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Topic 4 - Instructional Documents

The document discusses the significance of schemes of work and lesson planning in teaching, highlighting their roles in organizing and structuring the educational process. Schemes of work ensure systematic coverage of the syllabus, while lesson plans provide a detailed framework for daily teaching activities. Both methods have advantages and limitations, emphasizing the need for careful planning to enhance teaching effectiveness.

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14 views5 pages

Topic 4 - Instructional Documents

The document discusses the significance of schemes of work and lesson planning in teaching, highlighting their roles in organizing and structuring the educational process. Schemes of work ensure systematic coverage of the syllabus, while lesson plans provide a detailed framework for daily teaching activities. Both methods have advantages and limitations, emphasizing the need for careful planning to enhance teaching effectiveness.

Uploaded by

karanjamichael2002
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Instructional Methods documents

1. The scheme of work

What are schemes of work and what is their


importance?

The scheme of work is a detailed, logical and sequential plan that interprets
the syllabus into units that can be used in a teaching-learning institution.

Alternative definition: It can also be defined as the breakdown of the syllabus


into manageable units which could be covered in a specific period of time
lasting for a week(s), month(s) or a whole year.

The importance of scheming in teaching.

1. It makes teaching both systematic and orderly since it ensures that topics in the
syllabus are taught in an orderly manner starting with the simplest to the most
complex
2. It ensures that every topic in the syllabus is covered.
3. It enables the teacher to budget for time wisely giving room for events and
activities which might interfere with the school calendar e.g. public holidays,
prize-giving day, sports day etc.
4. It gives the teacher an insight t0 teaching by enabling the teacher to identify
content, methods and relevant instructional materials which he/she is going to use
in the lesson thus giving him/her enough time to sort out the requirements.
5. It guides the teacher in making a lesson plan.
6. It checks the teacher’s pace of teaching.
7. It is useful during the transition when a teacher is transferred, the incoming teacher
will easily take over from where she/he had reached avoiding repetition or
omission. This ensures continuity in the learning process.

Disadvantages of schemes of work.

1. Teacher cannot work/teach independently.


2. There is lack of flexibility in lesson-planning.
3. The teaching process becomes more difficult because it is regulated.
2. Lesson plan

Definition of lesson planning

Following definitions indicate the broad meaning of a lesson


plan:

According to:

Bining and Bining:

Daily lesson planning involves defining the objectives,


selecting and arranging the subject matter and determining
the method and procedure

Lester B. Stands:

A lesson plan is actually a plan of action. It, therefore,


includes the working philosophy of the teacher, his knowledge
of philosophy, his information about and understanding of his
pupils, his comprehension of the objective of education, his
knowledge of the material to be taught, and his ability to
utilize effective methods.

Meaning and significance of lesson planning

Planning is essential not only in teaching but in all spheres of


human activity. Probably, there is no type of work where the
results of poor planning are so devastating as in teaching.

A lesson plan indicates the aims to be realized by teaching a


lesson, the methods to be employed and the activities to be
undertaken in the class, for fulfilling its aim. A lesson plan is
actually a plan of action for teaching .It includes:
 The working philosophy of the teacher
 His information and understanding of his pupils
 His comprehension of the objectives of education
 His knowledge of the material to be taught
 His ability to use effective methods of education

Advantages of Lesson Planning

The lesson plan affects the teacher’s skill, intelligence, ability


and his personality. Following are the chief functions of
planning:

1. It delimits the field of work of the teacher as well as of


the students and provides a definite objective for each
day’s work
2. As the goal is determined, the teacher gets impetus to
realize his goal
3. It tends to prevent wandering from the subject and going
off the way. It serves as a check on the possible wastage
of time and energy of the teachers and students. It
makes teaching systematic, orderly and economical
4. Planning helps the teacher to organize and systematize
the learning process. The activities in the lesson are well
knit, interconnected and associated. The continuity of
the educative process is ensured.
5. Planning helps to avoid needless repition
6. Planning helps the teacher to overcome the feeling of
nervousness and insecurity. It gives him confidence to
face the class.
7. Lesson planning gives opportunities to the teacher to
think out new ways and means of making the lesson
interesting and to introduce thought-provoking questions
8. Lesson planning enables the teacher to link the new
knowledge with the previous knowledge acquired by
students
9. Lesson planning ensured a proper connection of new
lesson with the previous lesson
10. Lesson planning ensures a definite assignment for class
and availability of adequate materials for the lesson
11. Lesson planning enables the teacher to prepare a
suitable scheme of selection and organization of subject-
matter, materials and activities
12. Lesson planning enables the teacher to prepare pivotal
questions and illustrations
13. Lesson planning makes it possible to provide for
individual differences in pupils
14. Lesson planning enables the teacher to provide for
suitable summaries
15. Lesson planning provides for an adequate checking of
the outcomes of instruction
16. Lesson planning helps the teacher as well as the taught
in fixing new learning by making adequate provision for
drill work, practice and revision.
Limitations

 Time consuming
 Fixed content
 Difficulty in pooling the preset materials

Broad principles and different steps in a Lesson Planning

1. Select the most appropriate aims


2. Provide the illustrative materials available
3. Include crucial questions
4. Consider the level of the ability and interests of the
pupils
5. consult courses of study and grade requirement
6. Select the best procedures
7. Tie the lesson with previous ones
8. Take into consideration the knowledge already
possessed by pupils
9. Include an appropriate assignment
10. Consider supplementary materials that would lead
towards a realization of the aim of the lesson
11. Emphasize the main points of interest
12. Arrange a logical order of activities that would lead
towards a realization of the aim of the lesson
13. Provide for adequate summaries
14. Make the plan flexible enough to allow the teacher to
leave it temporarily and follow pupil interests
15. Budget the time devoted to phases of the lesson
16. Provide a means for evaluating the results of the lesson
and the teaching.

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