WI Murdern

culture illd
znewT
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After Qing
Dynasty was overthrown
collapsed
The Manchus

Hong Tji
Later Jin Qing
Jurchens_ Manchus Ethnogenesis unite
Founding myth 布库 雍顺
Banner Ethnic rdentieg
Eight System

Conquest systematic sin icization

划
Dgarchg

㸑 笔箱
现 7dominate

因地制宜因俗 治
 17th century crisis

Dorgon 多尔 衮 顺治 鰲拜
皇太极 power

康熙
儒学 相关统治 措施 rulership
传位 拨 放弃 嫡 继承制
个 中选

laws
frontier infrastructure

奏折 朱批
salacemy
The Grand Council

China Marches west W2

Empire dinnership
regionally dominance
 g y
i ties
superior among

difiitical arrangement by rules institutions

for diterengiopp.li
____ __ ___

Border Frontier Consideration

of the
people occupying frontiers

Manchus allies
with Mongles

marriages relatables
Pacification Zunghar

Synthesize relations
giians
五世达赖
Tibet
Southwest The 2nd Jinhuan Campaign
亚 司

Tiw an Empire expands and falls apar

 sculturalit
丝 1iang Nan mprtc.me

of artistic legacy ancient Chin

Ownership of
Control culture though
upon
compile andcreate
litre
new confusion
ideology
endorsement
imperial
四库全书 re
editing

some excluded_hiolitic.nl correct

Neo confucianism 理学
Natural orden
getthy introspection
follow same princible peace
local lineage 当户对
Civil Service Examinations
111
股 pubic
purchase license
Pntrol the
money
secure ywǎk
and
powerful
officials of
of
ceingov.F.gr
the
Han people

ofsprn tmpaceRespnseModel
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DynasticC.ge le 王朝周期律
repeat not change
Bic Assumption

Marx t western Europe

CH Nhas already served as an important position inthe global
trade

Limit ports limitforiegnersmnnnn rulership

 3 ish
Trent 管 品品 道
relax the Canton Chi tilntary 朝贡贸易
System

England
Framing f china

1800 England is not powerful enough to

dominate the world

储 对的 问题

in莎茹墨影
Heshen caught executed
reformers
the White Lotus Rebel
local defense2

1 natural
running out
of silver
disasters
pirates

William Amherst 1ˢᵗEarl ofAmherst

 Embassy to China in1816 narrative hadchanged

nonegociatin
n
opiumtnade privateuders.n

n_t.sn coastalislands

Dontwant a war ask merchan

Sir Charles Elliot to giveupthe
ˋHold up British interests gods

State take the control use

of military

之前 主要是北 北 游牧 族
上 问题
A rational solution to sign the treaty
for Qing policymakers
Reasons
for failure
Poorpreparation intelligence

unclear objective
Lack of leadership
 g
Standpoint Value judgement
view multiple dimensions

incorporate make the whole makesense

story
场 观点 的叠加 新观点
critically question the

jiionfendence Taipingkebellioi

Peasants'leader
Hongxinquanyigune.fi
scholar

confusion idea Christian ideology

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f
secret bandit
拜 带 society

militia 团练 localorganization to defendlocalinterest

funding 厘
1government encouragement
 I
Ciǎgl trade 请统菭 议 成功 gegp
太平军
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The Dungan Revolt

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her Together g.at

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9
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ra latinship terms
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or problems
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y affairs after Op war
 not take on intentions

opium legalization
Taiping
hop 不min

1
器
wn

Sushnn
Cixi 平 政变

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weak and strong
state

foreignpowers not apparently fall save

control

western learning
of Xinjiang
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pet
traditions stndgnenjtgi.is
method
values dont
want to giveup
 Self strengthening movement 中体

总理衙 Weamethod

蕃
型 院
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value

Superintendent tihutany people

of trade
imperial maritime customs service

Kiangn an arsenal
江南制造总局
Bin chun 斌 椿 firm
in tradition Nanjing arsenal
persist 陵兵
student send to Us
Yonfusian
prestigious

military Ironclad ship

3ritischlause.liLank cheque to join any
other treaties'benefits

Charles Chinese Gordon defend Taiping

 and
by
Qing
mediate Custom
officials
ralationsh.pl wang tao
Robert
curiosity technology
t
learn

strengthen China

Tongzhi restoration
no scale rebellion
large of
80s 90s court donihate thee
Cixi mom
of tongzhi y
killed sashun
Balance the factions coup
 Slablaze her dominance
Balance the not reform
powers
programmeelreform
jlhina
Japa from1875ipeaie no
impetus for
further reform
not
risky radical reform

gradually reform

isastersatthetnofhetentury
officialsqnengener.at
halting the progress of westernization

conversatione backlash

need to reform c sdigiyconfac.in

 Cixi ruler dont help reform
balance
of power
Japan China Russia Korea
seekterniongn.hntang

CHIN
various type of tleet not unified

JPN
more welltrained more modernized
世
reform failure not radical enough

Japan.itrtte
T

PerryExpedition smorderai.se reform

western iz e

constitutional
o
 y uenucacys
dated
Boxers anti_foreigners
fear hatred

modernity cannot be well defined

New Policies