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Introduction To Sanitary Systems

Sanitary systems are essential for managing wastewater and sewage to protect public health and prevent diseases, with over 2 billion people lacking basic sanitation access. The document outlines the historical evolution, components, and treatment processes of sanitary systems, highlighting the importance of proper sanitation for public health, environmental protection, and economic growth. It also discusses challenges faced by modern systems and innovative technologies for sustainable sanitation, aiming for universal access by 2030.

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Shital Rathod
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19 views10 pages

Introduction To Sanitary Systems

Sanitary systems are essential for managing wastewater and sewage to protect public health and prevent diseases, with over 2 billion people lacking basic sanitation access. The document outlines the historical evolution, components, and treatment processes of sanitary systems, highlighting the importance of proper sanitation for public health, environmental protection, and economic growth. It also discusses challenges faced by modern systems and innovative technologies for sustainable sanitation, aiming for universal access by 2030.

Uploaded by

Shital Rathod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Sanitary

Systems
S anitary systems manage wastewater and sewage to protect public health.

They prevent diseases, contamination, and support sustainable


development globally.

Over 2 billion people still lack access to basic sanitation.


Historical Evolution of Sanitary Systems
Ancient Civilizations 19thsewer
Modern Century
systems developed, reducing outbreaks.
E arly sanitation in Indus Valley and Roman E mpire.

1 2 3 4

Medieval Period Key Figure


Disease resurgence due to poor sanitation. S ir Joseph Bazalgette’s London sewer system cut
cholera by 75%.
Components of a Typical Sanitary System
Collection Treatment & Disposal

• S ewer pipes • Wastewater plants (primary to tertiary)


• Manholes • E ffluent discharge and sludge reuse
• Pumping stations • R egular inspection and maintenance
Wastewater Treatment:
Primary Treatment
Purpose
R emove large solids and grit early in treatment.

Processes
S creening, grit removal, sedimentation using clarifiers.

Efficiency
R emoves 40-60% TS S and 20-30% BOD.

Impact
Improves water quality and reduces solid waste.
Wastewater Treatment: Secondary
Treatment
Purpose
R emove dissolved organic matter from wastewater.

Methods
• Activated sludge
• Trickling filters
• Oxidation ponds

Technology
Aeration tanks and secondary clarifiers.

Outcome
Achieves 85-95% BOD and 80-90% TS S removal.
Wastewater Treatment: Tertiary Treatment
Purpose Processes & Technology Efficiency

Advanced removal of nutrients and • Filtration R emoves >99% pathogens, meets


pathogens. • UV disinfection E PA nutrient standards.

Protects sensitive ecosystems and • Chemical precipitation


enables water reuse.
Importance of Proper Sanitation
Public Health Environmental Economic Social Equity
Protection Growth
Prevents cholera, Provides sanitation
typhoid, and R educes pollution S upports tourism, access for all
dysentery and safeguards fisheries, and populations.
outbreaks. aquatic life. agriculture.
Challenges Facing Modern Sanitary Systems
Infrastructure Climate Change Population Growth Emerging
Contaminants
Old pipes and plants need • Flooding and drought Systems struggle under
urgent upgrades. challenge system increasing demand. Pharmaceuticals,
resilience microplastics, PFAS are
hard to treat.
Innovative Technologies and
Future Trends
Green Infrastructure
Wetlands, rain gardens, and permeable pavements.

Smart Systems
Sensors and automation optimize operations.

Resource Recovery
Biogas energy and nutrient fertilizers from waste.

Decentralized Treatment
On-site reuse for small communities.
Conclusion: Ensuring
Sustainable Sanitation for the
Future
Vital Role
Sanitation protects health, environment, and economic growth.

Investment Needed
Infrastructure and innovation must be prioritized globally.

Global Goal
Universal sanitation access by 2030 (SDG 6).

Holistic View
Water, sanitation, and well-being are interconnected.

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