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The document discusses the characteristics and behaviors of monkeys, including their social structure, parental care, and habitats. It highlights the importance of parental investment in ensuring the survival of offspring and outlines various types of parental care observed in mammals and specifically in monkeys. Additionally, it touches on the evolutionary origins of monkeys and their physical characteristics.

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Taher Ali
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13 views9 pages

Main File

The document discusses the characteristics and behaviors of monkeys, including their social structure, parental care, and habitats. It highlights the importance of parental investment in ensuring the survival of offspring and outlines various types of parental care observed in mammals and specifically in monkeys. Additionally, it touches on the evolutionary origins of monkeys and their physical characteristics.

Uploaded by

Taher Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

INTRODUCTION

Monkey is mamali species. Monkey species is to .two colonies black


mouth and red mouth red mouth monkey is very clever than black
monkey . all monkey is a pure vegetable monkey lives in group like
children. Adult and old ages. monkey is over grand ancestor .monkey lives
group.

Their group are very strong and unity. In their group leader old monkey is
group leader called lakhoo. Monkey lives an trees and depended trees. Old
female monkey is a granny. In over India worship as hanuman it is symbol
of strange of unity. In over area found black mouth monkey. They are
innocent but claver.

2. WHAT IS PARENTAL CARE.

Parental of most animal including the most animal including the vast
majority of invertebrates. Provide no care for their offsping beyond
supplying. Them with a small package of yolk that serves as an initial
sources of nutrition until the offspring are fully capable of fending for
themselves yet parents of some animal go to great lengths to increase
their offsprings survival prospects by protecting them from predators food
shortage desiccation and a range of other include mammles and birth in
which one or both parents provide elaborate forms of care that include
nourishment of the developing embryo via a placenta or in the from of yolk

Parental Care in Mammals (Monkey) Page 1


protection and offsprings against predators and parasites. ex. parental care
are found among reptilies, amphibians , fishes arthropods. mollusca
anilieds and other invertebrates group.

Some of this exam includeelabrate forms of care comparable to those


found in mammals and birds form ex some reptiles fishes insects and
nourish developing embryo via placentaembryo via placenta like structure
and a small number of amphibians, fishes, insects,arachnids, crustaceans
and leeches provided food for their offsprings after hatching of birth other
examples include much simpler forms of care such as of eggs untill
hatching, which is a common form of care in amphibians fishes and
invertebrates the diversity inparental care among . amphibians, fishes and
invertebrates. Make these latter groups particularly valuable as study
system for the evolution of parental care.

Parental care occurs whem ever parents increase the survival and
growth of their offsprings.

Often at a cost to their own survival and reproduction the study of


evolution of parental care in an important major aims are to understand the
evolutionary causes of the observed diversity in the form lavel of duration
of parental care as well as the extant to which it is provided by the female
male or both parents (clutton.brock1991)the evolution of this diversity is
through to reflect variations in the benefit and costs of through to reflect
variations in the benefits and costs of different from of parental care to
make a female which is a turn upon depend factor.

3. PARENTAL INVESTMENT

Robert trives (1972) used the term parental investment to indicate


the effort in terms of time and resources put into rearing and individuals
offsprings parental investment can be define as any investment by the
parent in an individual offsprings that increases the offspring chance of
survival and hence its reproduction success at the cost of parents ability.

Parental Care in Mammals (Monkey) Page 2


Parents invest in their offsprings at the expense of their own survivals
and chance of future reproduction the role of the sexes in parental care
varies from species the benefit in investment in parental care is the
increased probility that each individual offsprings will survive the costs
include a reduction in the num of offspringsthat csn be produced and the
risks taken in protecting the young form predators nature selection has-
favoured parental care in species in which the benefits to offsprings
survival outweigh the costs of decrease opportunity to produce additional
offsprings survival out weight the costs of decrease opportunity to produce
additional offsprings female of may vertebrae animal have more invested
in gamete formation that males and hence they produce relatively few
large egg.

4. TYPES OF PARENTAL CARE.

They are a two types of parental care.

 Investment in gamete production.

 Preparation of shelter.

 Care of fertilized eggs.

(a) Investment in gamete production.-female mamoncriket eats


spermatophores provide by male so that she can have larger eggs
which can survive better in winter this case male is investing in
female gametes.

Parental Care in Mammals (Monkey) Page 3


(b) Preparation of shelter -preparation of nests burrows or territories
their is need of having a place where eggs can be kept .and young
can be left safely while parents forage for ex. some bees and wasp
make hive some fish species and some birds make nests.

