DATA PROCESSING DEFN.

Refers to the use of computer

algorithms, software, and hardware
to manipulate, analyze, and
transform data into useful
information
ICT SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
GOALS(ICT4SDGs):
Intro: the sustainable development goals
 Cont’d..
 It involves collecting, organizing,
cleaning, storing, and retrieving
data from various sources, such
as databases, spreadsheets, and
files.
 IMPORTANCE OF DATA TO A
BUSINESS
 Improving decision-making; makes
informed decisions. (identify opportunities,
spot emerging trends, and gain insights into
customer behavior).
 Improving customer experience; gain
insights into customer behavior,
preferences, and needs. leading to increased
customer satisfaction and loyalty.
 Cont’d..
 Enabling predictive analysis; predict future
trends and outcomes based on historical data.
 Improved efficiency and productivity;
reduce the need for manual intervention
leading to increased efficiency, reduced
errors, and cost savings.
 Competitive advantage; emerging trends
and opportunities before their competitors
(create new products or services that meet
customer needs and exceed their
expectations).
 DATA PROCESSING METHODS
1. Manual: In this method data is processed manually. The
entire processing task like calculation, sorting and
filtering, and logical operations are performed manually
without using any tool or electronic devices or
automation software. Eg paper writing(LPO),receipts

2. Mechanical – In this method data is not processed

manually but done with the help of very simple
electronic devices and a mechanical device like calculator
and typewriters.

3. Electronic – This is the fastest method of data

processing and also modern technology with the
modern required features like highest reliability and
accuracy. Eg Banking transactions, stock inventory, Bar
code readers
 DATA PROCESSING MODES
 Batch Processing; processing a large volume of
data at once E.g. payroll processing, billing, and
generating reports.

 Real-time Processing; processing data as soon as

it is received, without any delay. E.g. Online
transactions(Bank ATMs, safe boda)

 Stream Processing; processing data in real-time

as it is generated, before it is stored. such as social
media sites like Amazon.
 Multiprocessing/parallel; breaks down large
data sets into smaller units simultaneously on a
network. Eg Banks using one printer

 Distributed Processing; involves distributing

data processing tasks across multiple computers
or servers. Linked to central unit(web application,
data warehousing, and cloud computing).

 Time sharing processing; allocates computer

resources and data in time slots to several users
simultaneously. (one is used by several users but
time allocated to users differs)
3/21/2023
 INFORMATION DEFINITION
 The processed data that has
meaning and relevance to the user,
and it is used for at decision-making,
problem-solving, communication,
and innovation.

 Information is the result of

processing raw data to reveal
meaningful patterns
 INFORMATION DEFN CONT’D..
AREAS
 Strategic decision-making; identify
trends, opportunities, and threats, and make
strategic decisions.
 Market research: to understand customer
needs, preferences, and behaviors.

 Financial management: Financial

statements, budgets, and cash flow
projections are all based on information
gathered from various sources.
 Cont’d..
 Supply chain management: By
tracking inventory levels, shipping
times, and supplier performance

 Employee management: tracking

performance, managing schedules, and
providing training and development
opportunities.
 TYPES OF INFORMATION IN
BUSINESS
 Financial Information; transactions such as
income, expenses, investments, taxes, and profits.

 Operational Information: day-to-day

operations such as inventory levels, production
processes, and supply chain management.

 Strategic Information: information about the

long-term goals of the business, and the strategies
that the business will use to achieve those goals.
Other category of information
 Environmental Information:
such as the impact of the
business on the environment, and
the environmental regulations
that the business must comply
with.
 Customer Information: such
as demographics, preferences,
buying behavior, and feedback.
 Cont’d..

 Sales Information: such as the

number of units sold, revenue
generated, and customer
satisfaction.

 Marketing Information: about

the market, competitors, and
marketing strategies
 CONT’D
 Human Resources Information:
such as their skills, performance,
attendance, and compensation.
 Legal Information: laws, regulations,
contracts, and legal disputes.
 Technology Information: ie
technology systems, software,
hardware, and cybersecurity.
 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DATA
AND INFORMATION
 Data refers to raw input that when
processed or arranged makes
meaningful output information.

 When data id processed into

information, it becomes interpretable
and gives meaning.
ie it becomes useful for businesses to
make decisions.
ILLUSTRATION
COMPARISON BETWEEN DATA
AND INFORMATION
DATA INFORMATION
Data can be in various forms, such information is typically presented in
as numbers, words, or images, texts a structured and organized format,
such as a report or a chart.(Refined
Data)

Data is not necessarily useful on its can be highly useful in decision-

own making and problem-solving.

Data by itself has no meaning or Processed, organized, structured

context, raw and presented in a context to make
it useful
Data does not depend on Without data, information cannot
information be processed
Data refers to a collection of facts information is the result of analyzing
or figures and interpreting that data.

unorganized organized
 QUALITIES OF GOOD
INFORMATION
Time Dimension;
 Timeliness (information should be
provided when needed)
 Currency(should be up to date
when provided)
 Frequency(should be provided as
often as needed)
 QUALITIES OF GOOD I
NFORMATION CONT’D..
 Content Dimension
 Accuracy (Information should be
free from errors)

 Relevance (should be related to the

information required)

 Completeness (should be complete

and provided as a whole)
 Cont’d..
 Conciseness (only required
information should be provided)

 Performance (Activities should

be measured to monitor
performance progress)
QUALITIES OF GOOD
INFORMATION CONT’D..
 Form Dimension;
 Clarity-information should be easy to
understand.

 Detail-information should be in detail

or summary form e.g. charts

 Order-can be presented in a
predetermined sequence.
 Cont’d..

 Presentation-it can be presented

in narrative, graphics, numeric etc.

 Media-can be provided on printed

paper, documents, videos etc.
The End