone)
Coaxial Cable
• Traditionally for TV use.
• Also used in connection:
– from cable modem to cable TV outlet/plug
– from satellite dish to decoder (Astro)
Serial Cable
• Used in connecting router of an enterprise network to
Internet (via Telephone companies (telco), or Internet
service provider (ISP))
Placement of Services/Servers
DHCP in a LAN
• DHCP service only works within a LAN
• DHCP service does not function beyond a router unless otherwise configured