(c) Care of fertilized egg,- guarding of eggs by fish incubation of eggs


by birds and reptiles caring brood by water bugs seahores and toads
this are ex a care of fertilized eggs.

5. PARENTAL CARE AFTER BIRTH

Provisioning of protecting young mouth brooding in some fish


provisining by birds location in mammal.

(a) care fallowing nutritional independence.- royal terms and


frigates birds keep feeding their chicks even after they have become
independent parents also provide protection to their babies from predators
support during conflicts in social primates lions train their for nanting.

6. PARENTAL CARE IN PRIMATES

The extensive parental care is soon by primates the early


development of all behaviour occurs during interactions with mother.

As the in fant nature ingratiation to a considerable extant with its pears


but this ingratiation are largely control by mother this include grasping,
cleaning, finding the nipple , grasturing vocalizations and other social sigh
monkey spent most of their early ears to their mother in a ventro ventral
passion.

7. PARENTAL CARE IN MAMMLES

Parental Care in Mammals (Monkey) Page 4


Most mammles show parental care of their offspring the degree of
parental ca

Various species and species the durkbil the pletiplus of arusteliya lays egg.
Like a bird lays eggs like a bird a in a barrow like some birds but unlike a
birds the macrcuplli angaru is provided with a pocket like a fold a skin of
abdomin female.

Within a young born at a very inature stay cold and nourish until able
to care them self the placental mammals carry the young during the period
of nourishing after they are a born.

In the large multimale groups found in manly ad world monkey and


spes , coprasion in carrying for the young does not external to nourishing
untill able to care them self. The placental mammle carry the during the
period of nourishing after they are a booms.

8. PARENTAL CARE IN REACOUSES MONKEY IN


(LANGUR).

Monkey exhibit high level of parental care fransh diwali found an


unusual pattern of behaviour in reasons monkey. A mother holding a her in
front would pick up and also hold – wending second in frent for period
razing from few sec 10 min. frans to wall call double hans and now believe
that the mother was trying to choose her babies friend..

Parental Care in Mammals (Monkey) Page 5


The female langur usually give a birth to single baby but twin birds
are not uncommon the new – born langur has more intimate coordination
than a human baby it clings to its mother Belly and rating group even
mother is running jumping .

9. ORIGIN OF MONKEY.

 Researchers have discovered an ancient species of old world monkey


in the north west keniya of the national academy of science.
 A team from the university of taxes at ausin the national museums of
kenya and other institutions found 22- million years old teeth in tress
different sites enabling the researcher to identify a new find could help a
light on the origin of old world monkey.
 The largest famaly of africa and asia .
 Including baboons and macaques – which the researchers describe as
one of the great evolutionary – success stories...

10. HABIT AND HABITED OF MONKEY.

Most monkey live in tress but there are some that live in savannas or
mountain areas. Monkey tribes stay on the move to find food so one
location 1st home for very long. A troop will together to take care of the
young monkey in the group.

Habitat ....

Monkey live in forest grassland high plains and mountain.

Parental Care in Mammals (Monkey) Page 6


Habitats....

Many monkeys are arboreal most of their lives in trees other like
baboons and macaques live mostly live on the ground.

Diet. ....

Monkey eat leaves, fruit, seed ,nuts, grass , root’s, eggs, insects,
spiders and small mammles.

11. GENRAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF


MONKEY.

 There species of old world monkey.

 Monkey live in trees .grassland mountain forest and on high plants.

 A groop of monkey is called a troop.most primate Shere six basic


features forward facing eyes.

 Sockets grasping hands nails fingerprints and brains.

Parental Care in Mammals (Monkey) Page 7


PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MONKEY

Physical characteristics of monkey are:-

 furry with long fur- covered tails.

 They are have hands with thumbs and dull coloured for.

Parental Care in Mammals (Monkey) Page 8


12. REFERENCE...

1. Klug, H Bonsall, M.B. Alonzo, S.H. the origin of the parental care
in relation to male and female life history.

2. Klug, H Bonsall, M.B. Alonzo, S.H.the origin of the parental


care in relation to male and female life history.

3. Lack L (1968) and Trivers R.L (1972) parental investment and


sexues selection

4. Q D.G. Malcolm JR. (1981) the evolution of male parental


investment in mammles.

5. Wesolowski the origin of parental care in birds a : reassessment


:behaviral ecology.

Parental Care in Mammals (Monkey) Page 9

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